Far Western University
Faculty of Management
Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) Program in Management (M.Phil/M.Phil Leading to PhD)
Statistical Methods
& Data Analysis
Submitted To: Prof. Dr. Bijay Lal Pradhan
Submitted By: Mohan Dev Nath
Date: 2/7/2025
Question No. 1 The average expenditure of the students in a college canteen for a
week is Rs. 165 and the standard deviation is Rs. 10. Find the percentage of
students whose expenditure is:
(a) Less than Rs. 175.
(b) Between Rs. 150 and Rs. 180.
(c) More than Rs. 174.
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = 165
Standard Deviation (σ) = 10
(a) Less than Rs. 172
For, X = 172,
Z= = = = 0.7
Now, P (Z <0.7) = 0.7580 = 75.80 %
So, the percentage of students whose expenditure is less than Rs. 172 is 75.80%.
(b) Between Rs. 150 to Rs. 180
For, X = 150,
Z= = = = -1.5
For, X = 180,
Z= = = = 1.5
Now, P (-1.5<Z<1.5) = P (Z<1.5) - P (Z<-1.5)
= 0.9332 - 0.0668 = 0.8664 = 86.64%
So, the percentage of students whose expenditure is between Rs. 150 and Rs.
180 is 86.64%.
(c) More than Rs. 174
For, X = 174,
Z= = = = 0.9
Now, P (Z>0.9) = 1- P (Z<0.9) = 1-0.8159 = 0.1841 = 18.41%.
So, the percentage of students whose expenditure is more than Rs. 174 is
18.41%.
Question No. 2 The customer account of a certain departmental store has an
average balance of Rs. 150 with the variance of Rs. 900. Assume that the account
balances are normally distributed. Find:
(a) Proportion of account is over Rs. 130.
(b) Proportion on account is under Rs. 110.
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = 150
Variance = 900
Standard Deviation (σ) = = 30
(a) Over Rs. 130
For, X = 130
Z= = = = - 0.67
Now, P (Z>-0.67) = 1- P (Z<-0.67) = 1-0.2514 = 0.7486 = 74.86%.
So, the proportion of account over Rs. 130 is 74.86%
(b) Under Rs. 110
For, X = 110
Z= = = = - 1.33
Now, P (Z<-1.33) = 0.0918 = 9.18%.
So, the proportion of account under Rs. 110 is 9.18%.
Question No. 3 Mountain Airs flying between two cities books on an average
6000 passengers per week with standard deviation of 1250.
(a) During what percentage of weeks do the airlines book more than 5500
passengers?
(b) During what percentage of weeks do the airlines book fewer than 7000
passengers?
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = 6000
Standard Deviation (σ) = 1250
(a) More than 5500
For, X = 5500
Z= = = = - 0.4
Now, P (Z>-0.4) = 1- P (Z<-0.4) = 1-0.3446 = 0.6554 = 65.54%.
So, during 65.54% percentages of weeks do the airlines book more than 5500
passengers.
(b) Fewer than 7000
For, X = 7000
Z= = = = 0.8
Now, P (Z<0.8) = 0.7881= 78.81%.
So, during 78.81 percentages of weeks do the airlines book fewer than 7,000
passengers.
Question No. 4 Assume that the mean height of soldier to be 68.52 inches along
with variance of 10.8 inches. How many soldiers in the regiment of 1000 would
you expect to be over 6 feet tall? (Hint: 1 feet = 12 inches)
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = 68.52 inches
Variance = 10.8 inches
Standard Deviation (σ) = = 3.29
Here, X = 6 feet = 6 x 12 = 72 inches
Z= = = = 1.06
Now, P (Z>1.06) = 1- P (Z<1.06) = 1-0.8554 = 0.1446 = 14.46%.
In a regiment of 1000 soldiers:
Expected number of soldiers = 14.46% of 1000
= 144.6 = 145
So, 145 soldiers in a regiment of 1000 would be expected to be over six feet tall.
Question No. 5 Income of a group of 1000 persons was normally distributed with
mean of Rs. 520 and variance of Rs. 3600. Find:
(a) Number of person having income below Rs. 620.
(b) The highest income of person 10% of the persons.
(c) The lowest income of richest 700 persons.
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = Rs. 520
Variance = Rs. 3600
Standard Deviation (σ) = = Rs. 60
(a) Number of person having income below Rs. 620
For, X = 620
Z= = = = 1.67
Now, P (Z<1.67) = 0.9525 = 95.25%
So, the number of persons = 95.25% of 1000
= 952.5 = 953
So, the number of persons having income below Rs. 620 is 953.
