Government of Andhra Pradesh

Department of School Education

State Council of Educational Research & Training
DSC-2024
DSC ` SCHOOL ASSISTANT SYLLABUS -MATHAMETICS

1. G.K & Current Affairs - 10M

2. Perspectives in Education – 05M
3. Classroom implications of Educational Psychology – 05M
4. Content - 40M
5. Methodology - 20M
Total - 80 M
PART - I

I. General Knowledge And Current Affairs (Marks: 10)

PART - II

II. Perspectives in Education (Marks: 05)

1. History of Education :
· The Education in Ancient India - Pre-Vedic and Post-Vedic period, Medieval
Education.
· Education in Pre Independent era - Woods Despatch (1854), Hunter
Commission (1882), Hartog Committee (1929), Sargent Committee (1944).
· Education in Post Independent era - Mudaliar Commission (1952-53), Kothari
Commission (1964-66), Ishwarbhai Patel committee (1977), NPE-1986, POA-
1992
2. Teacher Empowerment:
· Need, interventions for empowerment, Professional code of conduct for
teachers, Teacher motivation, Professional development of Teachers and
Teacher organizations, National / State Level Organizations for Teacher
Education, Maintenance of Records and Registers in Schools.
3. Educational Concerns in Contemporary India:
· Democracy and Education, Equality, Equity, Quality in Education, Equality of
Educational opportunities.
· Economics of Education, Education as Human Capital, Education and Human
Resource Development, Literacy - Saakshar Bharat Mission.
· Population Education, Gender - Equality, Equity and Empowerment of
Women, Urbanization and migration, Life skills.
· Adolescence Education
· Value Education – Moral Value and Professional Ethics in Education.
· Health and Physical Education
· Inclusive Education - Classroom Management in Inclusive Education

64
 · Role of Education in view of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization
· Programmes and Projects – APPEP, DPEP, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, National
Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL), Rashtriya
Madhyamika Shiksha Abhiyan(RMSA), Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan (RAA),
KGBVs, Model Schools.
· Incentives and special provisions – Mid Day Meals, Free Books, Scholarships,
Awards, Welfare Hostels, Transportation.
· Current Trends in Education

4. Acts / Rights:
· Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act - 2009
· Right to Information Act - 2005
· Child Rights
· Human Rights.

5. National Curriculum Framework - 2005: Perspectives, Guiding Principles,

Learning and Knowledge, Teaching Learning Process, Assessments, Systemic
Reforms.

6. National Education Policy-2020

PART - III

III. Classroom implications of Educational Psychology – 05Marks

1. Individual differences: Inter and intra individual differences, meaning, nature and
theories of intelligence with special emphasis to multiple intelligence, IQ, assessment
of intelligence, EQ, Creativity. Attitude, Aptitude, Interest, Habit and its Influence on
Intelligence – Class room implementation.
2. Learning: Theories and approaches of learning, learning curves, Factors, Phases,
Dimensions of learning, Types of learning, Transfer of learning. Memory, Forgetting,
Learning and assessment– Class room implementation.
3. Personality: Nature, characteristics and theories of personality, factors of
Personality, Assessment of Personality, Mental health, Adjustment, Stress – nature,
Symptoms and management. Emotional intelligence, Management of emotions –
Class room implementation.

PART - IV
IV. Maths –Content (Class-VI to Intermediate Present syllabus) (40 Marks)
1. Arithmetic
BODMAS rule - Ratios and Proportions (Direct, Inverse) - comparing quantities using
ratios, proportion, percentage and their applications - Profit and Loss - Discount - Sales
Tax/Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax - Simple, Compound Interest and their
applications.

65
2. Number System
Numbers - Four fundamental operations (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division)
- Knowing about Numbers - Hindu-Arabic system of numeration (Indian system of
numeration) - International system of numeration (British system of numeration) - Place
value and Face values of a digit in a number - Comparing and Ordering of Numbers -
Whole Numbers - Factors and Multiples - Prime and Composite numbers - Even and Odd
numbers - Tests for Divisibility of Numbers - Common Factors and Common Multiples -
Prime factorisation - Highest Common Factor (G.C.D) - Lowest Common Multiple -
Integers - properties and fundamental operations - Fractions and decimals - Types of
fractions - comparison - Applications of fractions in daily life - four fundamental
operations on fractions and decimals - Euclid's Division Lemma and its application -
Rational Numbers - Properties of Rational Numbers - Representation of Rational
Numbers on the Number line - Rational Numbers between two rational numbers - Four
fundamental Operations on Rational Numbers – Rational numbers and their decimal
expansions - Non-terminating, recurring decimals in rational numbers - Product of
reciprocals - Squares - Square roots (Numbers and Decimals) - Properties of Square
Numbers - Cubes - Cube roots of Numbers - Playing with Numbers - Games with
Numbers - Letters for Digits - Irrational numbers - Real Numbers and their Decimal
Expansions - Operations on Real Numbers - Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers –
Properties & Laws of logarithms.

Sets and their representation (Roster form and Set builder form) – Classification of sets
(Empty, Universal, subset, Finite & Infinite, disjoint sets) - difference of sets - Equal sets
- Using diagrams to represent sets - Venn diagrams and cardinality of sets - Basic
operations on sets (Union, Intersection).
3. Geometry
Basic geometrical concepts (Point, Line, Line segment, Ray, Curves, Polygons, Angles) -
Measuring of Lines - Pairs of Lines - Intersecting Lines and Non-intersecting Lines –
Lines parallel to the same line - Elements of Angles - Measuring of Angles - Types of
Angles – Pairs of Angles - Naming of the given 2D figures of Triangles, Square and
Rectangle - The Triangle - Types of Triangles and its Properties – Congruence and some
properties of Triangles - Some more criteria for Congruence of Triangles – Criteria for
similarity of triangles – Areas of similar triangles – Pythagoras theorem - Classification of
Polygons - Angle sum property - Kinds of Quadrilaterals (Trapezium, Kite,
Parallelogram) - Some special parallelograms (Rhombus, Rectangle, Square) -
Constructing different types of Quadrilaterals - Views of 3D-Shapes - Identification of
Edges, Vertices and Faces of 3D figures (Euler’s Rule) - Nets for building 3D shapes –
Introduction to Euclid’s geometry – Euclid’s definitions, axioms and postulates - Angle
Subtended by a Chord at a Point - Perpendicular from the Centre to a Chord - Equal
Chords and Their Distances from the Centre - Angle Subtended by an Arc of a Circle -
Cyclic Quadrilaterals – Tangents of a circle – Number of Tangent to a Circle from any
point – Segment of a circle formed by a Secant.

66
4. Mensuration
Measuring Length, Weight, Capacity, Time-Seasons, Calendar, Money, Area - Symmetry
(Line and Rotational) - Perimeter of Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Trapezium,
Parallelogram, Circle and Polygon, Properties of a Parallelogram - The Mid-point
Theorem - Area of a Quadrilateral, Surface Area and Volume of Cube, Cuboid and
Cylinder -Volume and capacity - Surface Area and volume of a Sphere - Volume of a
Right Circular Cone – Surface area of the combination of Solids – Volume of
combination of solids – Conversion of solid from one shape to another
5. Algebra
Patterns - making rules - The idea of variables - formation of algebraic expressions -
Terms, Factors and Coefficients - Linear equations in one variable – Linear equations in
two variables - Solutions of Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables – Algebraic
methods of finding the solutions for a pair of linear equations -Equations reducible to a
pair of linear equations in two variables -Solution of a quadratic equation by factorisation
& by completing the square – Nature of roots - terms and types of algebraic expressions -
finding the value of an expression - Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of
Algebraic Expressions - Multiplying a Monomial by a Monomial and polynomial -
Multiplying a Polynomial by a Polynomial - Standard Identities and their applications -
Applications of simple equations to practical situations - Exponents and Powers -
Negative exponents - Laws of exponents - Expressing large numbers in the standard form
- Factorisation - Division of Algebraic Expressions Continued (Polynomial ÷ Polynomial)
- Linear Graphs – Polynomials in one variable – Degree, Value, zeroes of a polynomial -
Geometrical meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial - Graphical representation of linear,
Quadratic and Cubic Polynomials - Factorisation of Polynomials - Algebraic Identities -
Working with Polynomials – Division algorithm for polynomials - Arithmetic
progressions – Parameters of Arithmetic progressions – nth term of an Arithmetic
progression – Sum of first n terms in Arithmetic progression – Geometric progressions –
nth term of a GP.
Functions :
· Ordered pair- Cartesian product of sets – Relation - Function & its types - image &
pre-image – Definitions.
· Inverse functions and Theorems.
· Domain, Range, Inverse of real valued functions.
Mathematical Induction
· Principle of Mathematical Induction & Theorems.
· Applications of Mathematical Induction.
· Problems on divisibility.
Matrices:
· Types of matrices

