CHN Lecture 1 - August 25, 2022 WHAT IS HEALTH?
● is considered as the goal of public health in
Overview of Public Health Nursing in the general and or community health nursing in
Philippines particular.
Global Health situation ● Health has been defined as a state of
Public health systems are operating within the context complete physical, mental and social well-
of ongoing changes, which exert a number of being and not merely the absence of disease
pressures on the public health systems. These or infirmity (WHO, 1995)
changes are: ● A quality of life, involving social, emotional,
1. Shifts in demographic and epidemiologic mental, spiritual, and biological fitness on the
trends in diseases, including emergence and part of the individual, results from adaptations
re-emergence of diseases to the environment. (Butler, 2001)
2. New technologies for health care, ● Florence Nightingale looked into health and
communication and information illness in relation to the environment-
3. Existing and emerging environmental hazards ventilation, noise, light, cleanliness, diet, and
some associated with globalization restful bed.
4. Health reforms ● A state characterized by soundness and
● MDGs (2015) wholeness of human structures and bodily
● SDGs (2030) and mental functions. (Orem, 1985)
Philippines has experienced considerable WHAT IS NURSING?
improvements in its health status for the past 50 years, ● Assisting sick individuals to become healthy
yet it has shown a decline as shown in poor and healthy individuals achieve optimum
performance in reducing infant and maternal mortality. wellness.
Experiencing "epidemiologic shift"; contending with ● The art of nursing is demonstrated by nurses
both communicable disease and non-communicable, who can maintain the delicate balance
chronic lifestyle-related diseases. between doing things for their clients and
● Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA) doing things with them, thus co-creating a
● FOURmula ONE better or more meaningful reality.
● Universal Health Coverage ● Nursing is also a science, which means that
● National Objectives for Health community health nurses should use practice
● Philippine Health Agenda based and evidence-based methods and
tools.
What is community?
● A group of People with common PUBLIC HEALTH
characteristics or interacts living together ● Public Health is defined by WHO as "the art of
within a territory applying science in the context of politics so
as to reduce inequalities in health while
CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMMUNITY ensuring the best health for the greatest
1. URBAN - increased in population, industrial-type number"
of work ● Focus: to improve and promote the health
2. RURAL - decreased in population, agricultural- and welfare of the citizens.
type of work ● is the science and art of preventing disease,
3. RURBAN - a combination of rural and urban prolonging life, promoting health and
4. SUBURBAN - periphery around the urban areas efficiency through organized community effort
5. METROPOLITAN - expanding urban area for the sanitation of the environment, control
of communicable diseases, the education of
individuals in personal hygiene, the
organization of medical and nursing services
for the diagnosis and preventive treatment of
disease, and the development of the social
machinery to ensure everyone a standard of
living adequate for the maintenance of health,
so organizing these benefits as to enable
every citizen to realize his birthright of health environment and its impact on people's
and longevity. by Dr. C.E. Winslow health.
● Ruth B. Freeman define it as a service
Objectives of Public Health (Improving Health) rendered by a professional nurse with
● The World Health Organization recognizes communities, group, families, individuals at
the main objectives of public health initiatives home, in health centers, in clinics, in schools,
to be: in places of work for the promotion of health,
● To assess and monitor the health of prevention of illness, care of the sick at home
communities and populations at risk so as and rehabilitation.
to identify health problems and priorities. ● Focus: The primary goal of community health
● To formulate public policies designed to nursing is to help a community protect and
solve local and national health problems and preserve the health of its members, while the
priorities. secondary goal is to promote self-care among
● To assure that all populations have access individuals and families. ... Community-based
to cost-effective and appropriate care, nursing applies to all nurses who practice
which includes health promotion and disease outside the hospital.
prevention services
What is Community Health Nursing?
