S2 Chemistry MID-TERM TEST - Marking guide
1. a. Pure water and sugar solution do not contain ions. /1 mark
b. Non-electrolytes are covalent compounds/ 1 mark
c. Magnesium hydroxide is also known as milk of magnesia/1 mark
2. Answer true or false:
a) True/ 1 mark
b) False/ 1 mark
c) True/ 1 mark
3. i) The empirical formula: Calculate the total mass: 0.5 g+8.0 g+11.5 g=20.0 g/0.5 mark
Find the percentage composition:
11.5 g
for Na; × 100=57.5 % /0.5 mark
20 g
8.0 g
for O; × 100=40 %/0.5 mark
20 g
0.5 g
for H ; × 100=2.5 % /0.5 mark
20 g
Compute the empirical formula using the table:/2 marks
Na O H
57.5 40 2.5
23 16 1
2.5 2.5 2.5
2.5 2.5 2.5
1 1 1
Therefore, empirical formula will be: Na1 O1 H 1 → NaOH
ii) The solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH (strong base) is strong electrolyte. /1 mark
iii) The comparison between strong and weak electrolytes are:/4 marks
Strong electrolytes Weak electrolytes
An electrolyte which is completely ionised in An electrolyte which is partially ionised in
water and thus produces a large amount of water and thus produces a small amount of
ions is called strong electrolyte. ions is called weak electrolyte.
These electrolytes have high electrical These electrolytes have low electrical
conductivity. conductivity
These electrolytes react very rapidly with These electrolytes react quite slowly with
metals, metal carbonates and metal hydrogen metals, metal carbonates, and metal hydrogen
carbonates. carbonates.
Examples: Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid Examples: Acetic acid, carbonic acid, citric
and nitric acid. acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, sulphurous acid
and ammonium hydroxide.
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4. a) Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a main component of dry cell. Dry cell is commonly
known as Leclanché cell. The other electrolyte used in dry cell is manganese dioxide
(MnO2). / 1 mark
b) Sodium acetate (CH3COONa) used to seal concrete so that it is protected against bad
weather. It is also used as an ingredient in potato chips. / 1 mark
c) Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is used as a food additive.
d) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is an important ingredient in many detergents, soaps, and
drain cleaners.
5. completed table
Element Formula of oxide Class of oxide Products formed when oxide
reacted with dil. HCl
Sodium Na2 O / 1 Basic oxide/ 1 NaCl+ H 2 O (neutralization
reaction)/ 1
Aluminium Al2 O3/ 1 Amphoteric AlCl3 + H 2 O(neutralization
oxide/ 1 reaction)/1
Sulphur SO 2∨SO3 / 1 Acidic oxide/ 1 No reaction. SO 2∨SO3 shows acidic
properties. /1
6. Answers
a) 2 Cu¿ (s) Heat
→
2 CuO(s) + 4 NO2 (g) +O2( g)/ 1 mark
b) Mg (OH )2 (s) Heat
→
Mg O(s) + H 2 O(g )/ 1 mark
7. The difference between organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry are:/ 2 marks
Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry
Organic chemistry focuses on all compounds Inorganic chemistry deals with the
that contain the element carbon, usually in compounds that do not have carbon,
the form of carbon and hydrogen bonds. It though there are some exceptions. Many of
does not deal with the study of oxides of these inorganic compounds are
carbon, carbonates and hydrogen carbonates or classified as salts.
carbonic acid, cyanides or carbides.
Many of the organic compounds are classified Many of the inorganic compounds are
as hydrocarbons. classified as salts.
Example: Methane, Ethane, Acetic acid, Example: Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium
ethyl alcohol carbonate, Water
8. a) Alkanes are the saturated hydrocarbons having general formula C n H 2 n +2. In alkanes,
each carbon atom is bonded directly to four other atoms./ 1 mark
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b) Two physical properties of alkanes are:/ 2 marks
Alkanes are colorless.
The first four members of alkanes (C1 to C4) are gases; the next thirteen
members, (C5 to C17) are liquids while the higher members are waxy solids.
The boiling points and melting points of alkanes directly correspond to the size of
the molecule.
The melting and boiling points of the shorter chain alkanes are low, but the
melting and boiling points of alkanes increase as the number of carbon atoms
in the carbon chain increases.
Alkanes are insoluble in water but soluble in ether and other organic solvents.
The densities of alkanes increase with increasing molecular masses but
become constant at about 0.8 g/ cm3. Alkanes are less dense than water (alkanes
float on top of water).
c) Two uses of alkanes in daily life are:/ 2 marks
In Rwanda, methane gas is extracted in Lake Kivu. Methane is used as source of
heat.
On refining, petroleum gives Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), gasoline, kerosene,
diesel, furnace oil and wax which are used as fuels.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is used as fuel to run automobiles.
Some higher alkanes are used as lubricating oils and as Vaseline.
Alkanes are used as chloroform.
Alkanes are also used as a source of heat.
Alkanes are also used in rubber industry for example; carbon black is used for
making printer’s ink and paints.
Natural gas as source of hydrogen, is needed in the manufacture of fertilizers
9. The displayed formula for the following molecules:
a) Butane: / 1 mark
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b) Heptane:/ 1 mark
10. a) The molecular formula of pentane: C 5 H 12/ 1 mark
b) The first four members of alkanes (C1 to C4) are gases; the next thirteen members,
(C5 to C17) are liquids while the higher members are waxy solids. Therefore, pentane
(C5) its physical state is liquid. /1 mark
c) The general chemical equation for combustion of alkanes:/ 1 mark
C n H 2 n +2+ ( 3 n+1
2 )
O → nCO +¿
2 2
i) complete combustion of pentane:
C 5 H 12 +8 O2 → 5 CO2 +6 H 2 O
ii) incomplete combustion:
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C 5 H 12 + O → 5 CO+6 H 2 O
2 2
Or will produce carbon black:
C 5 H 12 +3 O2 → 5C (black carbon)+6 H 2 O
