ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL, KHADKI

CLASS IX
Matter in our surroundings

KEY POINTS :
 Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, and it is made up of tiny particles.
 The particles of matter are constantly moving, have space between them, and attract each other to varying
degrees depending on the state of matter.
 There are three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, each with distinct properties related to shape,
volume, compressibility, and particle arrangement.
 Solids have a fixed shape and volume, with tightly packed particles and strong forces of attraction.
 Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape, allowing them to flow; their particles are loosely packed
compared to solids.
 Gases have neither fixed shape nor volume, and their particles are far apart with very weak attraction,
allowing them to be easily compressed.
 Matter can change from one state to another (like melting, boiling, or condensation) through changes in
temperature or pressure.
 Evaporation is the process where a liquid changes into gas at temperatures below boiling point, and it
depends on surface area, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
 Evaporation causes cooling because it takes heat away from the surroundings, as seen in sweating or water
in earthen pots.
 Latent heat is the energy required for a change of state without changing temperature e.g melting ice
Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)
1. Which of the following gases can be liquefied when pressure is applied at room temperature?
(a) Oxygen (b) Ammonia (c) Hydrogen (d) Nitrogen
2. In which of the following substances the molecules possess maximum kinetic energy under normal
conditions?
(a) Sugar (b) Sulphur powder (c) Ammonium Chloride (d) Common Salt
3. When heat is constantly supplied by a burner to boiling water, then the temperature of water during
vaporisation:
(a) Rises very slowly (b) Rises rapidly until steam is produced
(c) First rises and then becomes constant (d) Does not rise at all
4. The interparticle forces are the strongest in
(a) Ammonia (b) Sodium Bromide (c) Ethyl alcohol (d) Carbon dioxide
5. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Matter is made up of particles (b) Particles of matter are always in state of motion
(c) Matter is continuous in nature (d) Particles of matter attract each other
6. Which of the following phenomena always results in the cooling effect?
(a) Condensation (b) Evaporation (c) Sublimation (d) None of these

7. When water at 0°C freezes to form ice at the same temperature of 0°C, then it:
 (a) Absorbs some heat (b) Releases some heat
(c) Neither absorbs nor releases heat (d) Absorbs exactly 3.34 x 105J/kg of heat
8. Why do naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid behind?
(a) Due to melting (b) Due to freezing (c) Due to boiling (d) Due to sublimation
9. In an endothermic process heat is absorbed, in an exothermic process heat is evolved and in an athermic
process no thermal change is observed. What is the nature of evaporation of ether?
(a) Athermic (b) Exothermic
(c) First exothermic then endothermic (d) Endothermic
10. Which of the following is not a compound?
(a) marble (b) washing soda (c) quick lime (d) brass

Part 2: In the following questions, two statements are given one labelled Assertion(A) and the
other labelled reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below:

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of the assertion.

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

1. Assertion: A gas can easily be compressed by applying pressure.

Reason: Since the inter-particle spaces between gases are very large, they can decrease by applying
pressure.
2. Assertion: Gases exert pressure on the walls of the container.
Reason: The intermolecular force of attraction is very strong in gases.
3.Assertion: The boiling point of water is 100 C.
Reason: The boiling point of water increases at higher altitudes.
4. Assertion: The conversion of a solid directly into a gas is known as sublimation.
Reason: Naphthelene does not leave residue when kept open for sometime.

Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

1. Define diffusion. Is it faster in winter or summer season ?

2. Liquids like ether and acetone are kept in cool places. Why?
3. Boiling point of water on hill station like Simla is lower than in Delhi. Why?
4. When 50 g of sugar is dissolved in 100 mL of water, there is no increase in volume. What characteristic of
matter is illustrated by this observation?
 5. Why do the gases exert more pressure on the walls of the container than the solids?
6. Define density and give its SI unit.

3 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Why mixture does not have a fixed melting or a fixed boiling point? Give two reasons
2. (a)Define matter and write its three
States.
(b) Explain how these states of matter arise due to variation in the characteristics
of the particles.
3. State the SI unit of temperature. Mention the boiling point of water and average human body
temperature in SI unit.
4. Define evaporation. Explain any two factors affecting its rate.
5. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Camphor disappears if kept in open air for a few days.
(b) Wet clothes do not dry easily on a rainy days.
(c) We sweat more on humid days.

5 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate between boiling and evaporation in terms of process, energy requirements, and occurrence.
2. Explain, giving examples, the various factors on which the rate of evaporation depends.
3. Pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance. Explain this in detail.
4. Why does the temperature of a substance remain constant during its melting point or boiling point?
5. List any five physical properties of liquids.

SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS

Every matter is made up of tiny particles. These particles are so tiny that they can’t be seen with naked eyes.
The three characteristics shown by particles of matter are as follows:
(i) There are small voids between particles in a matter. This characteristic is the concept behind the solubility of
a substance in other substances.
(ii) Particles of matter show continuous random movements, that is they possess kinetic energy. The spreading
of ink in a beaker of glass, smell of agarbattis, etc. are few illustrations that show the movement of particles of a
substance.
(iii) The particles of matter attract each other with a force called interparticle force of attraction.
Read the given passage carefully and give the answer of the following questions:

Q 1. Spreading of fragrance of a burning incense stick in a room shows that:

a. particles of matter have spaces between them.
b. particles of matter attract each other.
c. particles of matter are constantly moving.
d. None of the above

Q 2. What happens when we add sugar to water?

a. Volume of water doubles.
b. Volume of water decreases
c. Volume of water remains the same.
d. None of the above

Q 3. A stream of water cannot be cut by fingers. Which property of matter does this observation show?
a. Particles of matter attract each other.
b. Particles of matter have spaces between them.
c. Particles of matter are continuously moving.
d. None of the above

Q 4. When we put some crystals of potassium permanganate in a beaker containing water, we observe that after
some time, the whole water turns pink. This intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their
own is called:
a. Brownian motion
b. melting
c. sublimation
d. diffusion

Q 5. Why is the rate of diffusion of liquids higher than that of solids?

a. In the liquid state, particles are tightly packed as compared to solids.
b. In the liquid state, particles move freely as compared to solids.
c. In solid state, particles have least force of attraction between the particles.
d. In solid state, particles cannot be compressed easily.