67
 · Scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices
· Transpose of a matrix
· Determinants
· Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix
· Consistency and inconsistency of Equations- Rank of a matrix
· Solution of simultaneous linear equations
Complex Numbers:
· Complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers- fundamental operations
· Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib.
· Modulus and amplitude of complex numbers –Illustrations.
· Geometrical and Polar Representation of complex numbers in Argand plane- Argand
diagram.
De Moivre’s Theorem:
· De Moivre’s theorem- Integral and Rational indices.
· nth roots of unity- Geometrical Interpretations – Illustrations.
Quadratic Expressions:
· Quadratic expressions, equations in one variable
· Sign of quadratic expressions – Change in signs – Maximum and minimum values
· Quadratic in-equations
Theory of Equations:
· The relation between the roots and coefficients in an equation
· Solving the equations when two or more roots of it are connected by certain relation
· Equation with real coefficients, occurrence of complex roots in conjugate pairs and its
consequences
· Transformation of equations – Reciprocal Equations.
Permutations and Combinations:
· Fundamental Principle of counting – linear and circular permutations
· Permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things taken ‘r’ at a time
· Permutations when repetitions allowed
· Circular permutations
· Permutations with constraint repetitions.
· Combinations-definitions and certain theorems

68
Binomial Theorem:
· Binomial theorem for positive integral index
· Binomial theorem for rational Index (without proof).
· Approximations using Binomial theorem
Partial fractions:
· Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains non –repeated linear factors.
· Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains repeated and/or non-repeated linear
factors.
· Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains irreducible factors.
6. Statistics
DATA HANDLING -Frequency Distribution Tables and Graphs- Grouped data-
ungrouped data – Measures of Central Tendency -Mean, median & mode of grouped and
ungrouped data – Ogive curves.

MEASURES OF DISPERSION
· Range
· Mean deviation
· Variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data.
· Coefficient of variation and analysis of frequency distribution with equal means but
different variances.
7. Probability
Probability - Linking chances to probability - Chance and probability related to real life -
Probability - a theoretical approach - Mutually exclusive events - Finding probability -
Complementary events and probability - Impossible and certain events - Deck of Cards and
Probability – Use and Applications of probability.
· Random experiments and events
· Classical definition of probability, Axiomatic approach and addition theorem of
probability.
· Independent and dependent events conditional probability- multiplication theorem and
Bayee’s theorem.
Random Variables and Probability Distributions:
· Random Variables
· Theoretical discrete distributions – Binomial and Poisson Distributions

69
8. Coordinate Geometry
Cartesian System – Distance between two points – distance between two points on a line
parallel to the co-ordinate axis – Distance between any two points on a line in the x-y plane
– Section formula – centroid of a triangle – Tri-sectional points of a line – Area of the
triangle – Heron’s formula- Collinearity – Straight lines – Slope of the straight line – slope
of a line joining two points.
Locus :
· Definition of locus – Illustrations.
· To find equations of locus - Problems connected to it.
Transformation of Axes :
· Transformation of axes - Rules, Derivations and Illustrations.
· Rotation of axes - Derivations – Illustrations.
The Straight Line :
· Revision of fundamental results.
· Straight line - Normal form – Illustrations.
· Straight line - Symmetric form.
· Straight line - Reduction into various forms.
· Intersection of two Straight Lines.
· Family of straight lines - Concurrent lines.
· Condition for Concurrent lines.
· Angle between two lines.
· Length of perpendicular from a point to a Line.
· Distance between two parallel lines.
· Concurrent lines - properties related to a triangle.
Pair of Straight lines:
· Equations of pair of lines passing through origin, angle between a pair of lines.
· Condition for perpendicular and coincident lines, bisectors of angles.
· Pair of bisectors of angles.
· Pair of lines - second degree general equation.
· Conditions for parallel lines - distance between them, Point of intersection of pair of
lines.
· Homogenizing a second degree equation with a first degree equation in X and Y.

70
Circle :
· Equation of circle -standard form-centre and radius of a circle with a given line
segment as diameter & equation of circle through three non collinear points -
parametric equations of a circle.
· Position of a point in the plane of a circle – power of a point-definition of tangent-
length of tangent
· Position of a straight line in the plane of circle-conditions for a line to be tangent –
chord joining two points on a circle – equation of the tangent at a point on the circle-
point of contact-equation of normal.
· Chord of contact - pole and polar-conjugate points and conjugate lines - equation of
chord with given middle point.
· Relative position of two circles- circles touching each other externally, internally
common tangents-centres of similitude- equation of pair of tangents from an external
point.
System of circles:
· Angle between two intersecting circles.
· Radical axis of two circles- properties- Common chord and common tangent of two
circles – radical centre.
· Intersection of a line and a Circle.
Parabola:
· Conic sections –Parabola- equation of parabola in standard form-different forms of
parabola- parametric equations.
· Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the parabola (Cartesian and parametric)
- conditions for straight line to be a tangent.
Ellipse:
· Equation of ellipse in standard form- Parametric equations.
· Equation of tangent and normal at a point on the ellipse (Cartesian and parametric) -
condition for a straight line to be a tangent.
Hyperbola:
· Equation of hyperbola in standard form- Parametric equations.
· Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the hyperbola (Cartesian and
parametric) - conditions for a straight line to be a tangent- Asymptotes.
Three Dimensional Coordinates :
· Coordinates.
· Section formulas - Centroid of a triangle and tetrahedron.

71
Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios :
· Direction Cosines.
· Direction Ratios.
Plane :
· Cartesian equation of Plane - Simple Illustrations.

9. Trigonometry
Trigonometry – Naming the sides in a Right triangle – Trigonometric Ratios – Defining
Trigonometric Ratios – Trigonometric ratios of some specific and complementary angles –
Trigonometric identities – Applications of Trigonometry – Drawing figures to solve
problems – solutions for two triangles.
Trigonometric Ratios up to Transformations:
· Graphs and Periodicity of Trigonometric functions.
· Trigonometric ratios and Compound angles.
· Trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub- multiple angles.
· Transformations - Sum and Product rules.
Trigonometric Equations:
· General Solution of Trigonometric Equations.
· Simple Trigonometric Equations – Solutions.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
· To reduce a Trigonometric Function into a bijection.
· Graphs of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
· Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
Hyperbolic Functions:
· Definition of Hyperbolic Function – Graphs.
· Definition of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions – Graphs.
· Addition formulas of Hyperbolic Functions.
Properties of Triangles:
· Relation between sides and angles of a Triangle
· Sine, Cosine, Tangent and Projection rules.
· Half angle formulae and areas of a triangle
· In-circle and Ex-circle of a Triangle.

