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55 views20 pagesBasic Counting of Principles P
The document discusses the Basic Counting Principle and its applications in counting various combinations and permutations. It provides examples of how to calculate the number of ways to arrange items, answer questions, and perform tasks using systematic methods like tree diagrams. Additionally, it covers permutations with restrictions and factorial notation, illustrating how to determine arrangements under specific conditions.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views20 pagesBasic Counting of Principles P
The document discusses the Basic Counting Principle and its applications in counting various combinations and permutations. It provides examples of how to calculate the number of ways to arrange items, answer questions, and perform tasks using systematic methods like tree diagrams. Additionally, it covers permutations with restrictions and factorial notation, illustrating how to determine arrangements under specific conditions.
Uploaded by
YasirCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 20
13.1 The Basic Counting Principle
a list of the items to count. It would be more “iffy
not have @ list of the items or when the number of items is large. In yi
Counting is easy when you have
when you do h
chapter, we shall leam more efficient ways of counting.
Consider the following example.
Sltocntpaisofpantasstown, UPA EP AP PAL
In how many different ways can he match his shirt and pants? We can use a tree diagram
ties as shown below.
to systematically list the various possil
MUATELIELI TIL
With the sibilities ¢] :
aiead pasties clearly listed, we can count the number of ways he can match hs
can actually have a different look that with just 5 shirts and 3 pairs of pants, Kiam 1”)
after use, of course.) each day for more than 2 weeks! (If he washes te"
Kian Lui has to decide which shirt and pair 0 Led
an be performed in 5 ways: TH
fo we ie we = of deciding which shirt
eS “brahahest ¢ 5 rq
isto decide which pet’ the frst evel of our enrbee hee ieageam. His 0
that inthe second level, each nt’ © M&A": This can be performed in 3 ways and 8
Hence ther » each shirt has 3 fur _ es’ because of i 7
re are 5 rther “branches* because of the 3 pairs oP”
X3=15 w,
YS Of performi 7
296 Permutations and Combi Pesforming the two tasks in succession
ions
Scanned with CamScanner
(illite his illustrates the Basic (or Fundamentaty ¢,
al) Counting Prine
if Principle:
If task A can be performed j
in m way:
be performed in n ways, th ™ ways, followed by task B which can
performed in (m x 2) way;
en task A followed by task B can be
malt To find the number of ways of
Fin be performed, iply the numbers of ways in which each task
ight by a surprise test which consists of 4 true-or-
tions. Illustrate on a tree diagram the possible ways in
aie scan answer all the questions purely by guesswork. Hence
ice the number of possible answers for a 10-question test
Ga: He can answer the Ist question in 2 ways, that is, true (T) or
false (F).
He can also answer the 2nd question in 2 ways and so forth.
his possible answers are:
false qu
which he
Ist question: t r
ge et tis,
2nd question: T F T F
“™" AA AAAAAA
T FT FT FT FT FT FT FT F
Using the basic counting principle, we see that there are
4th question:
2x 2% 2x2 = 16 possible ways.
Hence for 10 questions, there are
= 1024 possible answers
imma” In how many ways can Amy, Bernard and Carol arrange
in
‘i 2
themselves in a queue:
Gr Let us use 3 boxes (0 represent the 3 places in the queue.
et us use 3
place) can be filled in 3 ways, i.e. by any of the
The Ist box (or
3 persons.
Permutations and Combinations 297
Scanned with CamScanner ‘The 2nd box can be filled in 2 ways, 1e- by any of the 2 Femi
e 5
persons.
The 3rd box will go tot
So, we have c 3 zr] 1
ing principle,
ements is 3X 2x 1 = 6,
the last person.
By the basie count
the number of arrangs
Can you work out the 6 possible arrangements of these 3 people using a tree diapramy
a
1. A coin is tossed 3 times. Each toss results in a head or a tail. Find the number of
possible outcomes (results) for the 3 tosses. Illustrate these outcomes on a tree
diagram,
A quiz on the topic of Gnotosrulb consists of 5 multiple-choice questions. Each
question has four choices, of which one is the correct answer. In how many ways
can Sally, who is totally unfamiliar with this topic, answer all the questions?
3. There are 3 feeder bus services plying to and from the nearby town centre. Joe can
ride on one of these services or walk to the town centre. However, he decides that
‘on his way back, he will ride on one of these services. In how many ways can he
go to the town centre and be back?
