Introduction to C Programming Language C ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ
اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
1 ++ -- ~ ! unary (prefix) Right-to-left
2 */ % multiplicative Left-to-right
3 + - additive Left-to-right
4 << >> shift Left-to-right
5 < <= > >= relational Left-to-right
6 != == equality Left-to-right
7 & bitwise AND Left-to-right
8 ^ bitwise XOR Left-to-right
9 | bitwise OR Left-to-right
10 && logical AND Left-to-right
11 || logical OR Left-to-right
= *= /= %= += -= >>= <<= &= ^=
13 assignment Right-to-left
|=
14 , comma Left-to-right
(Skeletal of Programs in C) C اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ:اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
.C ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻻي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ، C ﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ
Program 1 اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
/* my first program in C */ C is Good Language
#include <stdio.h>
main ( )
{
printf ( "C is Good Language" ) ;
}
Program 2 اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
#include <stdio.h> 5–2=3
main ( )
{
int a, b ;
float result ;
a=5;
b=2;
result = a – b ;
printf ( "%d - %d = %f" ,a ,b ,result) ;
}
10 ﺻﻔﺤﺔ University of Baghdad-College of Science- Department of Mathematics Email : m.albahadeli@yahoo.com
Introduction to C Programming Language ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ C
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﯿﻦ اﻋﻼه،ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻻن ﺷﺮح ھﯿﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ، Cﺣﯿﺚ أن ھﺬه اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ :
) (2.1اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت )(Comments
وھﻲ ﺟﻤﻞ اﯾﻀﺎﺣﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺘﺴﮭﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ واﻋﺎدة ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ أو ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻠ ﮫ ﻣ ﻦ ﻃ ﺮف اﻟﻤﺒ ﺮﻣﺞ أو اﻻﺧ ﺮﯾﻦ .وھ ﺬه اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻘ ﺎت
ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ،وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧ ﺎﻣﺞ،وﻻ ﯾﻜ ﻮن ﻟﮭ ﺎ أي ﺗ ﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧ ﺎﻣﺞ ،ﻻن ﻣﺘ ﺮﺟﻢ اﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ
ﯾﺘﺠﺎھﻠُﮭﺎ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ .
/* Comment Statement */ اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ :
ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ھﺬه اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه اﻟﻰ ﻣ ﺎﯾﻠﻲ :اذا ﻛ ﺎن ﻟ ﺪﯾﻨﺎ أﻛﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﻄﺮ ﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿ ﻖ ﻓﯿﺠ ﺐ وﺿ ﻊ اﻟﺮﻣ ﺰ) * ( /ﻓ ﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾ ﺔ اﻟﺴ ﻄﺮ
اﻻول ﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﺮﻣﺰ) ( */ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻻﺧﯿﺮ ﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ .
ﻣﺜﺎل )-: (2.1.1
1. /* first program in C Language */
2. /* This Program calculate the Average
of n numbers using C Language */
) (2.2اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮭﺎت )(Directives
اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ ھﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ادراج ﻣﻠﻒ ﻋﻨﻮان رأﺳﻲ) (Header Fileﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ،ﺣﯿﺚ أن ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ C
واﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﯾﻌﺎزات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻗﺒ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺮﺟﻢ اﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ.ﻣ ﻦ ھ ﺬه اﻟﻤﻠﻔ ﺎت )(stdio
واﻟ ﺬي ﯾﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻋﺒ ﺎرات اﻻﺧ ﺎل واﻻﺧ ﺮاج واﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿ ﺎت اﻟﺤﺴ ﺎﺑﯿﺔ ،وھ ﺬه اﻟﻤﻠ ﻒ ﯾﺠ ﺐ ادراﺟ ﮫ ﺿ ﻤﻦ ﺟﻤﯿ ﻊ ﺑ ﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ ،Cاﻟﻤﻠ ﻒ اﻻﺧ ﺮ ھ ﻮ
) (mathواﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪوال اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺔ) اﻟﺪوال اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﯿﺔ ،اﻟ ﺪوال اﻟﻠﻮﻏﺎرﺗﯿﻤﯿ ﺔ ،اﻟ ﺪوال اﻻﺳ ﯿﺔ .(.....،وﻛ ﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﻮﺟ ﺪ اﻟﻌﺪﯾ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔ ﺎت واﻟﺘ ﻲ
ﺳﻮف ﻧﺘﻄﺮق ﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻼﺣﻘﮫ.
