NERC PRC-029-1
IBR Ride-Through Design Evaluations
Ryan Quint, PhD, PE, President and CEO, Elevate
Amin Banaie, PhD, Senior Engineer, Elevate
June 2025
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This presentation is intended solely for informational purposes
Disclaimer only and does not constitute legal or regulatory advice.
Attendees should refer to the official NERC standards and
consult qualified professionals for guidance specific to their
organization or situation. The views expressed herein are
those of the presenters and do not necessarily reflect the
views of NERC, any regulatory authority, or affiliated
organizations.
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Submit questions and comments via the
1 Questions panel at anytime during the
webinar. Questions will be answered at the
1 end of the session.
2
How to use your 23 Download the handout from today’s webinar:
Webinar Panel: 2
Including the presentation slides
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Speaker Introductions
Amar Patel Dr. Ryan Quint Dr. Amin Banaie
Product Manager, President and CEO, Senior Engineer,
Siemens, PSS®E Elevate Energy Consulting Elevate Energy Consulting
Dr. Jay Senthil Dr. Feng Dong Dr. Krishnat Patil
Senior Engineer, Senior Engineer, Senior Engineer,
Siemens, PSS®E Siemens, PSS®E Siemens, PSS®E
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Poll Questions #1 and #2
1. What sparked your curiosity about today’s topic?
2. Which best describes your usage of PSS®E?
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Essential Ride-through System Dynamic
Reliability performance strength stability
Services Frequency Ramping
Balancing Voltage
The ability of a generator
(or power plant) to withstand System Fault
Grid
short-term grid disturbances and damping current
forming
continue to reliably operate support injection
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Generator Ride-Through
Power Plant
Controller
Point of Connection Point of
(POC) Point of Measurement Interconnection (POI)
(POM)
G
Equivalent Generator
Collector System Tie Line
Equivalent Equivalent Main Power
(if applicable)
Inverters/ Pad-Mounted Transformer
Turbines Transformer
Shunt
Compensation
Key Design Evaluation Questions
1 | Do the components of the IBR plant reliably ride through the applicable grid disturbance conditions?
2 | Does the IBR plant provide performance characteristics that align with the standard and support reliability?
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NERC Disturbance Reports
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Generator Ride-Through Concept
• Milestone 1: Submission of Order No. 901 Work Plan (January 2024)
• Milestone 2: Filing of Standards to Address Performance Requirements and Post-Event Performance Validation for
Registered IBRs (Submitted to FERC November 2024)
• Milestone 3: Filing of Standards to Address Data Sharing and Model Validation for all IBRs
(in progress – due to FERC by November 4, 2025)
• Milestone 4: Filing of Standards to Address Planning and Operational Studies Requirements for all IBRs
(details TBD – due to FERC by November 4, 2026)
Milestone 1 Milestone 2 Milestone 3 Milestone 4
Order 901 Work Plan PRC-028,-029,-030 Modeling Standards Revisions Planning and Operational
Studies for IBRs
Jan 2024 Nov 2024 Nov 2025 Nov 2026
PRC-028,-030 Awaiting PRC-029 Revisions to MOD-026, MOD-032,
Approved Approval Direction TOP-003, IRO-010, MOD-033
Source: NERC IBR Quick Reference Guide
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Overview of PRC-029-1
Background, Requirements and Measures
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Background: Relevant Standards
PRC-024-2 PRC-024-3 PRC-024-41 PRC-029-11
Inactive Subject to enforcement Filed and pending regulatory Filed and pending regulatory
approval approval
BES generators BES generators BES Synchronous generators, BES inverter-based resources
type 1 and type 2 wind (IBRs) including Type 3 and 4
resources, and synchronous wind, solar PV, battery energy
condensers storage; Category 2 IBRs
Frequency and voltage protective Frequency and voltage To assure that protections do To ensure ride-through and
relay settings to remain protection settings to remain not cause tripping during dynamic response to support
connected connected and in support of the defined frequency and voltage the BPS during and after defined
BES excursions in support of the frequency and voltage
BPS excursions
1 Filed and Pending Regulatory Approval
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PRC-029-1 Implementation Plan (As Submitted)
Effective Date
PRC-029-1 and Ride-Through Definition effective on first day of first calendar quarter twelve months
after the effective date of applicable governmental authority (FERC) order approving the standard.