4. Find the number of ways to arrange in a row
(a) 5 people, (b) 6 people.
5. Claire has to do the following during her lunch break: take lunch, post a letter, go
to the bank, buy the afternoon papers. In how many ways can she do all these?
6. Six men and five women are available to form a mixed doubles pair for a tennis
match. How many pairs are possible?
7. Three friends decide to have dinner together and then go shopping. Five restaurants
are proposed for the dinner and four nearby shoppi s are suggested. How
many possibilities are there? peeNSe ping eeniaes ater EE
8. A big company classifies ity employe
and employment type
‘cording to sex, age-group (6 div
(10 categories), How 1 any classifications are there?
9. Ata restaurant, a complete dinner meal consist
dessert and a beverage, The cl 5
course are oe of h he choices for the appetizer are soup or juice; for the mai
s Foca atk oF lambs; for the dessert are Cherries Jubilee, Fres*
Peach Cobbler, Chocolate ‘Truffle c
coffee, tea oF milk, How many sgh 0" Blueberry Rolypoly; for the beverss®
meals are possible?
of an appetizer, a main cours,
PW Many complete dinne
10. Eight people have
been shortli (i
Eight | shortliste i
interviewer see thei ee for an inte
‘ the
vie . 3 can
10 one after anothony jew. In how many way:
298 Permutations and Combinations
Scanned with CamScanner 13.2 Permutations
ample 2. The 6 possible
Recall Ex: arrangements of the 3 persons (using
~ 7 their initials) are:
ABC ACB BAC BCA CAB cpBaA jials) are:
‘These arrangements are also called permutations
; A permutation is
vs in a definite order. To permute obje Permutation is an arrangement of
abje et is to arta
them in a certain order,
Extending Example 2, the number of permutations of §
thats would be 8X 7X 6% 5x4 3% 251 different (or distinguishable)
Aneater way of writing this long string of numbers is 8! (read as 8 factorial).
Hence we have: \
The number of permutations of n different objects is
nt = n(n - Win -2)x...x3x2x1
Note: (1) n factorial, nl = n(n - In -2)x...x3x2x1
=n(n-1)!
(2) How should we define 0! so that the above result would still hold?
(3) Factorials can be evaluated on a scientific calculator.
Find the total number of different permutations of all the letters of
"the word SMART.
Gi Notice that all the letters are different.
the total number of permutations = 5!
= 120
Cz In how many ways can 9 different books be arranged on a shelf?
-tampther book is added, what isthe total number of permurations?
Gia The number of ways = 9!
; = 362 880
With the addition of the 10th book,
the total number of permutations = 10!
10 x 9!
3 628 800
wont
Permutation of r objects from n different objects
he permutation, We shall now
re ised in U
of the given objects.
Examples 3 and 4, all of the given obje'
consi : me
ler permutations which use only 8 saath
Permutations whi Permutations and Combination’ 299
Scanned with CamScanner For a school concert, 6 items are proposed. Only 4 items will
y put - at the concert. How many permutations of 4 Concert ie
are there?”
es to represent the 4 concert items,
Gk Let us use 4 bow
[ |]
i.e. any Of the 6 proposes
For the Ist item, there are 6 choic
items. an
‘The 2nd item can be any of the 5 remaining items,
‘The 3rd item can be any of the 4 remaining items.
The 4th item can be any of the 3 remaining items.
So. we have
6 3 4 a
and the number of permutations is 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 = 360,
We say that the number of permutations of 4 from 6 is “Ps where
"Ps=6X5X4X
ese
4 factors
Using the factorial notation, we have
“Pi =6xX5K4x3
= 6x5x4x3x 2x1
Similarly,
"P, = nnn -2)x...x (n= #1)
= n= Win 2)x..x (=r n= Aln— r= 1) x... X2XT
(n-rin-r-1x x2xt
am
In general, the number of permutations of r objects from n different objects ©
Pes n(n ~ Win ~2)x...x (nr 4 1) ee
SE Xe en AD
r factors
onl
“=r ie
Note: (1) If your calculator ¢:
‘annot evaluate "P, resull.