> #include< File_Name.h اﻣﺎ اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ ھﻲ -:
ﺣﯿﺚ
: File_Nameﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ.
> Example: - (1) #include< stdio.h
> (2) #include< math.h
) (2.3اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ) ((Main Function) main
وھﻲ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ،وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ، C
اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
) (main
{
; Program Body
}
ﺣﯿﺚ Program bodyﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ أو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ.
) (2.4إدﺧﺎل وإﺧﺮاج اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت )(Input/Output Data
) (1اﻻدﺧﺎل ) -:راﺟﻊ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات( ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أﻧﮫ ﺗﻢ أﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ )=( ﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻗﯿﻢ ﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات ،وھﺬا ﻻ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻠﻚ
اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻻ ﺑﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ اﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ .ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﯾُﻔﻀﻞ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻈ ﻢ اﻟﺒ ﺮاﻣﺞ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام داﻟ ﺔ اﻻدﺧ ﺎل ) ( scanfواﻟﻤﻮﺟ ﻮدة
ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 11 University of Baghdad-College of Science- Department of Mathematics Email : m.albahadeli@yahoo.com
Introduction to C Programming Language ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ C
ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ،stdio.hوھﺬه اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﯿﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ وﺗﺨﺼﺼﮭﺎ ﻻﺳﻤﺎء ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮات ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧ ﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﯿﻤ ﺎ
ﺑﻌﺪ .
; ) scanf ( "Format" , &Variable_Name اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻻدﺧﺎل ھﻲ:
ﺣﯿﺚ : Formatﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﯾﺔ داﻟﺔ اﻻدﺧﺎل .اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻔﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺄدﺧﺎل اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت.
اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ
ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ %d
ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ %f
ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺤﺮف %c
ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ %s
ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺪون اﺷﺎرة %u
ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ %o
ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ %x
ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة اﻻﺳﯿﺔ %e
; )scanf("%f" , &x ﻣﺜﺎل) -: (2.4.1ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ :
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ،ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮاً أدﺧﺎل ﻋﺪد ﺣﻘﯿﻘ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﯿ ﺮ xﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﯾ ﻖ وﺳ ﯿﻠﺔ اﻻدﺧ ﺎل ﻟﻮﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔ ﺎﺗﯿﺢ،ﺛ ﻢ ﺗﺨ ﺰن ﺗﻠ ﻚ
اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ xاﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة .
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ) -:(2.4.2اذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ،ﻓﺄﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ) ( scanfﻻدﺧﺎل اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات.وﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ
;) scanf ( "Format" , &Variable_1,&Variable_2,&Variable_3, … ,& Variable_n
; )scanf("%d%f%f%c" , &a,&b,&c,&op ﻣﺜﺎل) -: (2.4.3ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ :
) (2اﻻﺧﺮاج -:ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ) ( printfﻻﺧﺮاج اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ وﺣﺪة اﻻﺧﺮاج اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ)اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ( ،وھﺬه اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺟ ﻮدة ﺿ ﻤﻦ ﻣﻠ ﻒ اﻟﻌﻨ ﻮان
. stdio.h
اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﮭﺬة اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ھﻲ :
) printf( " Format ",arg_1,arg_2,..., arg_n ;
ﺣﯿﺚ
: Formatﺗﻌﻨ ﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻒ اﻻزم ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋ ﺔ،واﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺘﻀ ﻤﻦ ﻋﺒ ﺎرات اﻻﺧ ﺮاج اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺒﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺴ ﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺎﻧ ﺎت،وﻛ ﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺘﻀ ﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻔﺎت
اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ واﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺘﻮﺻﯿﻔﺎت داﻟﺔ اﻻدﺧﺎل ) (. scanf
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ) -:(2.4.3اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺠﯿﺪ ھﻮ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎﺗﮫ ﻣﻨﺴﻘﺔ وذات ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺟﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت.