72
10. Vector Algebra
Addition of Vectors:
· Vectors as a triad of real numbers.
· Classification of vectors.
· Addition of vectors.
· Scalar multiplication.
· Angle between two non-zero vectors.
· Linear combination of vectors.
· Component of a vector in three dimensions.
· Vector equations of line and plane including their Cartesian equivalent forms.
Product of Vectors:
· Scalar Product - Geometrical Interpretations - orthogonal projections.
· Properties of dot product.
· Expression of dot product in i, j, k system – Angle between two vectors.
· Geometrical Vector methods.
· Vector equations of plane in normal form.
· Angle between two planes.
· Vector product of two vectors and properties.
· Vector product in i, j, k system.
· Vector Areas.
· Scalar Triple Product.
· Vector equations of plane in different forms, skew lines, shortest distance and their
Cartesian equivalents. Plane through the line of intersection of two planes, condition
for coplanarity of two lines, perpendicular distance of a point from a plane, Angle
between line and a plane. Cartesian equivalents of all these results
· Vector Triple Product – Results
11. Calculus
Limits and Continuity:
· Intervals and neighbourhoods.
· Limits.
· Standard Limits.
· Continuity.

73
Differentiation:
· Derivative of a function.
· Elementary Properties.
· Trigonometric, Inverse Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Inverse Hyperbolic Function -
Derivatives.
· Methods of Differentiation.
· Second Order Derivatives.

Applications of Derivatives:
· Errors and approximations.
· Geometrical Interpretation of a derivative.
· Equations of tangents and normal’s.
· Lengths of tangent, normal, sub tangent and sub normal.
· Angles between two curves and condition for orthogonality of curves.
· Derivative as Rate of change.
· Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean value theorem without proofs and their
geometrical interpretation.
· Increasing and decreasing functions.
· Maxima and Minima.
Integration:
· Integration as the inverse process of differentiation- Standard forms –properties of
integrals.
· Method of substitution- integration of Algebraic, exponential, logarithmic,
trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions. Integration by parts.
· Integration- Partial fractions method.
· Reduction formulae.
Definite Integrals:
· Definite Integral as the limit of sum
· Interpretation of Definite Integral as an area.
· Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus.
· Properties.
· Reduction formulae.
· Application of Definite integral to areas.

74
Differential equations:
· Formation of differential equation-Degree and order of an ordinary differential
equation.
· Solving differential equation by
a) Variables separable method.
b) Homogeneous differential equation.
c) Non - Homogeneous differential equation.
d) Linear differential equations.
V. Methodology (20 Marks)
1. Meaning and Nature of Mathematics, History of Mathematics.
2. Contributions of Great Mathematicians - Aryabhatta, Bhaskaracharya, Srinivasa
Ramanujan, Euclid, Pythagoras, George cantor.
3. Aims and Values of teaching Mathematics, Instructional objectives (Blooms
taxonomy)
4. Mathematics curriculum: Principles, approaches of curriculum construction, -
Logical and Psychological, Topical and Concentric, Spiral approaches. Qualities of
a good Mathematics text book.
5. Methods of teaching mathematics- Heuristic method, Laboratory method, Inductive
and Deductive methods, Analytic and Synthetic methods, Project method and
Problem Solving method.
6. Unit Plan, Year Plan, Lesson Planning in Mathematics.
7. Instructional materials, Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience.
8. Evolving strategies for the gifted students and slow learners,
9. Techniques of teaching mathematics like Oral work, written work, Drilling,
Assignment, Project, Speed and Accuracy.
10. Mathematics club, Mathematics structure, Mathematics order and pattern sequence.
11. Evaluation - Types, Tools and Techniques of Evaluation, Preparation of Standard
Assessment Tools Analysis, Characteristics of a good test.

75
 Government of Andhra Pradesh
Department of School Education
State Council of Educational Research & Training
DSC-2024
Category of Post: TGT, PGT & Principals
Paper I – ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY (For Non Languages)
Syllabus

English: (Content) (Marks: 100) (Intermediate level)

Area Level Of Testing

Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions,

Parts of Speech
Interjections - Types and functions

Synonyms Identification of Shades of Meaning

Antonyms Identifying Antonyms in a Context
Homophones Identification & Usage
Homonyms Identification & Usage
Hypernyms&
Identification & Usage
Hyponyms
Spelling Spelling

One-word Substitutes Referring to Persons / Professions, Places, Collections

Phrasal Verbs Identification of Meaning and usage

Idiomatic Expressions Identification, Usage

Proverbs Proverbs
Word Formation Suffixes, Prefixes and other forms
Short Forms - Full
Common Short Forms - Full Forms
Forms
Abbreviations - Full
Common Abbreviations - Full Forms
Forms
Word Collocations Word Collocations
Foreign Phrases Used
Standard and common Foreign Phrases Used in English
in English
Helping Verbs Form, Function & Contractions
Modal Auxiliaries Form, Function & Contractions
Ordinary Verbs Form, Function & Contractions

Articles Use of Articles Including Omissions

Simple, Compound Prepositions Including Prepositions

Prepositions
following Certain Words and Prepositional Phrases

139
 Main Clauses, sub-ordinate Clauses, Adjectival Clauses,
Clauses Noun Clauses, Adverbial Clauses, Relative Clauses, Finite
and Non-finite Clauses

Sentence Structures Sentence Structures

Degrees of Comparison Form, Function, Construction, Transformation

Language Functions Language Functions with social norms (formal and informal)

Imperatives and Statements with semi negatives and

Question Tags
indefinites subjects
Types of Sentences Types of Sentences
Sentence Improvement Sentence Improvement
Direct Speech & Statements, Questions, Imperatives and Exclamatory
Indirect Speech Sentences
Active Voice & Passive
Active Voice & Passive Voice
Voice

Use of tenses and framing including ‘IF’ conditionals Type 1,

Tenses
2 &3

Agreement between
Agreement between subject & Verb
subject & Verb
Word Order Word Order In a phrase or a sentence
Linkers Linkers
Transformation of
Simple. Compound and Complex Sentences
Sentences

Common Errors Based on all Vocabulary and Grammar Topics

Punctuation and Use of capital letters, comma, full stop, question mark,
Capitalization exclamation mark and inverted commas

Letter Writing, News Report, Diary Entry, Conversation,

Writing of Discourses Description, Diary Entry, Biographical Sketch, Story, Script
for a speech

Dictionary Skills Dictionary Skills

Reading
Prose (GENERAL)
comprehension

140
 Government of Andhra Pradesh
Department of School Education
State Council of Educational Research & Training
DSC-2024
Category of Post: TGT
Paper II – MATHAMETICS Syllabus
1. G.K & Current Affairs - 10M
2. Perspectives in Education - 05M
3. Classroom implications of Educational Psychology - 05M
4. Content - 40M
5. Methodology - 20M
Total - 80 M
PART - I

I. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Marks: 10)

PART - II

II. Perspectives in Education (Marks: 05)

1. History of Education :
· The Education in Ancient India - Pre-Vedic and Post-Vedic period, Medieval
Education.
· Education in Pre Independent era - Woods Despatch (1854), Hunter
Commission (1882), Hartog Committee (1929), Sargent Committee (1944).
· Education in Post Independent era - Mudaliar Commission (1952-53), Kothari
Commission (1964-66), Ishwarbhai Patel committee (1977), NPE-1986, POA-
1992
2. Teacher Empowerment:
· Need, interventions for empowerment, Professional code of conduct for
teachers, Teacher motivation, Professional development of Teachers and
Teacher organizations, National / State Level Organizations for Teacher
Education, Maintenance of Records and Registers in Schools.
3. Educational Concerns in Contemporary India:
· Democracy and Education, Equality, Equity, Quality in Education, Equality of
Educational opportunities.
· Economics of Education, Education as Human Capital, Education and Human
Resource Development, Literacy - Sakshar Bharat Mission.
· Population Education, Gender - Equality, Equity and Empowerment of
Women, Urbanization and migration, Life skills.
· Adolescence Education
· Value Education – Moral Value and Professional Ethics in Education.
· Health and Physical Education
· Inclusive Education - Classroom Management in Inclusive Education

141
 · Role of Education in view of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization
· Programmes and Projects – APPEP, DPEP, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, National
Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL), Rashtriya
Madhyamika Shiksha Abhiyan(RMSA), Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan (RAA),
KGBVs, Model Schools.
· Incentives and special provisions – Mid Day Meals, Free Books, Scholarships,
Awards, Welfare Hostels, Transportation.
· Current Trends in Education

4. Acts / Rights:
· Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act - 2009
· Right to Information Act - 2005
· Child Rights
· Human Rights.