2) Whenr=n.we haven directly, use the above
(3) When r= 0, we have *p,
300 Permutations and Combinay
tations
4
Scanned with CamScanner — Find the number of 5-lettey Permutations
i that can be forme
ts in the word SINGAPORE: an be formed from
the lette:
Notice that all the 9 letters are different
the number of permut
ati sie
9 letters is fons of 5 letters from the given
"Ps = 15 120
A club
‘ has four officials: President, vice-president, secretary and
. ry
surer. If a member cannot hold more than one office. in how
many ways can the officials be elected if the club has
(a) 12 members, (b) 16 members?
Since a member cannot hold more than one office, there will be
4 people in the committee.
(a) The number of possible committees is "P, = 11 880
(b) The number of possible committees is “P, = 43 680
Permutations with Restrictions
Often there are restrictions on how the objects are to be arranged. With this type of
problems, we settle the restrictions first and apply the basic counting principle.
Example 8
Calculate how many different 5-digit numbers can be formed from
the eight digits 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. 8. 9 used without repetition.
How many of these S-digit numbers are
(a) less than 40.000, (b) even?
‘There are *P, = 6720 different 5-digit numbers
(a) For the number to be less than 40 000, the Ist digit must be
a) F
1 or 3.
led in 2 ways:
So, the Ist box ( Hed
Jigit) can be fil
C the remaining 7 digits in
sits can come fron
‘The other 4 digi
1p, ways
Hence by the
fof such numbers
» principle,
asic counting. Prim
: 2x 'P, = 1680
ie nun ast digit must be 4, 6 0F 8,
orto
For the number
(b) For t o aye (0
So, there are ~
pe even, he
: fill the Last bow
Permutations and Combinations wt
Scanned with CamScanner ‘phe okher 4 digits can come from the remaining 7 digi,
'p, ways.
basic counting principle.
Hence by the a
s = 3x 'P, = 2520
the number of such number:
Find the number of permutations of all the letters in the worg
HISTORY.
Find the number of these
(a) the letters O and R are together,
(b) the letters O and R are not together.
permutations in which
‘The number of permutations of the 7 different letters = 7! = 5040,
(a) To ensure that O and R are together, we gather them together
to form one block. Within this block, the 2 letters can be
permuted in 2! way
This block with the remaining 5 letters form 6 objects which
can be permuted in 6! ways.
Hence by the basic counting principle,
the number of such permutations
(b) The number of permutations in which O and R are not together
= total number of permutations without restrictions
— the number of permutations with O and R together
5040 - 1440
3600
_ 4 boys and 5 girls are to form a line. In how many ways can this
be done? Find also, the number of permutations in which
(a) the first two are girls,
(b) the first is a boy and the last is a girl,
(©) the boys are together, _
(@) no two girls stand next to each other.
Without any restriction, the 9 people can be permuted in
9! = 362 880 ways,
(a) If la ” .
MS a place must go to a girl, it can be filled by any of
The 2nd place can be filled by any of the other 4 gitls
‘Thus far, we have
GET a
the
302 Permutations and Combinations
Scanned with CamScanner The remaining 7 people
the places in 7! ways
‘an then be permuted in the rest of
Hence by the basie counting principle,
the number of such permutations = 5 x 4x 7!
= 100 800
Alternatively,
the first 2
th aces can be filled by 2 girls from the 5
P, ways and so we have ‘P,x 7! = 100 800, as belore,
h) The Ist place can be filled by any of the 4 boys.
The last place goes to any of the 5 girls,
‘Thus far, we have
z [TT] 5
‘The remaining 7 people can then be permuted in the rest of
the places in 7! ways.
Hence by the basic counting prineipl
the number of such permutations = 4x 3.x 7!
= 100 800
(c) To ensure the boys are together, we gather them together to
form one block. Within this block, these 4 boys can be
permuted in 4! ways :
This block and the 5 girls then form 6 objects which can be
permuted in 6! ways.
Hence the number of such permutations = 4! x 6!
= 17 280
(d) If no two girls are together, the positions of the 5 girls relative
to the 4 boys must be as follows:
GBGBGBGBG
be permuted in their postions in 5! ways.
in their positions
The boys can be permuted in their positon’ © as
Hence the number of such periraions x
= 2880
If no two boys
(a) hold good?
1 the letters of the word
i
Find the total number of ferent Pe ONDARY.
® sim »)
PLY /
: Permutations cand Combinations wa
‘The girls can
ch other, would our answer in
1d next 10 ea
State your reason.
