ADVANCE TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

Tutorial on MATLAB
BASICS

Instructor : Dr. Pratyush Dayal

Teaching Assistant : Surbhi Khewle
Indian Ins7tute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat
 Introduc7on
• MATrix LABoratory
• High performance language for numerical computation,
visualisation and programming
• The heart of the MATLAB is the matrix-based language
• Machine learning, signal processing, computational finance,
optimization etc.
• MATLAB desktop
• Command window
• Workspace
• Current directory
• Editor
• Help browser
• Getting started with MATLAB
 Matrices & Arrays
colon supresses Row
• Crea%ng a vector operator output vector
x = xmin:dx: xmax; x = 0: 1: 5; 0 1 2 3 4 5
x = linspace(xmin, xmax,no. of points); x = linspace(0,1,6); Creates linear spaced vector
• Crea%ng a matrix next row 1 2 3
A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]; [3×3] matrix A= 4 5 6
A (3,2) extracts 8 from matrix 7 8 9
B = A(2:3,1:3) submatrix of last two rows of A
C = A(2:3,:) submatrix of last two rows of A
C(:,2) = [] deletes second column by seJng it to null vector []
D = A’ transpose of matrix A
E = A.^2 element wise opera>on
• Opera%ons on matrices
A = rand(m,n); creates random matrix of m×n size
A = rand(2,3); B = rand(3,2);
C = A*B; Matrix mul>plica>on
disp(C) displays G in the command window
size(A),size(B),size(C) displays dimension of the matrix
 Matrices & Arrays (cont…)
• Ini%alizing matrix
A = zeros(2,3); creates a 3×4 matrix with ini>aliza>on to zero
A = ones(3,4); creates a 3×4 matrix with elements set to one
A = eye(3,4); creates an iden>ty matrix of dimension 3 ∗ 4
A(1,2) = 5; ini>alizing the second element of first row
A(2, :) = 6; sets all the elements of 2 row to 6
A(:,:) = 2; sets all the elements to 2
disp(A) displays final A matrix

• Concatena%ng matrices
A = ones(1,4); A= 1 1 1 1
B = zeros(1,4); B= 0 0 0 0
C = [A B]; C= 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
D = [A;B]; D= 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0
 Basic ploDng
• 2D plot • Subplots
x = linspace(-pi,pi,100); x = linspace(0,2*pi,100);
y = sin(x); calculates y as a func>on of x y1 = 0.5*sin(x); y2 = sin(x);
figure(1) creates a new plot window y3 = 2*sin(x); y4 = 3*sin(x);
plot(x,y) figure(3)
xlabel(‘x’); labels x axis hold on; holds the plot window for mul>ple plots
ylabel(‘y’); labels y axis subplot(2,2,1); divides the window into 2*2 sec>on
>tle(‘Graph of sin wave from -\pi to \pi’); plot(x,y1); xlabel(‘y’); ylabel(‘x’);
print('-dpng','-r600','figure1.png’); saves plot >tle(‘y = 0.5*sin(x)’);
subplot(2,2,2); second plot
plot(x,y1);
• Multiple plots xlabel(‘y’); ylabel(‘x’);
x = linspace(0,2*pi,100); >tle(‘y = sin(x)’);
y1 = sin(x); y2 = cos(x); subplot(2,2,3); third plot
figure(2) creates a new plot window plot(x,y1);
plot(x,y1,’-o’,x,y2,’-b’) xlabel(‘y’); ylabel(‘x’);
legend(‘sin(x)’,’cos(x)’) >tle(‘y = sin(x)’);
ylabel(‘y1 & y2’); hold off;
xlabel(‘x’);
 Control flow & Loops
• if & else if statements • while statements : when no. of passes isn’t specified
Syntax Example Syntax Example
if expression D = b^2 – 4*a*c x=1
while expression
statement(s) if D < 0 while x < 10
statement(s)
end disp(‘Negative roots’) x = 3*x;
end
end end

• break, switch, continue, return statements

Syntax Example
• Operators
if expression D = b^2 – 4*a*c
> Greater than
statement(s) if D < 0
disp(‘Roots are imaginary’) < Less than
elseif expression
elseif D = 0 >= Greater than or equal to
statement(s)
<= Less than or equal to
end disp(‘Roots are equal and real’)
else == Equal to
disp(‘Roots are real’) ∼= Not equal to
end & AND operator
| OR operator
∼ NOT operator
 Control flow & Loops (cont..)
• for loop – executes command repeatedly at • Nested loops – multiple for loops
fixed and predetermined number of times Syntax
for variable = expression
Syntax
for variable = expression
for variable = expression statement(s);
statement(s); end
end end

Example Example
x = 0:2:20; x = 2:2:10;
y =0:1:10; y = 1:1:10;
for i = 1:length(x)
z(i) = (x(i))^2 + (y(i))^2; for i = 1:length(x)
end for j = 1:length(y)
A(i,j) = x(i)*y(j);
end
end
 Func7ons
• Anonymous functions : single inline • Functions Output Input
Syntax arguments arguments
executable expressions that return one
function [F1,…FN] = function_name(x1,…xN)
output. F1 = f(x1,x2);
Example Example FN = f(x1,x2);
f = @(x) (2 + x^2 + 3*x); f = @(x,y) (x.^2 + y.^2); end
a = f(1); x = 2;
b = integral(f,0,1); y = 4; Example
z = f(x,y); Function file : Creating a function
function [a,b] = trignos(x)
f = function handle a = sin(x);
@ = create handles b = cos(x);
() = includes function input end
argument
Script file/command window : Calling a function
x = linspace(-pi,pi,100);
c = trignos(x);
 Func7ons
• Anonymous functions : single inline • Functions
Example
executable expressions that return one
Function file : Creating a function
output. function [a,b] = trignos(x)
Example Example a = sin(x);
f = @(x) (2 + x^2 + 3*x); f = @(x,y) (x.^2 + y.^2); b = cos(x);
a = f(1); x = 2; end
b = integral(f,0,1); y = 4;
z = f(x,y); Script file/command window : Calling a function
x = linspace(-pi,pi,100);
• Functions c = trignos(x);
Output Input
arguments arguments • Global & local variables
Syntax Local var - variables inside the function
function [F1,…FN] = function_name(x1,…xN)
F1 = f(x1,x2); Global var – single copy of variable between
FN = f(x1,x2); functions that declare it global
end
Func7ons (cont..)
Example Example
Function file : Function file :
function [A] = rms(v)
n = length(v); x = linspace(0,1,10);
ms = avg(v,n); n = length(x);
A = sqrt(ms); c = square(x);
end A = (sum(c))/n;

function A = avg(v,n) function c = square(x)

A = sum(v)/n ; c = x.^2 ;
end end

Script file/command window :

v = linspace(0,1,10);
f = rms(x);
Thank You