أﻣﺎ : arg_1, arg_2, arg_3, ….. ,arg_nﻓﮭﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ،وھ ﻲ اﺧﺘﺼ ﺎر ﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻻدﻟ ﺔ) (Argumentsوﯾﻤﻜ ﻦ أن ﺗﻜ ﻮن
ھﺬه اﻻدﻟﺔ ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ ﻋﺪدﯾﺔ أو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع )اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ – اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ –اﻟﺤﺮﻓﻲ( اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ،وﻋﻠ ﻰ أن ﺗﻔﺼ ﻞ اﻻدﻟ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ
ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ .
ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 12 University of Baghdad-College of Science- Department of Mathematics Email : m.albahadeli@yahoo.com
Introduction to C Programming Language ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ C
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ) -:(2.4.4ھﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ،ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎً )رﻣﻮز اﻟﮭﺮوب( ،و اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ داﻟﺔ اﻻﺧﺮاج ) ( printfﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ
ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت أو اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ،وھﺬه اﻟﺮﻣﻮز ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻔﺎت) (Formatأو ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺼ ﻮرة
ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة ﻓﯿﺠﺐ وﺿﻌﮭﺎ داﺧﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺰدوﺟﺔ)" "( وھﻲ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻲ :
اﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه اﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه
\n اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻰ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ \f اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة
\r اﻟﺒﺪء ﻣﻦ أول اﻟﺴﻄﺮ \a اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺮس
\b اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ \\ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﺮف
اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺼﯿﺺ
\t '\
اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة
ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺼﯿﺺ
"\
اﻟﻤﺰدوﺟﺔ
ﻣﺜﺎل)-: (2.4.5
Program اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
>#include <stdio.h Hello World! I'm a C program
) ( main
{
;)" !printf ("Hello World
; )"printf ("I'm a C program
}
ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﺎل أن اﻟﺘﻔﯿﺬ ﻗﺪ أﻇﮭﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎرﺗﯿﻦ ﺑﺴﻄﺮ واﺣﺪ ،وھﺬا ﺗﻨﺴﯿﻖ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺟﯿ ﺪ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋ ﺔ اذ اﻧﻨ ﺎ ﻧﺮﯾ ﺪ ﻃﺒﺎﻋ ﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻋﺒ ﺎرة ﺑﺴ ﻄﺮ
واﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻻﺧﺮ ،ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻮف ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺮﻣﻮز \nﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻐﺮض .
