SOLVED EXAMPLES

1. Design a table for ironing garments (Adding values,handling of iron

box,
Profile of table top)
Problem Definition:
An innovative mechanism for an Ironing board which can add values to it

Design Functions:
 Easy handling
 Adjustable height
 Super quiet & smooth operation
 Less storage space
 Less weight
 Portable
 Larger surface area

Design Constraints:
 Strength and weight of material
 Cost and durability
 Design aesthetics
 Could be used by individuals of different characteristics
 Heat resistant board

Design Space:
 Design model:

Modified design:

 The ironing board can be made with aluminum joints (more strength and less weight)
 A rotating caddy is attached to the board for the easy and safe handling of iron box without
getting the ironcables tangled.
 The ironing board is five segmented and can be rotated, which could make ironing much
easier and smooth The cloths could be put onto the segmented ironing board and after ironing
one side, the board is rotated and the other side is ironed.
 It is also provided with special slots to place small music system in it like iPads or iPods.
 Special structures for holding garments are also provided.
 The height of the board can be regulated by the locks provided on the support aluminum rods



2. Design modification for your travel bag

Problem statement:
Design of a travel bag should be modified to add value to it
Design functions:
 Storage of all essentials
 More compartment to use the space effectively
 Detachable pockets and provision to hang the bag
Design constraints:
 Material used should be durable and eco-friendly
 Easy to handle and portable
 More storage space in a limited volume
 A light weight but stiff fabric that can hold up th weight of the stuff within it
Modified design:
 the bag look aesthetically good and has maximum utility with minimum material.
 There are two pockets in the front, one closed with a zip and another that close when
two seals arepressed together via clinging
 The upper pocket has 3 inner compartments.the lower one is a single compartment.
 To peep into the interior of the bag, a magnetic look is present.
 It has a gracious amount of storage space and a detachable pocket.
 The detachable pocket has slots in it,preferably to keep files and also it comes with a
zip.
 There is also a confidential compartment to keep personal things.
 This pocket comes with a small and thin zip so that it is not visible at a glance.
 Design space for a travel bag

Form/functions means
1 2 3
Material of the bag leather synthetic materials tough cloth

Method of closure of adhesive types button closure magnetic closure

Main compartment of flaps more number of detachable pockets using bags specific
compartments to such situations

Adapting to different compartment for confidential special zip ways

Environments and specific priority pockets of materials
Safe storage
3. Lunch box that can keep fresh food
Problem statement:
To design a lunch box that can keep fresh meals.
Objective of design:
To design a lunch box that can keep food fresh

Constrains
➢ Avalibility of the material
➢ Light weight
➢ Amount of plastic used
➢ Should be Heat bearable product
➢ Desired space for food keeping

Explanation of solution:
The problem of losing freshness of the food inside the lunch box can be overcome by giving a
heatconserving mechanism, air flow mechanism, cold water flowing mechanism

Brief description:
The lunch box is modified in such a way that it can keep freshness of food and inside hotness of the food
this lunch box will help to experience the fresh food just like at the time of packing even after some hours.
This lunch box is an integration of normal lunch box and the thermal flask ,als added some simple
modification to keep food fresh.

Advantages:
❖ It is a very effective product in the case of students and those who are taking food outside.
❖ It will keep food fresh so can enjoy fresh meals.
❖ Method to keep fruit , cool products, hot food is included.
❖ Easly carry food.

Disadvantages:
❖ Little heavy due to the external coating and other integrations.
❖ Cannot keep lot of food.
❖ Costly due to non conducting materials.
❖ Cannot keep hot and cool foods at the same time.

Proposed design:
The design of the lunch box is created as per the explanation given below
A lunch box that can keep the food particles fresh and warm.