(b) Highest income of poorest 10%
P (Z) = 0.10
From the table, Z = -1.28
Or, = -1.28
Or, = -1.28
Or, X = 520-1.28 x 60 = 520-76.8 = Rs. 443.2
So, the highest income of poorest 10% is Rs. 443.2
(c) Lowest income of richest 700 persons
It means, 1000-700 = 300 people are below = 30%
So, P (Z) = 0.30
From the table, Z = -0.52
Or, = -0.52
Or, = - 0.52
Or, X = 520-0.52 x 60 = 520-31.2 = Rs. 488.8
So, the lowest income of richest 700 persons is Rs. 488.8.
Question No. 6 Expenditure of a group of 2000 students was found to be normally
distributed with average expenditure of Rs. 500 per week and the standard
deviation of Rs. 50. Find:
(a) Lowest expenditure of the richest 100 students.
(b) Highest expenditure of the poorest 300 students.
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = 500
Standard deviation (σ) = 50
Number of total student = 2000
(a) Lowest expenditure of richest 100 students
P (Z) = = = 0.95
From the table Z for 0.95 = 1.645
Now, Z=
Or, 1.645 =
Or, X = 500 + 1.645 x 50
Or, X = Rs 582.25
So, the lowest expenditure of richest 100 students is Rs. 582 (approx).
(b) Highest expenditure of poorest 300 students
P (Z) = = 0.15
From the table Z for 0.15 = -1.04
Now, Z=
Or, -1.04 =
Or, X = 500 + (- 1.04) x 50
Or, X = 500 - 52
Or, X = Rs. 448
So, the highest expenditure of poorest 300 students is Rs. 448.
Question No. 7 The mean and standard deviation of a normal distribution found
to be 50 and 10 respectively. What random variable may be that it has?
(a) 5% area to its left.
(b) 14% area to its right.
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = 50
Standard deviation (σ) = 10
(a) 5% area to its left
P (Z) = 0.05
From the table Z for 0.05 = -1.645
Now, Z=
Or, -1.645 =
Or, X = 50 + (- 1.645) x 10
Or, X = 50 - 16.45
Or, X = 33.55
So, the 5% area to its left is 33.55
(b) 14% area to its right
P (Z) = 14% to its right means (100 - 14) = 86% to its left = 0.86
From the table Z for 0.86 = 1.08
Now, Z=
Or, 1.08 =
Or, X = 500 + 1.08 x 10
Or, X = 50 + 10.8
Or, X = 60.8
So, the 14% area to its right is 60.8
Question No. 8 The heights of 1000 cakes baked with a certain mix have a normal
distribution with the mean of 5.75 cm standard deviation of 0.75 cm. Find:
(a) The number of cakes having heights between 5 cm and 6.25 cm.
(b) The maximum height of the flattest 200 cakes.
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = 5.75 cm
Standard deviation (σ) = 0.75 cm
Number of total cakes = 1000
(a) Height between 5 cm and 6.25 cm
For X = 5 cm
Z= = = = -1.0
For X = 6.25 cm
Z= = = = 0.67
Now, P (-1.0<Z<0.67)
= P (Z<0.67) - P (Z - 1.0)
= 0.7846 - 0.1587
=0.5899 = 58.99%
Number of cakes = 58.99% of 1000 = 589.9 = 590 approx
So, the number of cakes height between 5 cm and 6.25 cm is 590.
(b) Maximum height of flattest 200 cakes
P (Z) = = 0.20
From the table Z for 0.20 = -0.84
Now, Z=
Or, -0.84 =
Or, X = 5.75 + (- 0.84) x 0.75
Or, X = 5.75 - 0.63
Or, X = 5.12 cm
So, the maximum height of flattest 200 cakes is 5.12 cm.
Question No. 9 A set of examination marks approximately normally distributed
with the mean of 60 and standard deviation of 4 of top 10% students got grade A
and bottom 15% students got grade F, then what is the lowest A marks and
highest F marks?
Solution: - Here,
Mean (μ) = 60
Standard deviation (σ) = 4
(a) Top 10% got grade A (Lowest A marks)
P (Z) = 100 - 10 = 90% = 0.90
From the table Z for 0.90 = 1.28
Now, Z=
Or, 1.28 =
Or, X = 60 + 1.28 x 4
Or, X = 60 + 5.12
Or, X = 65.12
So, the lowest A marks is 65.12
(b) Bottom 15% got grade F (Highest F marks)
P (Z) = 15% = 0.15
From the table Z for 0.15 = -1.04
Now, Z=
Or, -1.04 =
Or, X = 60 + (-1.04) x 4
Or, X = 60 - 4.16
Or, X = 55.84
So, the highest F marks is 55.84.
Thanks