Requirements R1, R2, and R3
Design Evaluation Operational Performance
BES IBRs: Shall comply with portions of requirements relating to
BES and Applicable Non-BES IBRs: Not required to comply with
design of BES IBR plant to meet the requirements by the effective
portions of requirements relating to operation of IBRs to meet the
date of the standard.
requirements until entity has established required disturbance
monitoring equipment capabilities in accordance with
Applicable Non-BES IBRs (Cat 2): Not required to comply with
implementation plan for PRC-028-1.
portions of requirements relating to design of non-BES IBRs plant
until later of: January 1, 2027, or the effective date of standard
Requirement R4
Design Evaluation
BES IBRs: Shall comply with Requirement R4 for their BES IBRs by the effective date of the standard.
Applicable Non-BES IBRs: Not required to comply with R4 until the later of: January 1, 2027, or the effective date of the standard.
Source: NERC PRC-029 Implementation Plan
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Requirement R1
Ensure the design and operation is such that each IBR meets or exceeds ride-through
requirements in Attachment 1, with defined exceptions
Exceptions 1.4
1.2
• IBR disconnects to clear fault
• Voltage outside accepted hardware 1
Voltage [pu]
limitation (R4) 0.8
• Phase angle change more than 25 deg
0.6
(initiated by non-fault switching event)
• V/Hz exceed 1.1 per unit for longer than 45 0.4
sec or exceed 1.8 pu for longer than 2 sec 0.2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pay attention to the notes in Time [s]
Attachment 1 for details regarding
test setup and results analysis! All Other IBR AC-Connected Wind IBR
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Requirement R2
Performance during voltage excursions
2.1 2.2 2.3
Within continuous Within mandatory Within permissive
operation region operation region operation region
1 Deliver pre-disturbance active 1 Exchange current up to max 1 Follow 2.2, unless current
power (or available power) capability to provide voltage blocking (i.e., momentary
support, during both symmetrical cessation) needed to avoid
and asymmetrical voltage tripping
2 Deliver reactive power according disturbances
to controller and up to limits
3 If 0.90 ≤ V < 0.95 and reaching a 2 Reactive power priority by default, 2 If entered current blocking, restart
current limit, prioritize real or active power priority if required by current exchange within five
reactive power TP/PC/RC/TO cycles of voltage returning to
continuous or mandatory
operation region
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Requirement R2
2.4 2.5
High voltage thresholds Restore active power
and time durations output to pre-disturbance
Not itself cause voltage at the high-side of the main power Restore active power output to pre-disturbance (or
transformer to exceed the applicable high voltage available power level) within 1.0 second when the voltage
thresholds and time durations in its response as voltage returns to the continuous operation region from other ride-
recovers from the mandatory or permissive operation through regions
regions to the continuous operation region
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Requirement R3
Ensure the design and operation is such that each IBR meets or exceeds frequency ride-through require-
ments in Attachment 2 (when absolute ROCOF magnitude is ≤ 5 Hz/second), unless hardware limitation
Notes 63
May Ride Through Zone
• Frequency measured at high-side of main 62
power transformer
61
• Frequency measured over a period of
Frequency [Hz]
time (typically 3-6 cycles) 60
• Instantaneous or single points of Must Ride Through Zone
measurement may not be used 59
• Time thresholds are cumulative over one or
58
more disturbances within a 10-min period
May Ride Through Zone
57
Pay attention to the notes in 56
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Attachment 2 for details regarding
Time [s]
test setup and results analysis!
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Measures M1-M3
Examples of evidence to demonstrate adherence to R1 may include:
Plant protection settings
Comprehensive review of as-left plant configuration,
protection settings, controls, etc.
