Q1 a) Virtualization is the creation of a virtual version of something, such as an operating system,
server, storage device, or network resources. Type 1 Hypervisors (bare-metal) run directly on the
hardware. Examples include VMware ESXi and Microsoft Hyper-V. Type 2 Hypervisors (hosted) run
on a host OS. Examples include VirtualBox and VMware Workstation.
Q1 b) Virtual clustering involves creating a cluster of virtual machines (VMs) that work together as a
single system. It enhances availability, scalability, and reliability. Load balancing and failover
mechanisms ensure seamless operation even when one VM fails.
Q1 c) In cloud computing, virtualization abstracts physical hardware to allow multiple virtual
environments. It enhances resource utilization, reduces costs, and improves scalability.
Q2 a) Applications of virtualization include server consolidation, development/testing, and disaster
recovery. Pitfalls include performance overhead, complexity, and potential security issues.
Q2 b) Network virtualization abstracts network resources to create logical networks. Storage
virtualization pools physical storage from multiple devices into a single resource. Both improve
efficiency and manageability.
Q2 c) Virtual machine migration is moving a VM from one host to another. Live migration occurs
without downtime, typically used for load balancing and maintenance.
Q3 a) AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a cloud platform offering services like EC2 (compute), S3
(storage), RDS (database), and Lambda (serverless computing).
Q3 b) Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) offers scalable storage for data backup and archiving.
EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud.
Q3 c) SQL Azure is a cloud-based relational database by Microsoft, offering high availability,
scalability, and built-in intelligence for performance tuning.
Q4 a) Google App Engine is a PaaS for developing and hosting web applications. Installation steps
include signing up for GCP, creating a project, installing SDK, writing app.yaml, deploying via
gcloud.
Q4 b) Amazon Dynamo is a NoSQL database service with a distributed architecture. It uses
partitions and replicas to ensure availability and scalability.
Q4 c) Dynamo DB is a NoSQL database with low-latency data access. Amazon S3 is an object
storage service. DynamoDB is for structured data; S3 is for unstructured data.
Q5 a) Confidentiality ensures data privacy, Integrity ensures data accuracy, and Availability ensures
reliable access to data. Together, they form the CIA triad of cloud security.
Q5 b) Types of risks include data breaches, insecure APIs, account hijacking, data loss, and service
traffic hijacking.
Q5 c) Secure cloud software testing involves vulnerability assessment, penetration testing, code
analysis, and compliance checks.
Q6 a) Cloud security services include Identity and Access Management (IAM), encryption, firewall,
intrusion detection/prevention, and compliance auditing.
Q6 b) Content level security ensures only authorized access to content using methods like DRM,
watermarking, and encryption.
Q6 c) Server-side encryption secures data at rest on servers, while client-side encryption encrypts
data before uploading. Client-side offers more control to users.
Q7 a) Mobile cloud computing allows mobile devices to leverage cloud resources, enhancing
storage, processing, and battery life. It enables real-time data sync and collaboration.
Q7 b) Docker is a containerization platform. Its architecture includes Docker Engine, Docker Images,
Containers, and Docker Hub. It isolates applications for consistency and scalability.
Q7 c) IoT and cloud in smart homes allow automation, remote monitoring, and control via cloud
platforms. Data from devices is stored, processed, and analyzed in the cloud.
Q8 a) Energy-aware cloud computing optimizes energy use through techniques like VM
consolidation, power-efficient hardware, and scheduling algorithms.
Q8 b) Containers package applications with dependencies. Kubernetes manages containerized
apps at scale using pods, nodes, and clusters.
Q8 c) Distributed cloud computing spreads cloud services across multiple geographic locations to
reduce latency, enhance compliance, and improve performance.