Scanned with CamScanner w
1.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
|. Ina particular division of
. There are five finalist
. Four students go to dinner and order a hamburg
Find the total number of different 4-digit numbers using all the digits in the
DUMber
4129,
. The following duties need to be carried out: clean the board, arrange the tables,
sweep the floor and clear the waste paper basket. Find ee Of Ways gj
assigning these duties to students, given that each student will perform only ys
duty.
occer league. there are 9 teams. How many differen
are possible? Assume that there are no ties,
end-of-the-season ranking
at an oratorical competition. In how many ways can they by
arranged to give their speeches?
a fish burger, a cheeseburger ang
a beef burger (one burger for each), When the waitress returns with the food, she
forgets which student orders which item and simply places a burger before each
student. In how many ways can the waitress do this?
. Without using a calculator, evaluate
! 8! 10!
® F © & © aur
Simplify
(m- 1)! {n!
@ Go © Wy0cF
Without using a calculator, evaluate
(@) "Ps, (b) “Ps, () “Ps.
In a Mathematics class with 30 students, the teacher wants 2 different students to
Present the solutions to problems 3 and 5 on the board. In how many ways can the
teacher assign the problems?
A shelf will hold only seven books. Given that 11 different books are available,
find the number of different arrangements that can be made to fill the shelf.
In how many ways can a judge award first,
with 9 participants?
In a survey, 10 characteristics of a teacher
order of importance which 4 of these ch:
many possible responses are there?
How many five-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and9 if
no digit may be repeated?
2 actors and 8 actresses are available for a play which requires 3 male roles and 4
female roles. Find the number of different Possible cast lists.
In how many ways can 3 boys and 2
ways can they line up if a
second and third prizes in a contest
are listed. You are asked to indicate in
aracteristics make a good teacher. How
nd 2 girls line up for a group picture? In how mat
boy is to be at each end?
A race has a first prize, a second prize and a third Prize. 8 runners enter this rae
first, second and third runners in order of met
Mei Fong and Evelyn are 2 of the
8 runners, Fi ’ ways it
which the prizes could be won if ers. Find the number of different way
neither of them wins a prize.
304 Permutations and Combinations
Scanned with CamScanner prian. Cheryl, Danny and Eric went
. AMY: " : to a concel
1s AM sil when they sit in five advent co i Mt. How many arrangement
a : ‘ eats i y Ss
Wy Erie insists on sitting next to Cheryl?
aa
(hy Brian refuses to sit next to Danny?
gach of 7 children. in turn, throws a ball once
ways the children can be arranged in order to
Given that 3 of the children are girls and 4 are
the children can be arranged in order that
(a) successive throws are made by boys and girls
(by agirl takes the first throw and a boy takes the
at a target. Calculate the number of
take the throws.
boys, calculate the number of ways
alternately,
last throw, (C)
yn. Calculate the number of arrangements of the letters of the word INCLUDE if
(a) all the consonants are together. -
(b)_no two consonants are together,
(c) each arrangement begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel. (Cc)
21. How many numbers between 2000 and 5000 can be made from the digits 1. 2. 4.
5,7 and 8 if each digit is used only once?
Atan art exhibition 7 paintings are to be hung in a row along one wall. Find the
number of possible arrangements. Given that 3 paintings are by the same artist,
find the number of arrangements in which
(a) these 3 paintings are hung side by side.
(b)_ any one of these paintings is hung at the beginning of the row but neither of
the other 2 is hung at the end of the row. (OC)
2%. Calculate the total number of different permutations of all the letters A, B. C.D. E,
F when
(a) there are no restrictions,
(b) the letters A and B are to be adjacent to one another,
(©). the first letter is A, B or © and the last letter is D, EorF. ()
24, 9 different books are to be arranged on a book-shelf. 4 of these books were writen
by Shakespeare, 2 by Dickens and 3 by Conrad. How many possible permutations
are there if.
