General Function of the Automatic School Bell System
The automatic school bell system is an embedded microcontroller-based solution that
automates the ringing of a school bell based on a schedule. At the heart of the system is
the Arduino Uno, which receives accurate time information from the DS3231 Real-Time
Clock (RTC) module. The Arduino continuously compares the current time with pre-
programmed bell times, which can be set or updated by the user through a 4x3 matrix
keypad.
The 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) provides real-time feedback by displaying the
current time, system prompts, and status messages. When a scheduled time matches the
current time, the Arduino sends a control signal to the 5V relay module, which then
completes a circuit for the AC-powered electric bell, causing it to ring.
Additionally, the system includes a manual push button, allowing a user to bypass the
automatic schedule and ring the bell manually when needed (e.g., for emergencies or
administrative notices). The Arduino and all connected low-voltage components are
powered through a 5V DC adapter connected to the AC mains, while the bell receives its
power directly from the AC supply through the relay.
Simplified General Function Statement
The system functions by using the Arduino Uno to monitor real-time data from the RTC
module and trigger an electric bell through a relay at preset times, with user interaction
via a keypad and LCD display, and manual override using a push button — all powered
safely through separate AC and DC sources.