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? Basic Architecture of An Expert System

An expert system consists of five main components: Knowledge Base, Inference Engine, User Interface, Explanation Facility, and Knowledge Acquisition Module. These components work together to mimic human expertise in problem-solving by storing domain knowledge, applying logic to infer conclusions, facilitating user interaction, explaining reasoning, and allowing for the addition of new knowledge. For example, in a medical diagnosis system, the knowledge base might contain rules linking symptoms to potential diseases, while the inference engine uses these rules to suggest diagnoses based on user input.

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110 views3 pages

? Basic Architecture of An Expert System

An expert system consists of five main components: Knowledge Base, Inference Engine, User Interface, Explanation Facility, and Knowledge Acquisition Module. These components work together to mimic human expertise in problem-solving by storing domain knowledge, applying logic to infer conclusions, facilitating user interaction, explaining reasoning, and allowing for the addition of new knowledge. For example, in a medical diagnosis system, the knowledge base might contain rules linking symptoms to potential diseases, while the inference engine uses these rules to suggest diagnoses based on user input.

Uploaded by

dhrubalamichhane8412
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🏗 Basic Architecture of an Expert System (with Examples)

An expert system mimics human expertise in solving specific problems. It has five main
components:

1. Knowledge Base
✅ Definition:
A repository of facts and rules representing the domain knowledge of the expert.
🔧 Function:
Stores "if-then" rules and known facts about the problem domain.
📌 Example:
In a Medical Diagnosis System:
 Fact: Patient has high fever and sore throat.
 Rule:
IF patient has fever AND sore throat
THEN patient might have flu.

2. Inference Engine
✅ Definition:
The brain of the expert system. It uses logic to apply rules to the known facts.
🔧 Function:
 Matches facts from the knowledge base.
 Applies reasoning to infer new facts or conclusions.
📌 Example:
Given:
 Fact: Patient has fever and sore throat.
 Rule: If patient has fever and sore throat, then patient might have flu.
Inference Engine Conclusion: "Patient might have flu."
It can use:
 Forward Chaining: From facts → to conclusions.
 Backward Chaining: From a hypothesis ← to supporting facts.
3. User Interface
✅ Definition:
The medium for interaction between the user and the system.
🔧 Function:
 Allows users to enter input (symptoms, questions, etc.).
 Displays the system's conclusions and suggestions.
📌 Example:
User inputs:
"I have a fever and sore throat."
The system responds:
"Based on your symptoms, you might have the flu. Would you like to see treatment options?"

4. Explanation Facility
✅ Definition:
Explains the system's reasoning and how it reached a conclusion.
🔧 Function:
 Justifies answers to users.
 Increases trust in the system.
📌 Example:
User asks:
"Why did you say I might have the flu?"
System responds:
"Because you reported a fever and sore throat, and the rule in the knowledge base links those
symptoms to the flu."

5. Knowledge Acquisition Module


✅ Definition:
A tool to help experts or engineers add new knowledge (facts and rules) to the system.
🔧 Function:
 Updates the knowledge base.
 Allows learning or manual input of new information.
📌 Example:
A medical expert adds:
IF patient has fever AND rash
THEN patient might have measles.
This rule is now available for future reasoning.

🧠 Summary Table (with Examples)


Component Role in Expert System Example in Medical System

Knowledge Base Stores facts and rules "IF fever AND sore throat → flu"

Applies rules to facts to draw "Patient has symptoms → Conclusion:


Inference Engine
conclusions flu"

User types symptoms; system shows


User Interface Communication tool for users
possible disease

Explanation "Flu was suggested due to fever + sore


Explains decisions made
Facility throat"

Knowledge Expert adds a new rule for diagnosing


Adds new knowledge
Acquisition measles

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