Program اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
>#include <stdio.h !Hello World
) ( main I'm a C program
{
;)" printf ("Hello World!\n
; )"printf ("I'm a C program
}
ﻣﺜﺎل) -:(2.4.6أﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﺎً ﻟﺤﺴﺎب وﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ وﻣﺤﯿﻂ داﺋﺮة ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮھﺎ . r =5.2
Program اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
/* calculate area and circumference */ The Area of circle =84.948663
>#include <stdio.h The Circumference of circle =32.672563
)( main
{
; const double PI=3.1415926
;float r=5.2
; double area ,circumference
; area = PI * r * r
; circumference = 2 * PI * r
; ) printf("The Area of circle =%f" ,area
; )printf("\n The Circumference of circle =%f",circumference
}
ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 13 University of Baghdad-College of Science- Department of Mathematics Email : m.albahadeli@yahoo.com
Introduction to C Programming Language C ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ
. ﺛﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب وﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ وﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ، اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻻدﺧﺎل اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻌﺮض ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ ﻣﺎ-:(2.4.7)ﻣﺜﺎل
Program اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
#include <stdio.h> Length= 20
main() Width= 15
{ Perimeter is 70
int length, width ; Area is 300
int perimeter, area ;
printf("Length =") ;
scanf("%d",&length) ;
printf("\n Width =") ;
scanf("%d",&width) ;
perimeter = 2*(length+width) ;
area = length*width ;
printf("Perimeter is %d " ,perimeter) ;
printf("\n Area is %d", area) ;
}
. وﺣﺴﺎب وﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ،( 77 82 69 95 ) أﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﺎً ﻟﻘﺮاءة درﺟﺎت ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻮاد-:(2.4.8)ﻣﺜﺎل
Program اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
#include <stdio.h> Enter Four Degrees : 77 82 69 95
main() The Average of Student is 80.75
{
int d1, d2, d3, d4, sum = 0 ;
float average ;
printf("Enter Four Degree : ") ;
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&d1,&d2,&d3,&d4) ;
sum =(d1+d2+d3+d4) ;
average = sum/4 ;
printf("\n") ;
printf("The Average of Student is %f ", average ) ;
}
: ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أﻋﺎدة اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻋﻼه ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻻﺗﻲ، داﺋﻤﺎ ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات، اﻟﻤﺒﺮﻣﺞ اﻟﺠﯿﺪ-:(2.4.9)ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ
Program اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
#include <stdio.h> Enter Four Degrees : 77 82 69 95
main() The Average of Student is 80.75
{
int d1, d2, d3, d4 ;
cout << "Enter Four Degree : " ;
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&d1,&d2,&d3,&d4) ;
printf("\n The Average of Student is %f " << (d1+d2+d3+d4)/4 ;
}
14 ﺻﻔﺤﺔ University of Baghdad-College of Science- Department of Mathematics Email : m.albahadeli@yahoo.com
Introduction to C Programming Language ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ C
ﺗﻤﺎرﯾﻦ ) اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ -: 1أﻃﺒﻊ أﺳﻤﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻻول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺔ اﻟﯿﺴﺮى،وأﻃﺒﻊ ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﻚ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ،ﺛﻢ أﻃﺒﻊ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ
ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ.
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ -: 2أﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﺎً ﯾﻘﺮأ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﻔﮭﺮﻧﮭﺎﯾﺘﯿﺔ ،ﺛﻢ ﯾﻄﺒﻌﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎً اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )C = ( F – 32
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ -: 3أﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﺎً ﻻدﺧﺎل ﻗﯿﻢ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات ، x , y , z , wوﺣﺴﺎب وﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺎﺗﻲ :
=A = 2) B
ﺗﻤ ﺮﯾﻦ -: 4أﻛﺘ ﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠ ﺎً ﻟﻘ ﺮاءة اﻟﻌﺠﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘ ﺔ Aواﻟ ﺰﻣﻦ ، Tﺛ ﻢ أﺣﺴ ﺐ وأﻃﺒ ﻊ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺎﻓﺔ Dواﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ ، Vاذا ﻋﻠﻤ ﺖ أن
D=0.5Aوأن اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ ھﻲ . V=AT
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ -: 5ﺗﺘﺒﻊ واﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :
Program
>#include <stdio.h
) ( main
{
; short a,b,c
; short d,e
; d=e=30
; a=4
; b=--a+1
; c=++a + b++
;) printf( "A=%d \t B=%d \t C=%d\n",a,b,c
; c+=--a + --b
; )a=b=c-(a*b
; d/=a+b
; e=e/a +b
; )printf( "\n D=%d \t E=%f" ,d,e
}
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ -: 6أﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﺎً ﻻدﺧﺎل اﻟﺠﻨﺲ) (Sexوﻓﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺪم ﻟﺰوﺟﯿﻦ ،وأﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻲ
SEX BLOOD SPECIES
M A+
F O+
ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 15 University of Baghdad-College of Science- Department of Mathematics Email : m.albahadeli@yahoo.com