5. National Curriculum Framework - 2005: Perspectives, Guiding Principles,

Learning and Knowledge, Teaching Learning Process, Assessments, Systemic
Reforms.

6. National Education Policy-2020

PART - III

III. Classroom implications of Educational Psychology – 05Marks

1. Individual differences: Inter and intra individual differences, meaning, nature and
theories of intelligence with special emphasis to multiple intelligence, IQ, assessment
of intelligence, EQ, Creativity. Attitude, Aptitude, Interest, Habit and its Influence on
Intelligence – Class room implementation.
2. Learning: Theories and approaches of learning, learning curves, Factors, Phases,
Dimensions of learning, Types of learning, Transfer of learning. Memory, Forgetting,
Learning and assessment– Class room implementation.
3. Personality: Nature, characteristics and theories of personality, factors of
Personality, Assessment of Personality, Mental health, Adjustment, Stress – nature,
Symptoms and management. Emotional intelligence, Management of emotions –
Class room implementation.

PART - IV
IV. Maths –Content (40 Marks)) (Class VI to Intermediate level syllabus)

1. Arithmetic
BODMAS rule - Ratios and Proportions (Direct, Inverse) - comparing quantities using
ratios, proportion, percentage and their applications - Profit and Loss - Discount - Sales
Tax/Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax - Simple, Compound Interest and their
applications.

142
2. Number System
Numbers - Four fundamental operations (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division)
- Knowing about Numbers - Hindu-Arabic system of numeration (Indian system of
numeration) - International system of numeration (British system of numeration) - Place
value and Face values of a digit in a number - Comparing and Ordering of Numbers -
Whole Numbers - Factors and Multiples - Prime and Composite numbers - Even and Odd
numbers - Tests for Divisibility of Numbers - Common Factors and Common Multiples -
Prime factorisation - Highest Common Factor (G.C.D) - Lowest Common Multiple -
Integers - properties and fundamental operations - Fractions and decimals - Types of
fractions - comparison - Applications of fractions in daily life - four fundamental
operations on fractions and decimals - Euclid's Division Lemma and its application -
Rational Numbers - Properties of Rational Numbers - Representation of Rational
Numbers on the Number line - Rational Numbers between two rational numbers - Four
fundamental Operations on Rational Numbers – Rational numbers and their decimal
expansions - Non-terminating, recurring decimals in rational numbers - Product of
reciprocals - Squares - Square roots (Numbers and Decimals) - Properties of Square
Numbers - Cubes - Cube roots of Numbers - Playing with Numbers - Games with
Numbers - Letters for Digits - Irrational numbers - Real Numbers and their Decimal
Expansions - Operations on Real Numbers - Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers –
Properties & Laws of logarithms.

Sets and their representation (Roster form and Set builder form) – Classification of sets
(Empty, Universal, subset, Finite & Infinite, disjoint sets) - difference of sets - Equal sets
- Using diagrams to represent sets - Venn diagrams and cardinality of sets - Basic
operations on sets (Union, Intersection).
3. Geometry
Basic geometrical concepts (Point, Line, Line segment, Ray, Curves, Polygons, Angles) -
Measuring of Lines - Pairs of Lines - Intersecting Lines and Non-intersecting Lines –
Lines parallel to the same line - Elements of Angles - Measuring of Angles - Types of
Angles – Pairs of Angles - Naming of the given 2D figures of Triangles, Square and
Rectangle - The Triangle - Types of Triangles and its Properties – Congruence and some
properties of Triangles - Some more criteria for Congruence of Triangles – Criteria for
similarity of triangles – Areas of similar triangles – Pythagoras theorem - Classification of
Polygons - Angle sum property - Kinds of Quadrilaterals (Trapezium, Kite,
Parallelogram) - Some special parallelograms (Rhombus, Rectangle, Square) -
Constructing different types of Quadrilaterals - Views of 3D-Shapes - Identification of
Edges, Vertices and Faces of 3D figures (Euler’s Rule) - Nets for building 3D shapes –
Introduction to Euclid’s geometry – Euclid’s definitions, axioms and postulates - Angle
Subtended by a Chord at a Point - Perpendicular from the Centre to a Chord - Equal
Chords and Their Distances from the Centre - Angle Subtended by an Arc of a Circle -
Cyclic Quadrilaterals – Tangents of a circle – Number of Tangent to a Circle from any
point – Segment of a circle formed by a Secant.

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4. Mensuration
Measuring Length, Weight, Capacity, Time-Seasons, Calendar, Money, Area - Symmetry
(Line and Rotational) - Perimeter of Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Trapezium,
Parallelogram, Circle and Polygon, Properties of a Parallelogram - The Mid-point
Theorem - Area of a Quadrilateral, Surface Area and Volume of Cube, Cuboid and
Cylinder -Volume and capacity - Surface Area and volume of a Sphere - Volume of a
Right Circular Cone – Surface area of the combination of Solids – Volume of
combination of solids – Conversion of solid from one shape to another
5. Algebra
Patterns - making rules - The idea of variables - formation of algebraic expressions -
Terms, Factors and Coefficients - Linear equations in one variable – Linear equations in
two variables - Solutions of Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables – Algebraic
methods of finding the solutions for a pair of linear equations -Equations reducible to a
pair of linear equations in two variables -Solution of a quadratic equation by factorisation
& by completing the square – Nature of roots - terms and types of algebraic expressions -
finding the value of an expression - Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of
Algebraic Expressions - Multiplying a Monomial by a Monomial and polynomial -
Multiplying a Polynomial by a Polynomial - Standard Identities and their applications -
Applications of simple equations to practical situations - Exponents and Powers -
Negative exponents - Laws of exponents - Expressing large numbers in the standard form
- Factorisation - Division of Algebraic Expressions Continued (Polynomial ÷ Polynomial)
- Linear Graphs – Polynomials in one variable – Degree, Value, zeroes of a polynomial -
Geometrical meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial - Graphical representation of linear,
Quadratic and Cubic Polynomials - Factorisation of Polynomials - Algebraic Identities -
Working with Polynomials – Division algorithm for polynomials - Arithmetic
progressions – Parameters of Arithmetic progressions – nth term of an Arithmetic
progression – Sum of first n terms in Arithmetic progression – Geometric progressions –
nth term of a GP.
Functions :
· Ordered pair- Cartesian product of sets – Relation - Function & its types - image &
pre-image – Definitions.
· Inverse functions and Theorems.
· Domain, Range, Inverse of real valued functions.
Mathematical Induction
· Principle of Mathematical Induction & Theorems.
· Applications of Mathematical Induction.
· Problems on divisibility.

