MATHEMATICS IN A
MODERN WORLD
MATM111
Instructor:
CHARLOTTE A. RAMOS, LPT 1
Mathematics and Physics Department
PROBLEM SOLVING
INDUCTIVE REASONING
INDUCTIVE REASONING is a method of reasoning from particular to
general. The process of reaching a general conclusion by examining specific
examples. It is also called a bottom-up approach. It is all about arriving at a
conclusion on the basis of principle facts which guide you towards it.
A conjecture is an educated guess based on repeated observations of a
particular process or pattern.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
INDUCTIVE REASONING
INDUCTIVE REASONING
Every time you eat peanuts,
your throat swells up and you
can’t breathe.
So, _____________________.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
Consider the counting numbers:
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, _______
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING is a method of reasoning from general case to
particular case.
Key Terms:
• Argument - is the reason or reasons offered for or against something
• Premises - minor or major propositions or assertions that serve as the
bases for an argument. It can be an assumption, law, rule, widely held idea
or observation.
• Syllogism - an argument composed of two statements or premises followed
by a conclusion.
• Conclusion - the last step in a reasoning process
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
All men are mortal.
Socrates is a man.
•Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
All doctors are men.
Danilo is a doctor
•Therefore, ________________.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
All mammals have lungs.
Dogs are mammals.
•Therefore, ________________.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
All triangles have three sides.
This shape has three sides.
•Therefore, ________________.
LET’S TRY!!
Determine whether each of the following arguments is an example of inductive reasoning or deductive
reasoning.
1. All Leo Tolstoy novels are long. The novel Anna Karenina is a Leo Tolstoy novel. Thus,
Anna Karenina is long.
2. I know I will win a jackpot on this slot machine in the next 10 tries, because it has not
paid out any money during the last 45 tries.
3. During the past 10 years, a tree has produced plums every other year. Last year the tree
did not produce plums, so this year the tree will produce plums.
4. All home improvements cost more than the estimate. The contractor estimated that my
home improvement will cost P135,000. Thus my home improvement will cost more
than P135,000.
5. All Gillian Flynn novels are worth reading. The novel Gone Girl is a Gillian Flynn novel.
Thus Gone Girl is worth reading
Problem Solving:
1. The sum of three consecutive odd integers is 201.
Let:
x = first integer
________ = second integer
________ = third integer
Problem Solving:
2. If the first of two consecutive integers is doubled, the result is eleven
more than the second integer.
Let:
x = first integer
x + 1 = second integer
Problem Solving:
3. The length of a rectangle is two less than three times the width, and
the perimeter is 76 cm.
Let:
x = width
________ = length
Problem Solving:
4. A three-digit numbers whose hundreds digit is half
the tens digit and the tens digit is 2 more than the
unit digit while the sum of all the digits is 8.
Let:
x = be the unit’s value
________ = tens digit ( 2 more than the units digit)
________ = hundreds digit (half the tens digit)
So,
½ (x + 2) x+2 x (the three-digit numbers)
Problem Solving:
5. Every person at a party of twenty-eight people said hello
to each of the other people at the party exactly once. How
many "hello's" were said at the party?
Problem Solving:
6. There are 5 students in a classroom. If everyone in the
classroom shakes hands with everyone else, how many
handshakes would there be?
Problem Solving:
7. The number of chickens and cows in the field is 30. The
total number of legs among them is 86. Assuming each
chicken has exactly two legs and each cow has exactly four
legs.
Problem Solving:
8. A theatre can seat 285 people. On a sell out night the
theatre grossed P15,540 from ticket sales. Adults’ tickets
were P60 each and children’s tickets were P40 each. How
many adults’ tickets were sold that night? and children’s
tickets?
Problem Solving:
8. A theatre can seat 285 people. On a sell out night the theatre grossed P15,540 from
ticket sales. Adults’ tickets were P60 each and children’s tickets were P40 each. How
many adults’ tickets were sold that night? and children’s tickets?
THANK YOU
I hope you learn something. God bless!