What is Public Health Nursing A synthesis of nursing knowledge and
● WHO defined Public Health Nursing "special practice and the science and practice of public health,
field of nursing that combines the skills of implemented via a systematic use of the nursing
nursing, public health and some phases of process and other processes to promote health and
social assistance and functions as part of the prevent illness in population groups. (Clark, 2008)
total public health program for the promotion
of health, the improvement of the conditions 4 Levels of Clientele
in the social and physical environment, ● Individuals
rehabilitation of illness and disability." ● Family
● Focus: The primary focus of public health ● Population Group
nursing is to promote health and prevent ● Community
disease for entire population groups. This
may include assisting and providing care to WHAT ARETHE FOUR ASPECTS OF
individual members of the population. COMMUNITY?
1. SOCIAL- communication and interaction of
Roles of Public Health Nursing the people
● Public health nursing is caring for individuals, 2. CULTURAL - norms, values, and beliefs of
families and communities toward health the people
promotion and disease prevention. 3. POLITICAL- governance and leadership of
● Mobilizes family and community for self-help the people
in health care. 4. GEOGRAPHICAL- boundaries of the
● Provides emotional support for patient and community.
family.
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNITY
What is Community Health? A. People B. Eight (8) Subsystem
● The WHO defines Community Health as: 1. Housing
environmental, social, and economic 2. Education
resources to sustain emotional and physical 3. Fire and Safety
well-being among people in ways that 4. Politics and Environment
advance their aspirations and satisfy their 5. Health
needs in their unique environment. 6. Communication
● Focus: Community health is a branch of 7. Economics
public health that focuses on people and their 8. Recreation
role as determinants of their own and other
people's health in contrast to environmental
health which focuses on the physical
Standard of Public Health Nursing in the III. Supervision
Philippines A. The PHN supervises midwives within her catchment
• are the expression of our professional area in accordance with the agency's policies and
autonomy, responsibility, and accountability. in a manner that improves performance and job
Thus, they are the core of our continuing efforts to satisfaction.
provide quality nursing care and services. 1. The PHN formulates a supervisory plan.
• The standards of Public Health Nursing in the 2. The PHN conducts supervisory visits to
Philippines were developed by National League implement the supervisory plan.
of Philippine Government Nurses (NLPGN) in 3. The PHN regularly monitors and evaluates
2005. midwives' and nursing auxiliaries'
performance in the implementation of public
I. Organization and Management health programs.
● A nursing service is organized in a local health 4. The PHN initiates and participates in activities
agency to ensure the effective delivery of to promote his/her supervisees' personal and
nursing services and nursing component of professional growth.
public health programs. 5. The PHIN initiates and participates in
● The nursing service is headed by a qualified developing policies and guidelines that
chief nurse (RA 9173) nurse. promote good performance in nursing and
● The nursing services has a written vision, midwifery services.
mission, philosophy, goals and objectives.
● The nursing service formulates/reviews and IV. Interdisciplinary andIntersectoral Collaboration
implements the nursing service plan, manual A. The PHN establishes linkages and collaborative
of policies and nursing standards. relationships with other health professionals,
government agencies, the private sector
II. Qualifications and Functions of the PHN (businesses), non-government organizations and
A. The PHN has the professional personal and other people's organizations to address the
qualifications that are appropriate to her/his job community's health problems.
responsibilities B. The PHN collaborates with other health care
● Graduate of BSN and a RN providers, professionals, and community
● Has the following personal qualities and representatives in assessing, planning,
professional competencies implementing, and evaluating programs for
● Good physical and mental health community health.
● Interest and willingness to
work in the community V. Nursing Process
● Capacity and ability to A. The PHN establishes a working relationship to
● Relate and practice with the ongoing ensure good quality data and to facilitate on
community health and health-related enhanced partnership in addressing identified
activities health needs and problems.