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Matrices:
· Types of matrices
· Scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices
· Transpose of a matrix
· Determinants
· Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix
· Consistency and inconsistency of Equations- Rank of a matrix
· Solution of simultaneous linear equations
Complex Numbers:
· Complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers- fundamental operations
· Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib.
· Modulus and amplitude of complex numbers –Illustrations.
· Geometrical and Polar Representation of complex numbers in Argand plane- Argand
diagram.
De Moivre’s Theorem:
· De Moivre’s theorem- Integral and Rational indices.
· nth roots of unity- Geometrical Interpretations – Illustrations.
Quadratic Expressions:
· Quadratic expressions, equations in one variable
· Sign of quadratic expressions – Change in signs – Maximum and minimum values
· Quadratic in-equations
Theory of Equations:
· The relation between the roots and coefficients in an equation
· Solving the equations when two or more roots of it are connected by certain relation
· Equation with real coefficients, occurrence of complex roots in conjugate pairs and its
consequences
· Transformation of equations – Reciprocal Equations.
Permutations and Combinations:
· Fundamental Principle of counting – linear and circular permutations
· Permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things taken ‘r’ at a time
· Permutations when repetitions allowed
· Circular permutations

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 · Permutations with constraint repetitions.
· Combinations-definitions and certain theorems
Binomial Theorem:
· Binomial theorem for positive integral index
· Binomial theorem for rational Index (without proof).
· Approximations using Binomial theorem
Partial fractions:
· Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains non –repeated linear factors.
· Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains repeated and/or non-repeated linear
factors.
· Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains irreducible factors.
6. Statistics
DATA HANDLING -Frequency Distribution Tables and Graphs- Grouped data-
ungrouped data – Measures of Central Tendency -Mean, median & mode of grouped and
ungrouped data – Ogive curves.

MEASURES OF DISPERSION
· Range
· Mean deviation
· Variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data.
· Coefficient of variation and analysis of frequency distribution with equal means but
different variances.
7. Probability
Probability - Linking chances to probability - Chance and probability related to real life -
Probability - a theoretical approach - Mutually exclusive events - Finding probability -
Complementary events and probability - Impossible and certain events - Deck of Cards and
Probability – Use and Applications of probability.
· Random experiments and events
· Classical definition of probability, Axiomatic approach and addition theorem of
probability.
· Independent and dependent events conditional probability- multiplication theorem and
Bayee’s theorem.
Random Variables and Probability Distributions:
· Random Variables

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 · Theoretical discrete distributions – Binomial and Poisson Distributions

8. Coordinate Geometry
Cartesian System – Distance between two points – distance between two points on a line
parallel to the co-ordinate axis – Distance between any two points on a line in the x-y plane
– Section formula – centroid of a triangle – Tri-sectional points of a line – Area of the
triangle – Heron’s formula- Collinearity – Straight lines – Slope of the straight line – slope
of a line joining two points.
Locus :
· Definition of locus – Illustrations.
· To find equations of locus - Problems connected to it.
Transformation of Axes :
· Transformation of axes - Rules, Derivations and Illustrations.
· Rotation of axes - Derivations – Illustrations.
The Straight Line :
· Revision of fundamental results.
· Straight line - Normal form – Illustrations.
· Straight line - Symmetric form.
· Straight line - Reduction into various forms.
· Intersection of two Straight Lines.
· Family of straight lines - Concurrent lines.
· Condition for Concurrent lines.
· Angle between two lines.
· Length of perpendicular from a point to a Line.
· Distance between two parallel lines.
· Concurrent lines - properties related to a triangle.
Pair of Straight lines:
· Equations of pair of lines passing through origin, angle between a pair of lines.
· Condition for perpendicular and coincident lines, bisectors of angles.
· Pair of bisectors of angles.
· Pair of lines - second degree general equation.
· Conditions for parallel lines - distance between them, Point of intersection of pair of
lines.

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 · Homogenizing a second degree equation with a first degree equation in X and Y.
Circle :
· Equation of circle -standard form-centre and radius of a circle with a given line
segment as diameter & equation of circle through three non collinear points -
parametric equations of a circle.
· Position of a point in the plane of a circle – power of a point-definition of tangent-
length of tangent
· Position of a straight line in the plane of circle-conditions for a line to be tangent –
chord joining two points on a circle – equation of the tangent at a point on the circle-
point of contact-equation of normal.
· Chord of contact - pole and polar-conjugate points and conjugate lines - equation of
chord with given middle point.
· Relative position of two circles- circles touching each other externally, internally
common tangents-centres of similitude- equation of pair of tangents from an external
point.
System of circles:
· Angle between two intersecting circles.
· Radical axis of two circles- properties- Common chord and common tangent of two
circles – radical centre.
· Intersection of a line and a Circle.
Parabola:
· Conic sections –Parabola- equation of parabola in standard form-different forms of
parabola- parametric equations.
· Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the parabola (Cartesian and parametric)
- conditions for straight line to be a tangent.
Ellipse:
· Equation of ellipse in standard form- Parametric equations.
· Equation of tangent and normal at a point on the ellipse (Cartesian and parametric) -
condition for a straight line to be a tangent.
Hyperbola:
· Equation of hyperbola in standard form- Parametric equations.
· Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the hyperbola (Cartesian and
parametric) - conditions for a straight line to be a tangent- Asymptotes.
Three Dimensional Coordinates :
· Coordinates.
· Section formulas - Centroid of a triangle and tetrahedron.
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Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios :
· Direction Cosines.
· Direction Ratios.
Plane :
· Cartesian equation of Plane - Simple Illustrations.

9. Trigonometry
Trigonometry – Naming the sides in a Right triangle – Trigonometric Ratios – Defining
Trigonometric Ratios – Trigonometric ratios of some specific and complementary angles –
Trigonometric identities – Applications of Trigonometry – Drawing figures to solve
problems – solutions for two triangles.
Trigonometric Ratios up to Transformations:
· Graphs and Periodicity of Trigonometric functions.
· Trigonometric ratios and Compound angles.
· Trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub- multiple angles.
· Transformations - Sum and Product rules.
Trigonometric Equations:
· General Solution of Trigonometric Equations.
· Simple Trigonometric Equations – Solutions.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
· To reduce a Trigonometric Function into a bijection.
· Graphs of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
· Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
Hyperbolic Functions:
· Definition of Hyperbolic Function – Graphs.
· Definition of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions – Graphs.
· Addition formulas of Hyperbolic Functions.
Properties of Triangles:
· Relation between sides and angles of a Triangle
· Sine, Cosine, Tangent and Projection rules.
· Half angle formulae and areas of a triangle
· In-circle and Ex-circle of a Triangle.

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10. Vector Algebra
Addition of Vectors:
· Vectors as a triad of real numbers.
· Classification of vectors.
· Addition of vectors.
· Scalar multiplication.
· Angle between two non-zero vectors.
· Linear combination of vectors.
· Component of a vector in three dimensions.
· Vector equations of line and plane including their Cartesian equivalent forms.
Product of Vectors:
· Scalar Product - Geometrical Interpretations - orthogonal projections.
· Properties of dot product.
· Expression of dot product in i, j, k system – Angle between two vectors.
· Geometrical Vector methods.
· Vector equations of plane in normal form.
· Angle between two planes.
· Vector product of two vectors and properties.
· Vector product in i, j, k system.
· Vector Areas.
· Scalar Triple Product.
· Vector equations of plane in different forms, skew lines, shortest distance and their
Cartesian equivalents. Plane through the line of intersection of two planes, condition
for coplanarity of two lines, perpendicular distance of a point from a plane, Angle
between line and a plane. Cartesian equivalents of all these results
· Vector Triple Product – Results
11. Calculus
Limits and Continuity:
· Intervals and neighbourhoods.
· Limits.
· Standard Limits.
· Continuity.
Differentiation:
· Derivative of a function.
· Elementary Properties.