Control settings design evaluation
Dynamic simulations Specific simulation test cases to provide ride-through
performance and small and large disturbance dynamic
Studies response characteristics
Retain evidence of actual disturbance monitoring (SER, DDR, FR, etc.)
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Requirement R4
• Limited exemptions may be requested for known hardware limitations of IBRs
in-service by effective date of standard
• Must document the limitation no more than 12 months after effective date
• IBR identifying information
• Which aspects of requirements unable to meet and capability of the hardware due to the limitation
• Identification of specific piece(s) of hardware causing the limitation
• Technical documentation verifying (1) limitation is due to hardware that would need to be physically
replaced to meet criteria, and (2) limitation cannot be remedied by software updates or setting changes
• Information regarding plans to remedy limitation (e.g., estimated date).
• Provide info to PCs, TPs, TOPs, RCs, and the CEA; respond to additional info requests
• Provide copy of acceptance of hardware limitation by CEA to associated PCs, TPs, TOPs, and RCs
• Replacement of hardware causing limitation must document and communicate such change to associated
entities
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Assessment Methodology
Using PSS®E to Assess Compliance with PRC-029-1 Requirements
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Design Evaluation Process
Data Preparation
Model Verification
Checks
Model Config in
PSS®E
Simulations in
PSS®E
Results Analysis
and Compilation
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Data Preparation and Model Checks
Extracting relevant information from the GO/OEM-supplied documents
Protection Ride-Through Model Quality Model Component
Settings Settings Checks Checks
• As-left inverter/WTG • Inverter/WTG technical • MOD-026 report • Aggregated inverter/WTG
settings manual • MOD-027 report model
• As-left relay settings • As-left inverter/WTG • Single-line diagram • Aggregated
• PRC-019 report ride-through settings • Model quality test (MQT) inverter/turbine level
• PRC-024 report • Control narrative report transformer
• Protection philosophy • Model user guide (user- • Equivalent collector
defined models) system
• Shunt compensation
• Main power transformer(s)
(MPT) with tap changer
• Voltage-based protection
of inverter/WTG and plant
relays
• Power plant controller
(PPC)
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Model Configuration in PSS®E
.plb files
.sav/.raw file
.dyr file
.dll file (if UDM)
Feeder protection
HV/substation Inverter/WTG
protection protection
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Example Simulation Scenarios in PSS®E
Requirement(s) Example Simulation Scenario(s) Relevant Document(s)
R1 (Voltage Ride-Through) • Apply VRT curve in Table 1 or Table 2 at POM 1. Inverter/WTG/PPC manual
2. As-left voltage protection settings of
relays/inverter/WTG
3. PRC-24 and PRC-19 reports
R2.1 (Continuous • Apply VRT curve in Table 1 or Table 2 at POM Inverter/WTG/PPC manual
Active/Reactive Power • Apply voltage dip(s) in mandatory or permissive operation
Delivery) regions
R2.2 (Active/Reactive Power • Apply VRT curve in Table 1 or Table 2 at POM Inverter/WTG/PPC manual
Priority) • Apply voltage dip(s) in mandatory operation region
R2.3 (Active/Reactive Power • Apply VRT curve in Table 1 or Table 2 at POM Inverter/WTG/PPC manual
Priority) • Apply voltage dip(s) in permissive operation region
R2.4, R2.5 (Active/Reactive • Apply voltage dip(s) in mandatory or permissive operation Inverter/WTG/PPC manual
Power Recovery) regions
Consecutive Voltage • Apply multiple consecutive voltage dips at POM Inverter/WTG/PPC manual
Disturbance Ride-Through
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R1: Voltage Ride-Through
R2.1: Continuous Active/Reactive Power Delivery
R1 criteria POM Quantities R2.1 criteria
IBR plant successfully rides IBR plant delivers pre-
through all voltage levels (stably disturbance/available active
and with expected dynamic power in continuous operation
response) region.
IBR plant delivers reactive
power within the hardware limits
in continuous operation region.
IBR plant prioritizes
active/reactive power when
voltage is in [0.9, 0.95] pu range
and a limit is reached.
