Java

Programming Language

Instructor Name: Syed Shahzad Hassan

Department of Computer Science, HITEC University Taxila - Pakistan
Contents
2

 Previous lecture overview

 History of Java
 Applications of Java
 Types of Java applications, platform/editions, version history
 Features of Java
 Java is pure OOP language or not?
 Java language, types of java programs
 Java application program example, scanner class
 Execution process of java program
 Java compiler/interpreter
 Assignment
Last Lecture overview
3

• The study of programming languages

• Introduction to programming paradigm
• Programming Language types
• Unstructured programming languages
• Procedural programming languages
• Structured programming languages
• Object Oriented programming (OOP) languages
• Building blocks of OOP
• Why OOP?
• Features of OOP
Last Lecture overview
4

The invention of the object oriented technology eliminates

the issues faced because of procedure oriented approach.

The OOP approach binds the data and functions that work
on it together.

The principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build

secure programs.
History of Java
5

James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language
project in June 1991.

The small team of sun engineers called Green Team.

Initially designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-
top boxes.

Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" by James Gosling, and the file extension was
.gt.

After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green project.
History of Java
6

Why Oak? Oak is a symbol of strength and chosen as a national tree of many
countries like the U.S.A., France, Germany, Romania, etc.

In 1995, Oak was renamed as "Java" because it was already a trademark by Oak
Technologies.

Java is an island of Indonesia where the first coffee was produced (called java
coffee). It is a kind of espresso bean. Java name was chosen by James Gosling
while having coffee near his office.

Notice that Java is just a name, not an acronym.

History of Java
7

Initially developed by James Gosling at Sun Mircosystems (which is now a

subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995.

In 1995, Time magazine called Java one of the Ten Best Products of 1995.

JDK 1.0 released in(January 23, 1996). After the first release of Java, there have
been many additional features added to the language.

Now Java is being used in Windows applications, Web applications, enterprise

applications, mobile applications, cards, etc.

Each new version adds the new features in Java.

Applications of Java
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According to Sun, more than 3 billion devices run Java. Some of

the Java Applications are as follows:
• Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player,
antivirus, etc.
• Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com, etc.
• Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
• Mobile, Embedded System, Smart Card, Robotics, Games,
etc.
Types of Java Applications
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There are mainly 4 types of applications that can be created using Java
programming:

• Standalone Application

• Web Application

• Enterprise Application

• Mobile Application
Standalone Application
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• Standalone applications are also known as desktop applications or

window-based applications.

• Examples of standalone application are Media player, antivirus, etc.

• AWT(Abstract Windows Toolkit) and Swing are GUI toolkits in Java for
creating standalone applications.
Web Application
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• An application that runs on the server side and creates a dynamic

page is called a web application.

• Currently, Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, etc. technologies are

used for creating web applications in Java.
Enterprise Application
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• An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking

applications, etc. is called enterprise application.

• It has advantages of the high-level security, load balancing, and

clustering.

• In Java, EJV (Jakarta Enterprise Beans) is used for creating enterprise

applications.
Mobile Application
13

An application which is created for mobile devices is called a mobile

application.

Currently, Android and Java ME are used for creating mobile

applications.
Java Platforms / Editions
14

There are 4 platforms or editions of Java:

• Java SE (Java Standard Edition)

• Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition)

• Java ME (Java Micro Edition)

• JavaFX
Java SE (Java Standard Edition)
15

It is the core Java programming platform.

It provides basic functionalities and libraries for application

development.

It includes Java programming APIs such as java.lang, java.io, java.net,

java.util, java.sql, java.math etc.

It includes core topics like OOPs, String, Regex, Exception, Inner classes,
Multithreading, I/O Stream, Networking, AWT, Swing, Reflection,
Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition)
16

It is an enterprise platform which is mainly used to develop web and

enterprise applications.

It is built on the top of the Java SE platform.

It includes topics like Servlet, JSP, Web Services, etc.

Java ME (Java Micro Edition)
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It is a micro platform which is mainly used to develop mobile

applications.
Java FX
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•JavaFX is a set of libraries and tools for creating rich client

applications with modern graphical user interfaces, multimedia
content, and visual effects.

•It is built on top of Java SE and provides additional APIs

specifically tailored for developing desktop applications with
enhanced GUI capabilities.

•JavaFX applications can include features such as animations,

multimedia playback, 3D graphics, and more.
Java Version History
19

Many java versions have been released till now. The current stable release of
Java is Java SE 10.

JDK Alpha and Beta (1995) JDK 1.0 (23rd Jan 1996)
JDK 1.1 (19th Feb 1997) J2SE 1.2 (8th Dec 1998)
J2SE 1.3 (8th May 2000) J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb 2002)
J2SE 5.0 (30th Sep 2004) Java SE 6 (11th Dec 2006)
Java SE 7 (28th July 2011) Java SE 8 (18th Mar 2014)
Java SE 9 (21st Sep 2017) Java SE 10 (20th Mar 2018)
 Features of Java
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Class definitions – Basic building blocks of OOP and a single entity that has data
and operations performed on data together

Objects – The instances of a class which are used in real functionality – its
variables and operations

Abstraction – Specifying what to do but not how to do it; a flexible feature for
having an overall view of an object’s functionality.