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 · Trigonometric, Inverse Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Inverse Hyperbolic Function -
Derivatives.
· Methods of Differentiation.
· Second Order Derivatives.
Applications of Derivatives:
· Errors and approximations.
· Geometrical Interpretation of a derivative.
· Equations of tangents and normal’s.
· Lengths of tangent, normal, sub tangent and sub normal.
· Angles between two curves and condition for orthogonality of curves.
· Derivative as Rate of change.
· Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean value theorem without proofs and their
geometrical interpretation.
· Increasing and decreasing functions.
· Maxima and Minima.
Integration:
· Integration as the inverse process of differentiation- Standard forms –properties of
integrals.
· Method of substitution- integration of Algebraic, exponential, logarithmic,
trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions. Integration by parts.
· Integration- Partial fractions method.
· Reduction formulae.
Definite Integrals:
· Definite Integral as the limit of sum
· Interpretation of Definite Integral as an area.
· Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus.
· Properties.
· Reduction formulae.
· Application of Definite integral to areas.
Differential equations:
· Formation of differential equation-Degree and order of an ordinary differential
equation.
· Solving differential equation by

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 a) Variables separable method.
b) Homogeneous differential equation.
c) Non - Homogeneous differential equation.
d) Linear differential equations.

V. Methodology (20 Marks)

1. Meaning and Nature of Mathematics, History of Mathematics.
2. Contributions of Great Mathematicians - Aryabhatta, Bhaskaracharya, Srinivasa
Ramanujan, Euclid, Pythagoras, George cantor.
3. Aims and Values of teaching Mathematics, Instructional objectives (Blooms
taxonomy)
4. Mathematics curriculum: Principles, approaches of curriculum construction, -
Logical and Psychological, Topical and Concentric, Spiral approaches. Qualities of
a good Mathematics text book.
5. Methods of teaching mathematics- Heuristic method, Laboratory method, Inductive
and Deductive methods, Analytic and Synthetic methods, Project method and
Problem Solving method.
6. Unit Plan, Year Plan, Lesson Planning in Mathematics.
7. Instructional materials, Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience.
8. Evolving strategies for the gifted students and slow learners,
9. Techniques of teaching mathematics like Oral work, written work, Drilling,
Assignment, Project, Speed and Accuracy.
10. Mathematics club, Mathematics structure, Mathematics order and pattern sequence.
11. Evaluation - Types, Tools and Techniques of Evaluation, Preparation of Standard
Assessment Tools,Analysis, Characteristics of a good test.

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 Government of Andhra Pradesh
Department of School Education
State Council of Educational Research & Training
DSC - 2024
Category of Post: PGT
Paper II – Physical Science Syllabus

1. G.K & Current Affairs - 10M

2. Perspectives in Education - 10M
3. Educational Psychology - 10M
4. Content - 50M
5. Methodology - 20M
Total - 100 M

PART – I

I. General Knowledge And Current Affairs (Marks: 10)

PART - II

II. Perspectives in Education (Marks: 10)

1. History of Education :
· The Education in Ancient India - Pre-Vedic and Post-Vedic period,
Medieval Education.
· Education in Pre Independent era - Woods Despatch (1854), Hunter
Commission (1882), Hartog Committee (1929), Sargent Committee
(1944).
· Education in Post Independent era - Mudaliar Commission (1952-53),
Kothari Commission (1964-66), Ishwarbhai Patel committee (1977),
NPE-1986, POA-1992
2. Teacher Empowerment:
· Need, interventions for empowerment, Professional code of conduct for
teachers, Teacher motivation, Professional development of Teachers and
Teacher organizations, National / State Level Organizations for Teacher
Education, Maintenance of Records and Registers in Schools.
3. Educational Concerns in Contemporary India:
· Democracy and Education, Equality, Equity, Quality in Education,
Equality of Educational opportunities.
· Economics of Education, Education as Human Capital, Education and
Human Resource Development, Literacy - Saakshar Bharat Mission.
· Population Education, Gender - Equality, Equity and Empowerment of
Women, Urbanization and migration, Life skills.
· Adolescence Education
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 · Value Education – Moral Value and Professional Ethics in Education.
· Health and Physical Education
· Inclusive Education - Classroom Management in Inclusive Education
· Role of Education in view of Liberalization, Privatization and
Globalization
· Programmes and Projects – APPEP, DPEP, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan,
National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level
(NPEGEL), Rashtriya Madhyamika Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA),
Rashtriya Aveshekar Abhiyan (RAA), KGBVs, Model Schools.
· Incentives and special provisions – Mid Day Meals, Free Books,
Scholarships, Awards, Welfare Hostels, Transportation.
· Current Trends in Education
4. Acts / Rights:
· Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act - 2009
· Right to Information Act - 2005
· Child Rights
· Human Rights.

5. National Curriculum Framework - 2005: Perspectives, Guiding

Principles, Learning and Knowledge, Teaching Learning Process,
Assessments, Systemic Reforms.

6. National Education Policy-2020

PART - III

III. Educational Psychology – 10 Marks

1. Development Of Child
· Development, Growth & Maturation — Concept & Nature
· Principles of development and their education implication
· Factors influencing Development — Biological, Psychological,
Sociological,
emotional.
· Dimensions of Development and their interrelationships — Physical &
Motor, Cognitive, Emotional, Social, Moral, Language relating to
Infancy, early Childhood, late Child hood, adolescence.
· Understanding Development — Piaget, Kohlberg, Chomsky, Carl
Rogers, Erikson
· Individual differences — Infra & Inter Individual differences in the areas
of Attitudes, Aptitude, Interest, Habits, Intelligence and their
Assessment.
· Development of Personality — Concept, Factors effecting development

220
 of personality, self concept.
· Adjustment, Behavioural problems, Mental Health, Defense
mechanism.
· Methods and Approaches of Child Development — Introspection,
Observation, Interview, Case study, Experimental, Cross sectional and
Longitudinal
· Developmental tasks and Hazards
2. Understanding Learning
· Concept, Nature of Learning — input — process — outcome
· Factors of Learning — Personal and Environmental
· Approaches to Learning and their applicability—Behaviorism (Skinner,
Pavlov, Thorndike) Constructivism (Piaget, Vygotsky), Gestalt(Kohler,
Koffka) and Observational (Bandura)
· Dimensions of Learning — Cognitive, Affective and Performance.
· Motivation and Sustenance —its role in learning.
· Memory & Forgetting
· Transfer of Learning
3. Pedagogical Concerns
· Teaching and its relationship with learning and
learner.
· Learners in Contexts: Situating learner in the socio-political and
cultural context
· Children from diverse contexts—Children With Special Needs (CWSN),
Inclusive Education.
· Understanding of pedagogic methods — Enquiry based learning, Project
based learning, Survey, Observation and Activity based learning,
Cooperative and collaborative learning.
· Individual and Group learning: Issues and concerns with respect to
organizing learning in class room like Study habits, Self learning and
Learning to learn skills.
· Organizing learning in heterogeneous class room groups — Socio-
economic background, Abilities and Interest.
· Paradigms of organizing Learning-Teacher centric, Subject centric and
Learner centric.
· Theory of instruction – Bruner
· Teaching as Planned activity — Elements of Planning
· Phases of Teaching — Pre active, Interactive and Post active
· General and Subject related skills, competencies required in teaching
and attributes of good facilitator.
· Learning resources — Self, Home, School, Community, Technology.
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 · Class room Management: Role of student, teacher, Leadership style of
teacher, Creation of non threatening learning environment, Managing
behaviour problems, Guidance &Counselling, Punishment and its legal
implications, Rights of a child, Time Management.

· Distinction between Assessment for Learning & Assessment of Learning,

School based Assessment, Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation :
Perspective & Practice.
· Understanding teaching & learning in the context of NCF, 2005 &
Right to Education Act, 2009.
PART - IV

IV. Content: (50 Marks)

Classes VI to 3 years Bachelor Degree course in A.P. State

1. MEASUREMENT
Story of transport, Non- standard units of Measurements, Measuring the length of a Curved
line, Measurement of length, area, volume and time. CGS and SI units of length, area,
volume and time, Conversion of units from CGS to S.I and Vice versa.
2. MOTION
Describing Motion, Motion and Rest, Motion Along a Straight Line, Types of motion
(Translatory, Rotatory and oscillatory), Scalars and vectors, Distance, Displacement, Speed,
Velocity, Average speed, Average velocity, Acceleration, Graphical Representation of
Motion, Distance-Time Graphs, Velocity-Time Graphs, Uniform Motion and Non- Uniform
Motion, Equations of Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, Laws of Motion, Balanced and
Unbalance Forces, First Law of Motion, Inertia and Mass, Momentum, Second Law of
Motion, Third law of motion.

