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R Program 6

The document provides an overview of basic data objects in R, emphasizing the importance of understanding these objects for effective data manipulation. It details various types of R objects, including vectors, matrices, arrays, lists, factors, and data frames, with a focus on vectors as the fundamental data structure. Additionally, it explains how to create different types of vectors, such as numeric and logical vectors, along with examples of their usage.

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14 views3 pages

R Program 6

The document provides an overview of basic data objects in R, emphasizing the importance of understanding these objects for effective data manipulation. It details various types of R objects, including vectors, matrices, arrays, lists, factors, and data frames, with a focus on vectors as the fundamental data structure. Additionally, it explains how to create different types of vectors, such as numeric and logical vectors, along with examples of their usage.

Uploaded by

karthikamohan474
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Objects

Data objects are the fundamental items that you work with in R.Every task

involves various different types of objects. Each object has a different goal and

behavior. There are many ways to manipulate your data, and understanding

how to do this is important in learning about R because the more you know

about the way R handles objects, the better use you can make of R as an ana-

lytical tool.

R objects

1. Vector

2. Matrix

3. Array

4. List

5. Factors

6. Data frames

Vector

A vector is the basic data structure in R, or we can say vectors are the most

basic R data objects. A vector is a group of primitive values of the same type.

It can be a group of numbers, true/false values, texts, and values of some other

type. It is one of the building blocks of all R objects.

There are several types of vectors in R. They are distinct from each other

in the type of elements they store.

Types of vectors in R

1. Numeric vector

2. Logical vector

3. Character vector

4. Complex Vector

5. Raw Vector

Creating Vectors
Numeric vector A numeric vector is a vector of numeric values. A scalar

number is the simplest numeric vector.

Example: x < −1.5 (or) x = 1.5

Vectors of numeric type can be created by using any one of the following

commands.

Vectors are generally created using the c() function.

numeric() is used to create a zero vector of a given length.

A sequence of vectors can be created by using colon operator (:).

A more general way to produce a numeric sequence is seq().

Examples:

1. x < −c(1, 5, 4, 9, 0)

Output: [1] 1 5 4 9 0

2. x1 < −numeric(10)

Output: [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3.x < −1 : 7

Output: [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4. y < −2 : −2

Output: [1] 2 1 0 -1 -2

5. z < −seq(1, 10, 2)

Output: [1] 1 3 5 7 9

Logical vector: A logical vector stores a group of TRUE or FALSE values.

They are basically yes or no to denote the answers to a group of logical ques-

tions.The simplest logical vectors are TRUE and FALSE themselves.

Examples:

1. x < −T RUE

Output: [1] TRUE

2. myvector < −c(T RUE, F ALSE, T RUE, T RUE, T RUE, F ALSE, F ALSE, T RUE)

Output: [1] TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE

3. x1 < −(1 > 2)


Output:[1] FALSE

4.y < −c(1, 2) > 2

Output: [1] FALSE FALSE

5. y1 < −c(1, 2) > c(2, 1)

Output: [1] FALSE TRUE

6. z < −c(2, 3) > c(1, 2, −1, 3)

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