● Work cooperatively with other disciplines and B. The PHN systematically collects data that are
members of the community Accept and take appropriate and accurate.
actions needed to improve self and service ● Collects data on the individual, family and
● Analyze combination of factors and conditions community
that influence health of populations Apply ● Uses different data collection methods and
nursing process in meeting the health and sources such as surveys, qualitative
nursing needs of the community interviews, observation and review of
● Mobilize resources in the community C. The records and reports
PHN, in coordination with the faculty of the ● Ensures community participation
colleges of nursing, participates in teaching, in data gathering
guidance, and supervision of students in ● Records data collected in appropriate forms
nursing and midwifery for their RLE in the and files them in a manner that facilitates
community setting. retrieval.
C. The PHN recognizes the broad impact of certain
B. The PHN participates in the conduct of research and factors on the client's health and nursing problems
utilizes research findings in his/her nursing practice. such as political climate, financial capability,
values and culture, and their readiness or E. The PHN maintains links and collaboration with
willingness to do something about their problems. other professional nurses and nursing groups to
D. The PHN analyzes data collected about the strengthen her/his nursing practice.
community, family and individual to determine the F. The PHN maintains links and collaboration with
diagnoses. government agencies and non-government
E. The PHN formulates a nursing/community organizations (including political, community and
diagnosis. religious groups)
F. The PHN develops jointly with a client a nursing G. The PHN conducts/facilitates in various training
care plan or program plan for the priority nursing activities for public health nurses, midwives,
problems. barangay health workers, nursing aides and
G. The PHN implements the nursing care volunteers.
plan/program plan to promote, maintain or restore H. Determinants of Health
health, to prevent illness, to effect rehabilitation
and to improve the capability of clients. Factors that make people healthy or not
H. The PHN evaluates the responses of her/his 1. Income and social status
clients to interventions in order to revise data 2. Education
base, diagnoses and plan, and to formulate 3. Physical environment and coping skills
recommendations. 4. Employment and working conditions
5. Social support network
VI. Health Promotion and Health Education 6. Culture
A. The PHN recognizes the kale of health lifestyle in 7. Genetics
the prevention of a number of health problems and 8. Personal behavior
integrates health lifestyle in the different health 9. Health services
programs. 10.Gender
B. The PHN plans, conducts, evaluates health
promotion and health education activities Eco-system influence optimum level of
properly. functioning
C. The PHN demonstrates knowledge and skills on: POLITICAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC
• how to advocate for public health policy • Safety • Employment
• creating supportive environments • Oppression • Education
• strengthening community action • People • Housing
• developing client's personal skills • Empowerment
D. The PHN actively works to build capacity for ENVIRONMENT HEALTH CARE
health promotion among midwives, volunteer
• Air Food DELIVERY SYSTEM
health workers and community partners.
• Water waste • Promotive
• Urban/Rural • Preventive
VII. Demonstrating Professional Responsibility
• Noise • Curative
and Accountability
• Radiation • Rehabilitative
A. The PHN recognizes that her/his personal
attitudes, beliefs, assumptions, feelings, and • Pollution
values about health have potential effects on BEHAVIORAL/ HEREDITY
her/his professional actions and interventions. LIFESTYLE • Generic
B. The PHN accepts accountability for her/his actions • Culture • Empowerment
and engages in nursing practice that is ethical, • Habits • Defects
safe, acceptable and evidence-based. • Mores • Strengths
C. The PHN protects her/his professional autonomy, • Ethic Customs • Risks
assumes responsibility for professional • Familial
development and contribute to the professional • Ethic
development of others. • Racial
D. The PHN institutes changes/improvements in
service delivery and management of health facility
to improve client's access and use of public health
nursing services.
Roles and responsibilities of a Community Health NURSING CORE VALUES
Nurse INTEGRITY:
● Advocate ● respecting the dignity and moral
● Supervisor wholeness of every person without conditions
● Counselor or
● Educator limitations;
● Trainer DIVERSITY:
● Clinician ● affirming the uniqueness of and
differences among persons, ideas, values
and
ethnicities;
EXCELLENCE:
● co creating and implementing transformative
strategies with daring ingenuity.