3. FORCE, FRICTION AND PRESSURE

Force – A Push or a Pull, Exploring Forces, Effect of Force on Objects, Types of forces
(field force and contact force), Net force, Types of friction (static, Sliding and Rolling),
Factors effecting Friction, Friction: A Necessary Evil, Increasing and Reducing Friction,
Fluid friction, Pressure, Pressure Exerted by Liquids and Gases, Pressure of liquids at
different depths, Atmospheric Pressure.

4. GRAVITATION
Uniform circular motion, Universal law of gravitation, Free Fall, Acceleration due to
Gravity, Motion of Objects Under the Influence of Gravitational Force of the Earth, Mass
and Weight, Thrust and Pressure, Pressure in Fluids, Buoyancy, Floating and Sinking
Objects, Archimedes’ Principle.

5. WORK, ENERGY
Scientific Conception of Work, Work Done by a Constant Force, Energy, Forms of Energy,
Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Mechanical Energy. Law of Conservation of Energy,
Conversion of Energy from one form to another, Power and its units.

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6. SOUND
Sound - a form of energy, Production of sound, Some musical instruments, Sound Needs a
Medium for Propagation, Human ear, Hearing Impairment, Noise and Music, Propagation
of Sound, Types of waves (longitudinal and transverse), Characteristics of sound waves
(Wavelength, Frequency, Time period, Speed of the wave), Relation between frequency
and time period, Pitch, Loudness and Quality, Intensity of Sound, Speed Of Sound in
Different Media, Reflection of Sound, Echo, Reverberation, Uses of Multiple Reflection of
Sound, Range of Hearing, Infrasonic and Ultrasonics, Applications of Ultrasound, Sound
pollution.

7. HEAT
Heat and temperature, Transfer of Heat (Conduction, convection, radiation), Kinds of
clothes we wear in summer and winter, Units of temperature (centigrade, Fahrenheit and
Kelvin; Conversions), Expansion of liquids due to heat, Types of thermometers, Thermal
equilibrium, Temperature and Kinetic energy, Specific Heat, Applications of Specific heat
capacity, Principle of method of mixtures, Determination of Specific heat of a solid,
Evaporation, Condensation, Humidity, Dew and Fog, Boiling, Latent heat of vapourisation,
Melting, Latent heat of fusion, Freezing, Temperature- time graph.
8. LIGHT
Light, Transparent, Opaque and Translucent Objects, Shadows and Images, Rectilinear
Propagation of Light, A Pinhole Camera, Regular and Diffused Reflection, Reflection of
light by plane surfaces (laws of reflection, periscope, multiple images, kaleidoscope,
Characteristics of image formed by plane mirrors), Spherical Mirrors and Images,
Spectrum, Wave nature of light, Fermat principle, Sign convention, Refraction, Refraction
of Light at Plane Surfaces, Refractive index, Absolute refractive index, Relative refractive
index, Snell’s law, Critical angle, Total Internal Reflection, Applications of total internal
reflection, Mirages, Optical fibres, Refraction Through a Glass Slab, Lateral shift, Vertical
shift, Refraction of Light at Curved Surfaces, Lenses, Terminology used in the case of
lenses -Focal length, Focus, Optic Centre, Principal axis, Radius of curvature, Centre of
curvature, Focal plane, Behaviour of certain light rays when they are incident on a lens,
Images formed by lenses for various distances of objects, UV method, Lens formula, Lens
maker’s formula, Human Eye, Least distance of distinct vision, Angle of vision, Myopia,
Hypermetropia, Presbyopia, Care of the Eyes, Braille System, Visually Impaired Persons,
Power of lens, Refractive index of a Prism, Dispersion of light through prism, Sunlight-
Dispersion, Rainbow, Scattering of light.

9. ELECTRICITY
Simple Electric circuit and its components, Conductors, Insulators, Type of cells (Dry and
liquid), Electric symbols and uses, Series and parallel connection of cells and bulbs,
Heating effects of Electricity, Understanding of CFL, Fuse and MCBs, Chemical Effects
Of Electric Current, Good/Poor Conducting Liquids, Electroplating, Magnetic Effects of
Electric Current, Electromagnet, Electric bell, Electric current, Drude and Lorentz theory,
Potential difference and EMF, Drift velocity and working of a cell, Ohm's law, Electric
shock, Factors affecting the resistance, Series connection of resistors, Parallel Connection
of resistors, Multi-meter, Kirchhoff’s laws, Sign convention in a circuit, Electric power,
Power consumption, Electric energy, Overload.

223
10. MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
How Magnets were discovered, Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Materials, Types of Magnets,
Poles of Magnet, Properties of Magnets, Storing magnets safely, Magnetic compass, Earth
as a Magnet, Magnetic Induction, Oersted's experiment, Magnetic Field, Magnetic flux –
Magnetic flux density, Magnetic field due to straight wire /circular coil/solenoid carrying
current, Magnetic Force, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s Law, Lenz
Law, Applications of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, Induced current, Induced
EMF, Electric generator, DC and AC currents, rms values.
11. PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY
Metallurgy, Occurrence of the metals in nature, Ores and Minerals, Extraction of metals,
Activity series, Concentration or Dressing of the ore, Hand picking, Washing, Froth
flotation, Magnetic Separation, Extraction of crude metal from the ore, Reduction of
purified ore to the metal, Purification of the crude metal, Distillation, Poling, Liquation,
Electrolytic refining, Corrosion, Prevention of corrosion, Thermite process, Smelting,
Roasting, Calcination, Flux, Gangue, Blast furnace, Reverberatory furnace.
12. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
Allotropes of Carbon, Amorphous forms, Crystalline forms, Diamond, Graphite,
Buckminsterfullerene, Nanotubes, Versatile nature of Carbon, Catenation, Tetravalency,
Hydrocarbons, Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, Homologous series, Isomerism,
Functional groups, Nomenclature of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, IUPAC names, Chemical
properties of carbon compounds- Combustion, Oxidation reactions, Addition reactions,
Substitution reactions, Ethanol, Ethanoic acid, Esters, Esterification Reactions, Soaps –
Saponification and Micelles, Cleansing action of soap, Detergents.
13. SOME NATURAL PHENOMENON
The Story of Lightning, charging by Rubbing, Electric charge and properties of electric
charge, Types of charges and their interactions, Transfer of charge, lightning, lightning
safety, lightning conductors, Earthquake, Tsunami, Causes and effects, Protective measures.
14. STARS AND SOLAR SYSTEM
The Moon, The Moon’s Surface, Phases of Moon, Eclipses (Solar and lunar eclipses), The
Stars, Movement of Stars (Constellation, pole star), Movement of the sun, Solar System,
Planets and Some Other Members of the Solar System, Artificial Satellites.