 The lunch box is modified in such a way that it can keep the meals fresh.
 A thermally non conducting lining, a vacuum space and a plastic outer coating is given so the
heat inside the box is kept still.
 A small water cavity for those foods needs cold; it can be filled with cool water.
 Air inserting mechanism for keeping vegetables and fruits fresh.
 Tight cap.
 Low thermal conducting materials used.
Conclusion:
The lunch box is made to satisfy above conditions.
SKETCH:
4. Heavy school bag leads to many health issues to younger students .how cana
designer help them.
Design objectives-
*To design a school bag to avoid health issues.
*Storage of all essential items.
*More compartments to use the space effectively.
Design constraints-
*material used should be durable.
*easy to handle and light weight.
*More storage space in a limited volume.
Modified design-
 The bag looks good and has maximum utility with minimum material.
 There are inner and outer pocket to store things.
 There are two back straps to carry the bag.
 The straps should make up with the material that does not cause any problemto shoulder.
 The straps have maximum width.
5. Design a candle holder to improve the life of the candleand
reuse of wax.
Problem Definition:
An innovative mechanism of holding a candle that can help in improving the lifeof the candle and
reuse the wax.

Design Functions:
 Hold the candle.
 Improve the life of the candle.
 Reuse of wax.
 Attractive
 Wide range of light spreading
 Durable

Design Constraints:
 Heat resistant
 Medium size
 Material cost
 Light weight

Design Space:
Design space of candle holder
Forms/Functions Means
1 2 3

Shape of holder circular square hexagonal

Size of holder small medium large

For collecting tubular acrylic wide glass aluminum foil

wax stem is provided base is coating
at the bottom provided
 Modified Design:

 Self-regenerative wax candle stick that consists of a tubular acrylic stem that pools and remolds the
melting wax of the candle it is burning into a new candle.
 As the candle burns, melting wax drips from the candle and accumulates inside the transparent
stem where a length of wick is centrally located. As the wax accumulates inside the stem, it hardens
around a strip of wick running through the center. Once full, the new molded candle can be removed
from the central section to start the process again.

6. Design a baby walker in such a way that it can be

easilyconverted into a cradle whenever required.

Problem definition
An innovative mechanism to convert a baby walker to a cradle whenever required which can add
value toit.

Design function
 Moderate weight
 Easy handling
 Adjustable height
 Smooth operation
 Portable

Design constraints
 Strength and weight of material
 Cost and durability
 Design aesthetics
 Design model

Modified Design
❖ Normal Baby walkers can only be used for the kids as a help in walking.
❖ The modification made in the design has made the baby walker as multipurpose.
❖ It can be used both as Baby walker and as cradle.
❖ Simple modifications have been done.
❖ Two cables are attached to the bottom of the Baby walker.
❖ The cable from the bottom extends through both the sides of the Baby walker.
❖ The cables are very strong enough to hang the Baby walker.
❖ At the end of the two cables. A hook should be attached, so that the Baby walker can be hanged.

7. To reduce the difficulty to carry smart phones whilemorning

exercises.
Project Statement:
Modified mobile phone carrier that can be carried around and used while the exercise time and rest.

Design Functions:
 Size of carrier should vary according to the size of the mobile.
 The mobile phone should remain safe in the carrier.
 It should be handy.

Design Constraints:
 Must always be attached to the body.
 Durable.
 The material should be damp proof and not cause any skin problems.
 Capable of holding mobile phones of almost all sizes.
 Minimum space utilization.
 Modified Design:
 The carrier is designed as a belt (stretchable) like commodity with a provision to carry the phone.
 A clip is used to join the belt.
 The mobile phone can be carried around in a pouch that is fitted to a waist belt.
 Joining clips and adjustable straps enhance the efficiency.
 Water repellent coatings provided increase the safety of the mobile.


Design Space:

Design space for a cell phone carrier

Form/functions Means
1 2 3 4

Materials used Leather Plastic polymer Cotton/mixed cotton _

To take the A belt like structure A clip attached A thread is placed on A small,ordinary
phone having provisions system,that fixed mobile carrier and it bag with a size
to carry mobile on wearing can be held as a chain can be placed in
and fix it in body the pockets

To open and Velcro Buttons Zippers Open one

close the bag

For varying the Strechable elastic Adjusting clip Zippers used to _

size of the bag bags are used is used expand the bag
8. Due to heavy weight of filled gas cylinder design a gas cylinder
carrier.
Objective of design.
To design a gas cylinder carrier for easy transport.