Encapsulation – Binding data and operations of data together in a single unit – A

class adheres to this feature

Inheritance and class hierarchy – Reusability and extension of existing classes

 Features of Java
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Polymorphism – Multiple definitions for a single name - functions with same name
with different functionality; saves time in investing many function names Operator
and Function overloading

Generic classes – Class definitions for unspecified data. They are known as container
classes. They are flexible and reusable.

Class libraries – Built-in language specific classes

Message passing – Objects communicates through invoking methods and sending

data to them. This feature of sending and receiving information among objects
through function parameters is known as Message Passing.

And more portable, platform independent, multithreaded, distributed, dynamic

Java Language
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o Java is pure object oriented programming language and a

platform.

o Java is a high level, robust, object-oriented and secure

programming language.

o Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is

known as a platform. Since Java has a runtime environment (JRE)
and API, it is called a platform.
o Platform independent language
Types of java programs
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There are 5 types of Java programs –

1. Application Program
Programs that are written to carry out certain tasks on local computer
depends on your logic like solving equations, reading and writing files.
The application programs can be executed using two steps

*Compile source code to generate Byte code using Javac compiler.

*Execute the byte code program using Java interpreter.

Java program example
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2. Applet Program
*Applets are small Java programs developed for Internet applications. An applet
can be shared which is located in a distant computer via the Internet and
executed on a local computer using a Java-capable browser.
3. Jar file
*JAR files are commonly used for distributing standalone Java applications,
libraries, or components
*simplifies distribution, installation, and execution of Java Applications
4. Servlet
*A server-side component that extends the functionality of the webserver to
generate dynamic web content on the web browser.
Java program example
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5. Swing Application
Uses Javax.swing package and creates Graphical UserInterfaces

6. EJB (Enterprise Java Beans)

EJB components run on application servers, are accessed via the
client-server model, where clients communicate with EJB components
to build complex enterprise applications, including web applications.
Traditional Programming Paradigm
Java programming model
Java compiler/interpreter
28

Is Java a compiler or interpreter?

Java is a compiled programming language, but rather than
compile straight to executable machine code, it compiles to an
intermediate binary form called JVM byte code.
This bytecode is platform-independent and can be executed on
any system that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
The byte code is then interpreted and executed by the JVM.
Why Java is compiler and interpreter?
Bytecode make Java a platform independent language
Java application program example
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public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
Java application program example
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package Simple;

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
Java application program example
31

package Simple
{
public class Simple
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Hello Java");
}
}
} Output Hello Java
Java program example
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Java program example
33
Java program example
34

public:
public keyword is an access modifier which represents visibility, it means it is visible to
all.
To call by JVM from anywhere.
This makes the main method public that means that we can call the method from
outside the class.

static:
static is a keyword, if we declare any method as static, it is known as static method.
The core advantage of static method is that there is no need to create object to invoke
the static method.
The main method is executed by the JVM, so it doesn't require to create object to invoke
the main method. So it saves memory.
Java program example
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void:
void is the return type of the method, it means it doesn't return any value.
Main method won’t return anything to JVM.
main:
It is the method name. This is the entry point method from which the JVM can run your
program.
This is the name which is configured inside JVM and searched by JVM as a starting point
for an application with a particular signature only.
String[] args:
Used for command line arguments that are passed as strings.
It is the parameter to the main Method.
Here we are defining a String array to pass arguments at command line. args is the
variable name of the String array. It can be changed to anything such as String [] a.
Scanner class
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The Scanner class is mainly used to get the user input, and it belongs to the java.util
package.

In order to use the Scanner class, you can create an object of the class and use any of
the Scanner class methods.

Scanner class allows user to take input from console. System.in is passed as a
parameter in Scanner class.

It tells the java compiler that system input will be provided through console(keyboard)

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

Use of Scanner class (Example)
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Use of Scanner class (Example)
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import java.util.Scanner; // Numerical data input

public class ScannerDemo1 // byte, short and float can be read
{ // using similar-named functions.
public static void main(String[] args) int age = sc.nextInt();
{ long mobileNo = sc.nextLong();
// Declare the object and initialize with double cgpa = sc.nextDouble();
// predefined standard input object
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); // Print the values to check if the input was correctly obtained.

// String input System.out.println("Name: "+name);

String name = sc.nextLine(); System.out.println("Gender: "+gender);
System.out.println("Age: "+age);
// Character input System.out.println("Mobile Number: "+mobileNo);
char gender = sc.next().charAt(0); System.out.println("CGPA: "+cgpa);
}
}
Execution process of java program
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References & Credits
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• https://www.javatpoint.com/java-tutorial
• https://simplesnippets.tech/execution-process-of-java-
program-in-detail-working-of-just-it-time-compiler-jit-in-
detail/
• https://www.javatpoint.com/Scanner-class

• Lecture Credits: Dr. Nouman Noor and Dr. Samia Ijaz for there
support in slide preparation.
41

THANK YOU