(a) the books by Conrad must be next 10 each altel
(b) the books by Dickens are separated from each ©
(©) the books by Conrad are separated from each ON"
‘ect is important, let us tum our
Mavi i dor of each object is important,
Ne studi ations where the order b eae
Attention to a ion aa combination is ay selection of objects where of
combinations.
objects is i ‘ concern):
is en concern .
ts is immaterial (of no and CAB are considered as the
and realise that both contain
k ations ABC
io) Sxample, the different (ordered) pane ene retters
nee Combination when we disregard the Orde
ame ,
three letters Permutations and Combinations 305
Scanned with CamScanner i
people, P. 2.8 and S. We have jg
Ht thy
it
2 people from 4
Consider the permutations of 2 people
there are “P) = 12 such permutations.
But if we consider the number of Par mutatiane
handshakes between any 2 0F thes? | (order important)
4 people, it does not matter whether
P shakes Q's hand or Q shakes P's
hand, it is counted as only 1
handshake. Observe that the order
of P and Q is not important here. In
such a situation, we are interested in
the number of combinations, not
permutations.
Using the letter C for combination, we have:
The number of combinations of r objects from 1 different objects is "C.,
Can you see from the table above that *P)= 4Cx 2! 7
In general, to permute r objects Irom n different objects, we could first select the r objecs
in "C, ways and then arrange these r objects in r! ways
Hence:
Cxn =
Note: Some scientific
result.
Ga A committee of 5 members is to be selected from 6 seniors and+
Juniors. Find the number of ways in which this can be done if
(a) there are no restrictio S,
(b) the committee has exactly 3 seniors,
(©) the committee has at least | junior.
alculators can evaluate "C, directly. Otherwise, use the above
Gre Observe that the ittee 8
: ‘a order of er $i committee '8
important, the members in the commi
(a) If there are no restriction
’ an be sl
from the 10 people in "Cy
. the 5 members ¢:
= 252 ways.
(b) IF the e .
) He Committee has exactly 3 seniors, these seniors
ected from the 6 seniors in "C, way, -
mm walys ich ca
selected! it’ 2 members: must then be juniors which &
* “ Tom the 4 juniors in 4c, ways.
asic Counting. pri 2 #
the counting principle, is
Humber of commitices with exactly 3 seniors *
Cx "C= 120,
306 Permutations and Combinations
4
Scanned with CamScanner (c) Number of .
un fomMMittees with no junior (Le. all
seniors) = 'C,x °C, = .e. all S members are
So, the i
vine number of committees with at least I junior
‘al number of committees — number of committees
252-6 With no junior
Without using a calculator, evaluate °C, and
nt
@-nin
(a) evaluate "C, and "C, ,
(b) find "C, and “C, in terms of n,
(o) prove that "C,="C,_,-
3. Ina soccer league consisting of twelve sides, each team plays every other team
once. How many matches are there?
2, Using the result"C,
4. Aclub has 14 members. It has to send a delegation of 5 members to represent them
at a particular event. Find the number of possible delegations.
5. Atthe library, Peter found 6 books of interest but he can only borrow 4 books. How
many possible selections can he make?
6 The second section of a Mathematics paper contains 7 questions and a candidate
must answer any 4 questions. In how many ways can the 4 questions be chosen
(without regard to order)? 3 points lie on the same
i i arked such that no
8. Seven points lie on a circle. How many triangles can be drawn using any 3 of these
Points as vertices?
9. A group of 4 adults and 3 children are
How many possible groups are there?
are to be formed from & adults and 5 children.
feature 3 classics, 4 contemporary novels
ard. How many selections can she make
‘and 4 non-fiction books?
10. To promote reading, a teacher decides to
and 2 non-fiction books on a notice Bo:
from 5 classics, 6 contemporary novels
Calculate the number of ways in which 4 5
(a) 5 children can be divided into grouP® off -ang
i s of Sand 4.
(b) 9 children can be divided into grourt of 5 and
uw.
shildren can be divided into groups
* ways in which 9 children can
Hence calculate the number of ways I" (Cc)
12, ore anil 4 10 students volunteer to do some ing up at
For a community service POC arge wants to split then Tho 3 groups. One
prick otk Shama Ode ie to clean the rooms: another group of a ie 7 2
soup will consist of OP ‘of 2 students (0 sweep the corridors,
lean the toilets; the las
i vin form the gCOUPS:
uni aoe eacher in-charge ea 3
=“ Permutations and Combinations 307
Scanned with CamScanner the Secretary and 8 other members. The club i
ives to a conference. Calculate the number of
an be formed if it must contain
A club contains the President.
a group of 4 represent
~ asked to send
different ways in which the group ¢
(a) both the President and the Secretary. Ch
(b) either the President or the Secretary. but not both.