Constraints of design.
*Heavy weight of the cylinder.
*Explosive.
*Availability of good shock resistive material.
*Must be easy for transport in any region.

Explanation of solution.
Gas cylinder carrier is made using shock proof materials to avoid explosions and leakage. Gas cylinder carrier
have a mountable cage for placing the cylinder in it. Shock proof tyres with large grips are provide to transport it
in different terrain and a base slide is provided to transport it through steps and steep regions. The total material
is shock proof and is easier for transport in any regions.

Brief description.
Gas cylinder carrier can hold the gas cylinder in its cage by just placing it by side and laying it in the cage. It has
a firm grip for the shock proof support. It can be carried by the support of wheels and a handle bar given with the
cage mounted. When at steps and steeps wheels can be clipped up and the sliding bar can be used to slide the
steps and steeps for east transport. While at the destination we can easily unmount and keep the gas cylinder
position to the placing part and clip off the firm grip. Now slowly up the cage with the use of handle
provided and we can easilyplace the gas cylinder in desired location with ease.

Sketch
 Advantages.
* It is the easier way of transport.
* Shock proof transport.
* Faster method for transport.
* Explosion friendly as it is transported using shock proof carrier.

Disadvantages.
*Slight difficulty in placing the gas cylinder to the carrier.
*Transport through steeps and steps may take effort according to the construction and terrain.
*Slight difficulty in placing at desired location.

Proposed design.
Gas cylinder carrier consists of a shock proof cage. A handle for the transport friendly and four giand
wheels with high grips to provide shock proof transport and a sliding bar at the base to carry in steps and
steep regions. The cage ismounted with a lid and has a firm grip to close and tight the cage.

Conclusion.
The design for the easy transport and carry of gascylinder carrier is designed successfully.

9. Design modification for headset with microphone

1.1 ABOUT

TECHNOLOGY:
A headset combines a headphone with a microphone. Headsets are made with either a single-
earpiece (mono) or a double-earpiece (mono to both ears or stereo). Headsets provide the
equivalent functionality of a telephone handset but with hands free operation . They have many uses
including in call centers and other telephone-intensive jobs and for anybody wishing to have both
hands free during a telephone conversation.

SCIENCE:
Headsets are available in single-earpiece and double-earpiece designs. Single-earpiece headsets
are known as monaural headsets. Double-earpiece headsets may support stereo sound, or use the
same audio channel for both ear-pieces. Monaural headsets free up one ear, allowing interaction
with others and awareness of surroundings. Telephone headsets are monaural, even for double-
earpiece designs, because telephone offers only single-channel input and output. For computer or
other audio applications, where the sources offer two- channel output, stereo headsets are the norm;
use of a headset instead of headphones allows use for communications (usually monaural) in
addition to listening to stereo sources.
Engineering:
Headphones use various types of transducer to convert electrical signals to sound. The electrical
sound signal is applied to the electrodes creating an electrical field; depending on the polarity of
this field, the diaphragm is drawn towards one of the plates. Air is forced through the perforations;
combined with a continuously changing electrical signal driving the membrane, a sound wave is
generated.

Problem statement:
Design a model of head set which adds more value to it

Design functions:
 Quality sound
 Used more than a gadget
 More durable
Design constraints:
 Wireless headphones with increased range of clear transmission
 Provides an acoustically-tight seal for superior sound isolation , deep bass sound and tight
response
 Direct sound delivering ear pads with comfortable ends
 Voice controlled headsets

Modified design:
 Connectivity by Wi-Fi and nfc rather than Bluetooth
 Voice commanding
 Ambience mode which provides amplification of outside important noises like horns of
vehicleswhile traveling without much noise.
 Internal storages should be provided
10. Design a device to cut trees with minimal man power

INTRODUCTION:
 Tree pruning is necessary to produce and maintain healthy, aesthetically pleasing
plants. Accomplishing this objective requires proper methods, techniques, and
tooling.
 Trees easily become a safety hazard. Trees those are not properly trimmed and
pruned can result in limbs falling on an individual; cause property damage; or, land
on electricalwires.
 Trimming branches that obstruct street signs reduces the risk of accidents and
injuries. Not trimming branches interfering with power lines increases the likelihood
of poweroutages and fires.
 Branches that are broken unintentionally by weather often produce large tree wounds
that also increase the likelihood of structural damage to a tree.

