Relay co ordination exercise

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 Relay co ordination exercise

• The contactors in series with fuses FS1/FS2 have a maximum breaking capacity of
3kA
• Relay F2 has been set to ensure that the fuse operates prior to the contactor for currents in
excess of this value.

• CT’s for relays F1, F2 and 5 are existing CT’s with 5A secondaries,

• Remaining CT’s are new with 1A secondaries.

• Relay 5 is the property of the supply utility, and is required to be set using an SI characteristic
in order to ensure grading with upstream relays.

Impedance Calculations

• Reactor R1, Zr1 = 4x500/20= 100%

• Cable C1, Zc1= .096x2/5=0.038 Ω

• On a base of 500MVA and 11KV Zc1= 0.038x100x500/11²= 15.7%

• Cable C2,C3, Zc2,Zc3=0.158 Ω, or 65.3%

• Source impedance on abase of 500MVA 500x100/500=100%

Fault Levels

(1) At Bus C, for 2 feeders

• Fault level = 500x100/Zs+Zr1+Zc1+zc2/2

• 500x100/100+100+15.7+65.3/2 = 201.3MVA

• 201.3/1.732x11 =10.5 KA

• For a single feeder=9.33KA(2) At bus b

• Fault level = 500x100/Zs+Zr1+Zc1

• 500x100/100+100+15.7=231.8MVA

• 238/1.732x11=12.2 KA

• (3) At Bus a

• Fault level=500x100/Zs+Zc1 = 432MVA,22.7KA

• (4)At Source

• Fault level =500MVA,26.3KA

CT ratio selection

• This requires consideration not only of the maximum load current, but also of the maximum
secondary current under fault conditions.

• CT secondaries are generally rated to carry a short-term current equal to 100 x rated
secondary current.
 Relay co ordination exercise

• Therefore, a check is required that none of the new CT secondaries has a current of more
than 100A when maximum fault current is flowing in the primary. Using

• Relay overcurrent settings – Relays 1/2

• These relays perform overcurrent protection of the cable feeders, Busbar C and backup-
protection to relays F1, F2 and their associated fuses FS1 and FS2.

• The settings for Relays 1 and 2 will be identical

• Relay 1 to reset at a current of 400A – the rating of the feeder.

• Relay drop-off/pick-up ratio = 0.95,

• Relay current setting not less than 400/0.95, or 421A.

• Next higher std value= 450A.

• The current setting should be three times the largest fuse rating (i.e. 3 x 160A, the rating of
the largest fuse on the outgoing circuits from Busbar C),

• Current setting = 480A, or 96% of relay rated primary current

• With EI characteristics used for relays F1 and F2, the operating time for relay F1 is 0.02s at
TMS=0.1 because the fault current is greater than 20 times relay setting, at which

• point the EI characteristic becomes definite time and 0.05s for relay F2 (TMS=0.25).

• Hence select relay 1 operating time =0.3+0.05=0.35s, to ensure grading with relay F2 at a
fault current of 9.33kA.

• With a primary setting of 480A, a fault current of 9.33kA represents

• 9330/480 times setting or approx 20 timesCondition 1.

• Current setting = 1052A

• TMS of 1.0 and a fault current of 12.2kA, relay 1 will operate in 0.21s.

• Grading interval of 0.3s, relay 3 must therefore operate in 0.3 + 0.21 = 0.51s

• Current setting 12200/1060=11.51

• TMS =0.84

• Select the appropriate TMS based on current multiple setting of 20 and relay operating time
of 0.35secs

Relay overcurrent settings - Relay 3

• This relay provides overcurrent protection for reactor R1,and backup overcurrent protection
for cables C2 and C3.

• The overcurrent protection also provides busbar protection for Busbar B.

• Again, the EI characteristic is used to ensure grading with relays 1 and 2.

• The maximum load current is1000A.

• Relay 3 current setting is therefore 1000/0.95=1052 or 1060 or 106%

• Relay 3 has to grade with relays 1/2 under two conditions:

• 1. for a fault just beyond relays 1 and 2 where the fault current will be the busbar fault
current of 12.2kA

• 2. for a fault at Bus C where the fault current seen by either relay 1 or 2 will be half the total
Bus C fault current of 10.6kA, i.e. 5.3kA

Condition 2

Current setting = 620A,

TMS of 1.0 and a fault current of 5.3KA, relay 1 will operate in 1.11s

• Grading interval of 0.3s, relay 3 must therefore operate in 0.3 + 1.11 = 1.41s

• Current setting 5300/1060=5

• TMS =0.33

• Condition 1 is the worst case so TMS 0.84 to be selected

Relay 4

• This must grade with relay 3 and relay 5.

• The supply authority requires that relay 5 use an SI characteristic to ensure grading with
relays further upstream

• Relay 4 must grade with relay 3 at Bus A maximum fault level of 22.7kA.

• For relay 4, the actual grading point becomes the point at which the high set setting of relay
3 operates, i.e. 15.86kA.

• At this current, the operation time of relay 3 is 0.305s

• Thus, relay 4 required operating time is 0.305 + 0.3 = 0.605s at a fault level of 15.86kA.

• Thus relay 4 must operate in 0.605s at 15860/3000 = 5.29 times setting.

• Thus select a time multiplier setting of 0.15, giving a relay operating time of 0.62s for a
normal inverse type characteristic

Relay 5

• Must grade with relay 4 at a fault current of 22.7kA.

• At this fault current, relay 4 operates in 0.93s

• Relay 5 must operate in 0.3 + 0.93 = 1.23s at 22.7kA.

• A current setting of 110% of relay 4 current setting (i.e. 110% or 3300A) is chosen to ensure
relay 4 picks up prior to relay 5.
 Relay co ordination exercise

• Thus 22.7kA represents 6.88 times the setting of relay 5.

• Relay 5 must grade with relay 4 at a fault current of 22.7kA

• The required operation time is 1.23s.

• TMS = 0.35

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Relay co ordination exercise