A particular firm has 6 vacancies to fill from 15 applicants. Calculate the number
of ways in which these vacancies could be filled if there are no restrictions,
‘The firm decides that 3 of the 6 vacancies shall be filled by women and 3 by men
The applicants consist of 7 women and 8 men. Calculate the number of ways jn
which the 6 vacancies could be filled under these conditions.
One of the 7 women is the wife of one of the 8 men. Calculate the number of ways
in which 3 women and 3 men could fill these 6 vacancies, given that both the wife
and her husband are among those appointed. (C)
15. A delegation of 4 people is to be selected from 5 women and 6 men, Find the
number of possible delegations if
(a) there are no restrictions, (b) there is at least | woman,
(c) there are at least 2 women.
One of the men cannot get along with one of the women. Find the number of
delegations which include this particular man or woman, but not both.
16. club has 10 members, of whom 6 are men and 4 are women. A team of 4
is selected to play in a match. Find the number of different ways of
selecting the team if
(a) all the players are to be of the same sex,
(b) there must be an equal number of men and women.
Given that the 6 men include 2 brothers, find the total number of ways in which the
team can be selected if either of the brothers, but not both, must be included. (C)
17. Five different letters are chosen from the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, land J. Find
the number of choices. ov ‘
How many of these choices contain
7 (a) exactly 3 consonants, (b)_no vowel, (c) at least one vowel?
An art gallery has a total of 11 paintings by a particular artist; of these, 5 are oil
spect nite thisantat Paintings. The art gallery is asked to provi !
§ iS artist's i eo : «stings:
Caleulate the number of wey work but is restricted to showing only 5 paintings:
Calais th in which the 5 paintings can be selected for the
(a) there are no restrictions,
(b) one particular painting must be included
(d) th
(d) there must be more watercolour paintings than oil paintings, i
308 Permutations and Combinations
Scanned with CamScanner =n(n~1)in—2)x_, 3x2
uh Wx x |
n!=n(n-1)!
*
3. Permutations and combinations
(a) Without restrictions
1 different objects
Permutation Combination
b (ordered) (unordered)
‘
E
Permute all n objects Permute only r objects Select only r objects
' n nt c=!
(nt) ( wa) ( c=)
(b) With restrictions
Settle the restrictions first and apply the basic counting principle.
2 Mathematics books, 4 Science books and 3 Literature books are
to be arranged on a shelf. In how many ways can this be done it
(a) there are no restrictions?
(b) the 2 Mathematics books are not together?
{e)_ books of the same subject must be placed next fo one another?
If of these 9 books are to be transferred and arranged on another
shelf, in how many n this be done if the first and last
books on this shelf are Literature books?
(b) We s! all first find the number of w
Mathematics:
us E
Miseatlan:
=9!
162 880.
in which the 2
books are together:
Gather these 2 books together to form one block.
within ti these 2 books can be permuted in 2! ways.
Fie block and the other 7 books then form 8 objects which
can be permuted in 8! way’
Permutations and Combinations 309
Scanned with CamScanner Weert 15
ex
310 Permutations and Combinay
tions
(c)
ch arral
in WI
362 880 — 80 640
= 282 240
So, the number of SU
number of W:
not together
the same subject together, This ry
be arranged in 3! way: sults
f 2 Mathematics. boo
We gather books of
3 blocks which can
Within the block of
permutations. .
Within the block of 4 Science books. there are +! permutation
Within the block of 3 Literature books, there are y
permutations.
Hence by the basic counting principle.
the required number of ways = 3! x 2! x 4! x 3!
= 1728
5 books are to go to another shelf.
“The Ist place can be filled by any of the 3 Literature books
The last place can be filled by any of the reminia
2 Literature books.
Thus far, we have
eT Tt
The remaining 3 places can be filled by 3 of the rmsiité
7 books in “P, ways
. the required number of ways = 3 x 2 x 'P;
= 1260
A committee of 5 members are to be formed from 5 anal
couples. Find the number of committees if
(a) the selection is random (ie. there are no restticti¢")
(b) @ particular couple is in the committee.
() there are more men than women. ,
e nee
(®) Note that there are 10 people (& men and 5 Wo™™
married c% itl
ca unit 5 of these people are to be in Ne