OBJECTIVE:
1. To design and fabricate portable tree branch cutting machine which is used to
cut treebranches with less human effort and efficiently
2. To design a machine that cuts small and tall tree branches grown below the
electricalwire line of KEB poses the electrical short circuit and other safety
problems
3. To design the machine which cuts around 50mm thick tree branch at a height
of 3 to4m from the ground
4. The machine to be designed contains the following specifications:
a. It requires Circular saw
b. 7000rpm Motor
c. 6.5Ah Lead Dry charged Battery

DESIGN FUNCTION:
This machine finds the most suitable applications in general field as well as KEB
applications for cutting tree branches. It consists of a small motor, rotary cutting
blade, long metallic pipe and a dry battery with switch box. This machine is portable
and can be carriedeasily to the point of application.
The metallic pipe is telescopic aluminum/steel pipe which can be adjusted for 3 to 4m long for
reaching up to branches of tall trees. Motor is mounted on one end (i.e top end) of the pipe to which
circular saw blade is attached which cuts the tree branches. On the other end battery is attached along
with switch box to operate the equipment. The battery is rechargeable lead dry charge battery which
serves as the power source for the operation.
Here the pole is lifted near the tree branch to be trimmed using both hands at a comfortable position.
Using on/off switch, saw blade along with motor mounted on the pole cuts the tree branches of
approximately 50mm diameter quickly and efficiently.

Drafting of main assembly

Improvements to the Tree Pole Pruner would be to primarily develop a more ergonomic design by
lowering weight yet increasing the blade diameter for trimming of largerbranches. Decreasing the
overall weight would increase maneuverability as well as the force required to operate the device.
Increasing blade diameter would enable a larger cut depth, allowing the operator to cut larger
branches. However, more time would be necessary to develop a schematic that allows the two
improvements to occur simultaneously.

DESIGN CONSTRAINS:
 The person, who cuts the tree, should be able to carry it while climbing to the
top.
 It should reduce sound pollution.

APPLICATIONS:
1. To cut tree branches disturbing electrical wire line of KEB
2. Roadside tree trimming.
3. Can also be used for general tree trimming in public applications.
4. It can also be used for fruit pruning.

CONCLUSION:

The results obtained are good under the working conditions. It fulfills the objectives of our project.
The completed model can be successfully applied for the practical purpose. It also overcomes the
problems occurred with manually operated cutting machines. This equipment runs with low power
consumption.
The model designed and fabricated is a very compact one, gives a good result of cutting a tree branch
in a stipulated time, cost effective and portable. Power stored in a battery is sufficient for 2hrs of
operation.
11.To help physically challenging people by improving the functionality and
design of passenger seat of a car so that they can easily enter and sit inside
thecar.

Project Statement:
The present design of a wheel chair should be modified to enable it to enter a car.

Design Functions:
 The user should be able to move around independently.
 The wheelchair should be able to enter a car.
 Height and inclination of the seat should be adjustable.
 Speed of motion is adjustable.

Design Constraints:
 Consistent level of comfort during entire period of usage.
 It shouldn’t slip during the entry/exit in the car.
 Cost of manufacture should be reduced but there should not be any compromise with the quality of
materials used.

Modified Design:
 The left hand rest has a kepad consisting of 3 keys, one for controlling the height of the seat, one for
adjusting the slope of a backrest, and one to unleash the folded ramp.
 The joystick arrangment in the right hand restis for controlling the wheelchair motion.
 The folded ramp is normally folded upward beneath the seat. When unfolded, the wheelchair can
transverse over the ramp with the help of additional wheel and chair drive arrangement.
 Once the task is complete, the drive button can fold back the ramp.
 To avoid slipping, wheels are provided with good traction.

