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Number Representation and Computer Arithmetic

The document covers key concepts in number representation and computer arithmetic, including binary number systems, signed number representations, and arithmetic operations. It emphasizes the importance of understanding conversions, overflow detection, and floating-point representation based on IEEE 754. Additionally, it outlines common question types and topics relevant for GATE examinations, highlighting areas of high weightage such as 2's complement and binary representation.

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44 views3 pages

Number Representation and Computer Arithmetic

The document covers key concepts in number representation and computer arithmetic, including binary number systems, signed number representations, and arithmetic operations. It emphasizes the importance of understanding conversions, overflow detection, and floating-point representation based on IEEE 754. Additionally, it outlines common question types and topics relevant for GATE examinations, highlighting areas of high weightage such as 2's complement and binary representation.

Uploaded by

redasat949
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Representation and

Computer Arithmetic

🔹 1. Binary Number Systems


Concepts:
• Conversion between number systems: Binary, Decimal, Octal, Hex
• Number of bits required to represent a decimal number
• Representation of signed and unsigned numbers

Example GATE Questions:


• Minimum number of bits required to represent decimal number x in binary
• Convert a hexadecimal number to binary and determine its value
• Range of n-bit signed magnitude / 1’s complement / 2’s complement / unsigned

🔹 2. Signed Number Representations


Types:
• Signed Magnitude
• 1’s Complement
• 2’s Complement
Common Questions:
• Identify decimal value of a signed binary number
• Determine range of n-bit signed number
• Perform subtraction using 2’s complement method
• Represent negative numbers using 2’s complement

🔹 3. Arithmetic Operations
Operations:
• Addition, Subtraction (signed and unsigned)
• Overflow detection
• Carry generation and propagation
Question Types:
• Result of binary addition (with or without overflow)
• Identify whether overflow occurred
• Carry lookahead logic questions (conceptual)

🔹 4. Overflow Detection
Concept:
• Overflow in 2’s complement occurs when:
o Adding two positive numbers → result is negative
o Adding two negative numbers → result is positive
Number Representation and
Computer Arithmetic

Sample Questions:
• Does overflow occur in adding two given binary numbers?
• Identify overflow using carry into and out of MSB

🔹 5. Floating-Point Representation
Based on IEEE 754:
• Single Precision (32-bit)
• Double Precision (64-bit)
Topics Asked:
• Convert a decimal to IEEE 754 format
• Extract exponent, mantissa, and sign
• Range and accuracy
• Effects of normalization

🔹 6. Booth’s Algorithm / Multiplication Techniques


Not always asked, but sometimes:
• Booth's multiplication steps
• Carry Save Adder basics (very rare)

🔹 7. Base Arithmetic
Types:
• Binary/Octal/Hex arithmetic
• Subtraction using complements in various bases
Typical Questions:
• Perform subtraction in base 8 or 16 using complement
• How many bits/digits required to represent a value in a different base?

🔹 8. Bit Manipulation
Occasionally appears:
• Shift operations and their effects
• Bit masking and logic

Important GATE Topics to Focus


Topic Weightage Must Know
Conversion, subtraction, overflow
2’s Complement High
detection
Number Representation (Binary) High Unsigned/signed, range
Floating Point Representation Medium IEEE 754 conversion
Arithmetic Operations Medium Addition, carry, overflow
Number Representation and
Computer Arithmetic

Bit Requirements & Base


Medium Log-based questions
Change

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