COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS X (2025-26)
(Annual Examination)
Time: 03 Hours Marks: 80
Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behavior
Chemical Reactions and Equations:
Chemical reactions, Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, types of
chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double
displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and
reduction.
Acids, Bases and Salts:
Acids and Bases – definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions,
identification using indicators, chemical properties, examples and uses,
neutralization reaction, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not
required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium
Hydroxide, bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.
Metals and Non-metals:
Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties
of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.
Carbon and its Compounds:
Covalent bonds – formation and properties of covalent compounds, Versatile
nature of carbon, Hydrocarbons – saturated and unsaturated Homologous series.
Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes, alkyne and carbon compounds containing
functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes). Chemical properties of
carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction).
Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.
Unit II: World of Living
Life processes:
Living Being’, Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in
plants and animals.
Control and co-ordination in animals and plants:
Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-
ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action;
Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.
Reproduction:
Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health –
need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and
women’s health.
Heredity and Evolution:
Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits, Sex
determination; brief introduction.
Unit III: Natural Phenomena
Light: - Reflection
Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, center
of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula
(Derivation not required), magnification.
Light: - Refraction
Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index, Refraction of light by spherical
lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula (Derivation not required);
Magnification. Power of a lens.
Human eye and its colorful world
Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections,
applications of spherical mirrors and lenses, Refraction of light through a prism,
dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life (excluding color of
the sun at sunrise and sunset).
Unit IV: Effects of Current
Unit IV: Effects of Current
Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance,
Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series
combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in
daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric
power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.
Magnetic effects of current:
Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to
current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s
Left Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of
AC over DC, Domestic electric circuits.
Unit V: Natural Resources
Unit V: Natural Resources
Our environment:
Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and
their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.