15. CHANGES AROUND US

Slow/fast changes, Temporary/permanent changes, Natural/man made changes, Physical/
chemical changes, Rusting of iron, Crystallisation, Galvanization, Corrosion, Rancidity,
Oxidation / reduction

16. MATTER
Objects Around Us, Properties of Materials, Physical Nature of Matter, Characteristics of
Particles of Matter, States of matter, Properties of solids, liquids and gases, Change of state
of Matter –effect of change of temperature and pressure, Evaporation, Factors Affecting
Evaporation, Sublimation, Deposition, Boiling, Latent heat of vaporisation, Latent heat of
fusion, Mixture, Types of Mixtures, Solutions., Properties of a Solution, Types of Solutions,
Concentration of solution, Expressing Concentration of Solutions, Suspension, Properties of

224
 a Suspension, Colloidal Solution, Properties of a Colloid, Common examples of colloids,
Mixtures, Methods of separation–handpicking, Threshing, Winnowing, Sedimentation,
Decantation, Sieving, Filtration, Sublimation, Chromatography, Distillation and fractional
distillation, Evaporation, Condensation, Use of more than one method of separation,
Saturated and unsaturated solutions, Separation of immiscible liquids, Types of Pure
Substances – Elements and Compounds.
17. ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Laws of Chemical Combination - Law of Conservation Of Mass, Law of Constant
Proportions, Atom, Symbols of Atoms of Different Elements, Atomic Mass, Atomicity,
Valency, Molecule, Molecules Of Elements, Molecules Of Compounds, Ion – Cation &
Anion, Polyatomic ions, Names and symbols of ions, Formation of ions, Writing Chemical
Formulae, Molecular Mass, Molar mass, Formula Unit Mass, Structure of The Atom,
Subatomic particles, Charged Particles in Matter, Thomson’s Model of an Atom,
Rutherford’s Model of an Atom, Bohr’s Model of an Atom, Bohr-Sommerfeld model of
an atom, Neutrons, Distribution of electrons into different Orbits, Atomic Number and
Mass Number, Isotopes, Isobars, Atomic line spectra, Planck’s quantum theory, Quantum
numbers, Shapes of orbitals, Electronic Configuration, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Aufbau
principle, Hund’s Rule.
18. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS-THE PERIODIC TABLE
Dobereiner’s law of Triads, Newlands’ law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s Periodic Table,
Modern Periodic Table, Periodic properties of the elements and their gradation in the
modern periodic table.

19. CHEMICAL BONDING

Lewis dot structures, Covalency, Electronic theory of valence by Lewis and Kossel, Octet
rule, Ionic and Covalent bonds, Ionic and Covalent compounds, Bond lengths and Bond
energies of covalent bonds, Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, Valence bond
theory, Hybridisation.

20. METALS AND NON METALS

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-
metals, Uses of Metals and Non-metals, Examples of metals and non-metals, Reactivity
order of metals.

21. SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND PLASTICS

Natural and Synthetic fibres, Preparation and uses, Types of Synthetic Fibres,
Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres, Plastics as Materials of Choice, Types of plastics,
Plastics and environment, Biodegradable – Non biodegradable materials.
22. COAL AND PETROLEUM
Exhaustible and inexhaustible Resources, Fuels – Types, Coal, Story of Coal, Uses of Coal
and Coal products, Refining of petroleum, Petrochemical products in various sectors,
Various Constituents of Petroleum and their Uses, Formation of coal and petroleum,
Natural Gas, Misuse of Energy resources and Consequences.

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23. COMBUSTION FUELS AND FLAME
Combustion, Types of Combustion, Ignition temperature, Inflammable substances, Flame,
Fuel Efficiency, Burning of Fuels Leads to Harmful Products, Fire control, Structure of
flame – colors zones – Intensities.

24. AIR
Atmosphere, Components of air, Availability of oxygen to plants and animals, Replacement
of Oxygen in the Atmosphere.

25. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Natural acid-base indicators, Synthetic acid-base Indicators, Olfactory indicators,
Universal Indicator, Chemical properties of Acids and Bases, Reaction of Acids
and bases with Metals, Reaction of Acids with carbonates and metal hydrogen
Carbonates, Neutralization reaction, Reaction of Acids with metal oxides, Reaction
of base with non-metal oxide, Production of H+ions and OH- ions, Electrical
conductivity of Acids and Bases, Properties of Bases, Dilution, Strength of acid or
base, pH scale, Importance of pH in everyday life, Self-defense by animals and
plants through chemical warfare, Family of salts, pH of Salts, Chemicals from
common salt, Important product from chlor-alkali process and their uses, Water of
crystallization, Common salt, Bleaching Powder, Baking soda, Washing soda,
Plaster of paris, Gypsum, and their uses.

PHYSICS

· Physical World
· Units and Measurements
· Motion in a Straight Line
· Motion in a Plane
· Laws of Motion
· Work, Energy and Power
· System of Particles and Rotational Motion
· Oscillations
· Gravitation
· Mechanical Properties of Solids
· Mechanical Properties of Fluids
· Thermal Properties of Matter
· Thermodynamics
· Kinetic Theory
· Waves
· Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
· Wave Optics
· Electric Charges and Fields
· Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
· Current Electricity

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 · Moving Charges and Magnetism
· Magnetism and Matter
· Electromagnetic Induction
· Alternating Current
· Electromagnetic Waves
· Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter
· Atoms

CHEMISTRY

· Atomic Structure
· Classification of Elements & Periodicity in Properties
· Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
· States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
· Stoichiometry
· Thermodynamics
· Chemical Equilibrium & Acids-Bases
· Hydrogen & it’s compounds
· s-Block elements (Alkali & Alkaline Earth Metals)
· p-Block Elements Group 13 (Boron family)
· p-Block Elements Group 14 (Carbon family)
· Environmental Chemistry
· Organic Chemistry-Some Basic Principles & Techniques & Hydrocarbons
· Solid State
· Solutions
· Electrochemistry & Chemical Kinetics
· Surface Chemistry
· General Principles of Metalillurgy
· p-Block elements (Group-15,16,17,18 Elements)
· d & f Block Elements & Coordination Compoounds
· Polymers
· Biomolecules
· Chemistry in Everyday life
· Halo Alkanes & Haloarenes
· Organic Compounds containing C, H & O (Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers,
Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic acids)
· Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

V. Methodology (Marks: 20)

1. The Nature of Science: Nature and scope of science, Science, ideology and Society,
Structure of Science (a) Substantive structure - Empirical knowledge, Theoretical
Knowledge - (Facts, Concepts, hypothesis, theory, Principle Law), (b)Syntactic
Structure of Science - Scientific inquiry, Processes of Science, Attitudes of inquiry

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2. The History and Development of Science: A brief introduction to oriental and western
science, Contribution of the following Scientists in the Development of Science:
Aryabhatta, BhaskaraCharya, Aristotle, Copernicus, Newton, Einstein, C.V.Raman,
Various organizations working for the development of science in India
3. Aims and Values of teaching Physical Sciences: Aims of teaching Physical Sciences,
Values of teaching Physical Science, Correlation of Physics and Chemistry with other
subjects
4. Objectives of teaching Physical Sciences: Meaning and importance of objectives,
Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational objectives, Specific / Behavioral objectives /
(Instructional objectives), Critique on Bloom's Taxonomy
5. Approaches and Methods of teaching Physical Sciences: Inductive and Deductive
Approaches, Micro Teaching, Team Teaching, Lecture Method, Lecture cum
Demonstration Method, Historical Method, Heuristic Method, Project Method,
Laboratory method, Problem Solving Method, Scientific Method, Multimedia
Approach in Teaching Learning process, Programmed Learning, CAI and CAL
6. Planning for effective instruction in Science: Year Plan, Unit Plan, Lesson Plan,
Learning experience, characteristics, classification, source and relevance.
7. Teaching Learning Material (TLM): Characteristics and Importance of TLM,
Classification and Types of TLM, Hardware and Software in TLM, TLM-Principles to
be followed, Edgar Dale's cone of learning experience.
8. Science laboratories: Importance of Practical work in science, Planning of Science
laboratories, Procurement, care and maintenance of laboratory equipment, Registers,
Management of safety and science kits, Development of improvised Apparatus.
9. Physical Science Curriculum: Principles of Curriculum Construction, Defects in the
existing school science curriculum, Qualities of a good Science Text Book.
10. Non-formal Science Education: Science Clubs, Science Fairs - purposes, levels,
organization, advantages, Science Library, Role of NGOs and State in popularizing
Science
11. Evaluation: Concept and Process of Evaluation, Tools of Evaluation, Preparation
of Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT), Analysis and interpretation of Scores.

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