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R2.2 & R2.3: Active/Reactive Power Priority
POC Quantities
Active/
Reactive 𝑃
Current 𝐼𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 =
3𝑉
IEEE 2800-2022 𝑄
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 =
3𝑉
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R2.2 & R2.3: Active/Reactive Power Priority
R2.2 criteria POC Quantities (LVRT) R2.3 criteria
Reactive (by default)/active current Reactive (by default)/active
is prioritized in mandatory operation current is prioritized in
region. permissive operation region.
Current exchange is restarted in
less than 5 cycles if current
blocking mode activated.
POC Quantities (HVRT)
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R2.4 & R2.5: Active/Reactive Power Recovery
R2.4 criteria POM Quantities R2.5 criteria
Reactive power smoothly Active power recovers to pre-
recovers close to pre- disturbance/available level in less
disturbance level. than 1 second.
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R3: Frequency Ride-Through
Considerations:
• For frequency ride-through assessment, one may use curve comparison, no necessarily need simulations
• For ROCOF assessment, refer to documentations from OEMs and verify as-left settings
• R3 is generally met if as-left relays and inverters FRT curves are outside the PRC-029-1 FRT curve AND the plant can ride through ROCOF of
less than 5 Hz/s.
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Consecutive Voltage Disturbance Ride-Through
Considerations:
• Although PSS®E simulations can be run to test, generally not recommended for this assessment
since such protections are typically not modeled.
• Refer to documentation from OEMs and engagement with the OEM to support compliance with this specific requirement.
• Consecutive voltage disturbance ride-through requirement is generally met if the inverters are capable of riding through at least four
consecutive voltage disturbance within a 10-s time window.
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Simulation Automation in PSS®E
Goal
Maximize time that engineers spend on
value-add tasks (e.g., configuring models Running the simulations
and analyzing results) in PSS®E
Extracting data
from .out files
Processing the simulation
results & generating plots
NERC PRC-029-1
Python Script Generating the report and Assessment Report
analyzing the results
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Modelling and Assessment Considerations
Detailed and fast simulation capability, in particular Positive sequence RMS program restricts simulating
verification against ride-through requirements and unbalanced/asymmetrical faults (can leverage OEM-
dynamic response supplied documentation)
Capability of modeling balance of plant (BoP) Limitations in existing modeling practices – BoP
protections modeling, RoCoF, or consecutive voltage ride-through
protections
Standard library models versus user-defined models Positive sequence model limitations and potential
inaccuracies during transients (e.g., recovery analysis)
Positive sequence versus electromagnetic transient Consider upcoming requirements in MOD-026 and
(EMT) simulations other standards – avoid rework!
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Summary and Conclusions
Comprehensive verification of IBR plant as-left Ongoing collaboration with OEMs and adherence to
documentation and IBR models is a necessary first step evolving standards (e.g., IEEE 2800-2022) are essential
in starting a PRC-029-1 design evaluation for meeting both technical and regulatory requirements.
PSS®E can be an effective tool for conducting design Capability to store, retrieve, and analyze IBR plant
evaluations for NERC PRC-029 documentation effectively can save significant time
Comprehensive compliance requires not only PSS®E automation can significantly streamline and
simulation but also documentation from equipment simplify analysis – focus on engineering work!
manufacturers, especially for protections not typically
modeled in PSS®E.
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Poll Questions #3 and #4
3. Would you be interested in a follow-up to learn more about
PSS®E?
4. Did you learn something new about evaluating IBR ride-
through performance and PRC-029 from today’s webinar?
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Ryan Quint, PhD, PE
Questions
President and CEO, Elevate Energy Consulting
&
ryan.quint@elevate.energy
ryan.quint@elevate.energy
Amin Banaie, PhD
Senior Engineer, Elevate Energy Consulting
amin.banaie@elevate.energy
amin.banaie@elevate.energy
Amar Patel
PSS®E Product Manager
amar-patel@siemens.com
Answers
amar-patel@siemens.com
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