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IP Addressing Subnetting Notes

The document provides an overview of IP addressing, detailing IPv4 and IPv6 formats, their classes, and subnetting techniques. It explains the structure of IP addresses, subnet masks, and how subnetting divides networks for better management. Additionally, it introduces CIDR notation for efficient IP address representation.

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Tazmeen Afroz
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10 views3 pages

IP Addressing Subnetting Notes

The document provides an overview of IP addressing, detailing IPv4 and IPv6 formats, their classes, and subnetting techniques. It explains the structure of IP addresses, subnet masks, and how subnetting divides networks for better management. Additionally, it introduces CIDR notation for efficient IP address representation.

Uploaded by

Tazmeen Afroz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comprehensive Notes: IP Addressing, Classes, and Subnetting

1. Introduction to IP Addressing

An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network. It identifies the host and

its location on the network.

2. IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4)

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1). Total = 2^32 = 4,294,967,296

addresses.

Classes:

Class A: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 (2^7 networks, ~2^24 hosts)

Class B: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 (2^14 networks, ~2^16 hosts)

Class C: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 (2^21 networks, ~2^8 hosts)

Class D: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 (Multicast)

Class E: 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 (Experimental)

3. IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6)

IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses in hexadecimal (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334). Total = 2^128

addresses.

No concept of classes; hierarchical; supports IPsec, auto-configuration.

4. Subnet Mask in IPv4

A subnet mask separates the network and host portions of an IP address.

Examples:
Comprehensive Notes: IP Addressing, Classes, and Subnetting

Class A: 255.0.0.0

Class B: 255.255.0.0

Class C: 255.255.255.0

Used to define subnet boundaries, improve IP management and security.

5. Subnetting (IPv4)

Subnetting divides a large network into smaller subnets. Helps manage IPs, reduce broadcast domains.

6. Calculating Subnets and Hosts

Given: IP 192.168.1.0, Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 (/26)

Subnet Mask in binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

Subnets: 2^2 = 4

Hosts per Subnet: 2^6 - 2 = 62

Subnet Ranges:

192.168.1.0/26 to 192.168.1.63

192.168.1.64/26 to 192.168.1.127, etc.

7. How Subnet Masks Work

Routers use a bitwise AND between the IP and subnet mask to find the network address.

Example:

IP: 192.168.1.130 = 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000010

Mask: 255.255.255.192 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

AND: 192.168.1.128 (Network Address)


Comprehensive Notes: IP Addressing, Classes, and Subnetting

8. CIDR Notation

CIDR uses slash notation to indicate network bits: /24, /26, etc.

/24 = 255.255.255.0 (254 hosts), /30 = 255.255.255.252 (2 hosts).

9. Summary Table

IPv4: 32-bit, decimal, class-based, 2^32 addresses

IPv6: 128-bit, hexadecimal, classless, 2^128 addresses

Subnetting enables efficient IP use, routing, and security.

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