urrency Lifecycle in Pakistan: A Study of Issuance, Distribution, and Recycling Mechanisms under SBP BS
1. Executive Summary
Brief overview of currency management.
Purpose and scope of the report.
2. Introduction
Background of SBP and SBP BSC.
Importance of currency management in the financial system.
3. Legal & Institutional Framework
SBP Act 1956 (Section 25 - Right to Issue Currency).
Role of Pakistan Security Printing Corporation (PSPC).
Role of SBP BSC (Banking Services Corporation).
4. Currency Issuance Process
Estimation of currency demand (factors: GDP, inflation, seasonal needs).
Printing process (PSPC).
Security procedures during transportation and storage.
urrency Lifecycle in Pakistan: A Study of Issuance, Distribution, and Recycling Mechanisms under SBP BS
Initial entry into SBP BSC vaults.
5. Currency Distribution System
Role of SBP BSC's 16 field offices.
Cash supply to commercial banks.
Regional allocation strategy.
Special occasions: Eid, elections, disasters.
6. Currency Recyclability and Processing
Return of used notes from banks.
Automated currency processing machines (CPMs).
Sorting: Fit vs Unfit currency.
Counterfeit detection procedures.
7. Destruction of Unfit Notes
Shredding and disposal process.
Oversight and documentation.
urrency Lifecycle in Pakistan: A Study of Issuance, Distribution, and Recycling Mechanisms under SBP BS
Environmental concerns and recycling of shredded notes.
8. Public-Facing Services
Clean Note Policy.
Exchange of damaged or mutilated notes.
Awareness campaigns (how to identify genuine notes).
9. Challenges in Currency Management
Counterfeiting risk.
Logistical challenges in remote regions.
Public handling and awareness.
10. Recent Developments & Digital Transition
Introduction to Raast (Digital payment infrastructure).
Vision for cashless economy and declining dependency on physical notes.
SBP's roadmap for future currency handling.
11. Conclusion
urrency Lifecycle in Pakistan: A Study of Issuance, Distribution, and Recycling Mechanisms under SBP BS
Summary of SBP BSC's critical role.
Policy implications and recommendations.
12. References / Annex
SBP Annual Reports
SBP BSC Official Website
Currency Management Unit Guidelines
Clean Note Policy document
Interviews or observations (if you visited a field office).