Design Space:
12. Step Climbing Wheelchair

Problem statement:
The people with physical disability not only have less living space, but also the quality of life
is seriously affected and it also brings big burden to their family. Wheelchair as a means of
transport tool plays an important role in the life of those people who are old and disabled.
With the society paying more attention to the benefits of elderly and disabled people, barrier
free facilities as well as the elevator has been widely popularized, common wheelchairs can
easily access many places, but when the user face stairs which often poses as obstacles,
people can only step back, even though with the assistance from others, it is still very difficult
to overcome these obstacles, which is inconvenient for those people who use wheelchairs. So
most of the time these disabled or elderly people can only stay at home, and lack of activities
outside may influence on their physiology and psychology. An optimized economically viable
wheelchair is to be designed to solve this issue.

Note: In this section don’t repeat the question, the problem statement should be
explained as above.

Introduction:
Autonomy in the area of mobility has always been highly valued, but is sometimes impaired by some
form of disability.In many cases this results inreliance o nsome form of external transport
mechanism. In this regard traditional wheelchairs and powered wheelchairs continue
.............................................
to play a vital role. However wheelchairs to date provide a high level of mobility only in
..............................................
artificial or “barrier free” environments. There remains a significant gap between the obstacle
...............................................
negotiating ability of a wheelchair and that of the average able bodied person. This aspect is
.............................................
perhaps most apparent when considering stair-climbing. While modern architecture and new
.................................................
policies continue to make newly built areas as “accessible” as possible to persons with a wide
.....................................................
variety of disabilities steps will always be a reality in the “real world”.
Objectives of design:
1. Impart step climbing functionality to wheelchairs
2. Simplify the design of step climbing wheelchair and make it more economical
3. The wheelchair should be comfortable for people through ergonomic design
4. High human risk factor should be considered to reduce accidents
5. Seat belt should be provided
6. Back-lock mechanism should be included to avoid sudden step downing of wheelchair
7. An extra pocket should be provided for carrying personal stuffs
8. It should be modular design to increase transportability of the wheelchair
9. Electric motor should be provided to mechanise the system with hand controls
Note: Drawing an objective tree will be more attractive
Constrains of design:
1. It should be economical since poor people can’t afford high cost
2. Weight of the wheelchair should be limited within human comfort level
3. Size of the wheel chair should be within the limitation of modern building door size
4. Material should withstand loading with a factor of safety 3
5. Design that cause any human safety risk should be eliminated
Sketch

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHAIR

Frame dimensions at base = 38 x 38 cm
Frame dimensions at back = 38 x 38 cm
Length of hand rest = 23 cm
Total height of the wheelchair = 77 cm
Width of the wheelchair = 61 cm
Height of the legs = 46 cm

Radius of the spokes = 31 cm

Diameter of the wheels = 9.5 cm

Average height of the steps = 13 cm

KTUweb.com
 ..............................................
Note: Simple diagram can be constructed for any complicated designs, but the components.
Should be labeled properly and if you give details about dimensions it will be appreciated.(It may
not be exact, you can formulate dimensions with common sense)

.................................................
Explanation for the solution:
.....................................................
The commercially available wheelchair for amputees doesn’t have the functionality for
climbing staircases. In our project we have designed a manually operated wheel chair that can
travel in both plane terrains and also in the staircases. Instead of using normal wheels, in our
project we have used penta wheel. The steel rod is penta shaped and each rod is equally
inclined of 72° from each other. At the time of climbing, one wheel that is the idle wheel will be
in contact with the ground and another wheel will be in contact with the stair. The process
continues and the motion takes place only when we pull the wheel chair backwards towards the
staircase. This design can be folded by means of lather materials used for seatingarrangements.
Advantages of Design:
1. Above design is optimized with minimum number of components and hence it ishighly
economical when comparing with other designs available in market
2. This wheelchair is fully mechanised so it will reduce the human effort and supportpeople with
disabilities
3. The penta wheel chair system has self-locking ability so it will avoid the suddenreturn of wheel
chair
4. This ergonomically designed wheelchair can be operated by differently abled peoplewithout
any bystanders
5. This design is portable by means of modular design; hence it canbe transported easily.

Limitations of Design:
1. People with high body weight may not be good with this wheelchair
2. Stairs with high inclinations and curvy turns will make issues for this design
3. Continuous operation may leads to failure of wheelchair, since this designis
not highly reliable