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Introduction Vector Overlay

Vector overlay is a GIS operation for integrating multiple vector spatial data sets, with key operations including Intersect, Union, Subtract, Exclusive, and Clip. Intersect identifies overlapping geographic units, while Union includes all units from both layers. Other operations like Subtract and Clip focus on non-overlapping portions, enhancing spatial analysis capabilities in GIS.

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14 views1 page

Introduction Vector Overlay

Vector overlay is a GIS operation for integrating multiple vector spatial data sets, with key operations including Intersect, Union, Subtract, Exclusive, and Clip. Intersect identifies overlapping geographic units, while Union includes all units from both layers. Other operations like Subtract and Clip focus on non-overlapping portions, enhancing spatial analysis capabilities in GIS.

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sujatakayal664
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SPATIAL ANALYSIS THROUGH VECTOR OVERLAY

Introduction:
Vector overlay is an operation (or class of operations) in a geographic information system
(GIS) for integrating two or more vector spatial data sets. Terms such as polygon overlay
, map overlay and topological overlay are often used synonymously , although they are not
identical in the range of operations they include. Overlay has been one of the core elements
of spatial analysis in GIS since its early development. Some overlay operations , specially
Intersect and Union , are implemented in all GIS software and are used in a wide variety
of analytical applications , while others are less common.

Intersect:
The result includes only the least common geographic units (LCGU) where the two input
layers intersect (overlap) ; that is , those with both “Parents”. This is identical to the set
theoretic intersection of the input layers. Intersect is probably the most commonly used
operator in the list – cumulative , associative.
Union:

The result includes all of the LCGUs , both those where the inputs intersect and they do
not . This is identical to the set union of the input layers – cumulative , associative.
Subtract ( Difference in QGIS):
The result includes only the portions of polygons in one layer that do not overlap with the
other layers ; that is , the LCGUs that have no Parent from the other layer non-cumulative,
non-associative.

Exclusive ( Symmetrical Difference in QGIS):


The result includes the portions of polygons in both layers that do not overlap ; that is , all
LCGUs that have one Parent. This could also be achieved by computing the intersection
and the union then subtracting the intersection from the union , or by subtracting each layer
from the other , then computing the union of the two subtractions: cumulative , associative.
Clip:
The result includes the portions of polygons of one layer where they intersect the other
layer. The outline is the same as the interaction , but the same as the interaction , but the
interior only includes the polygon of one layer rather than computing the LCGUs non-
cumulative , non-associative.

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