CSI106: Foundations Of Computer Science
Duration: 90’
Lab 2: Algorithm
Objective:
Define an algorithm and relate it to problem-solving
Define three constructs and describe their use in algorithms.
Describe pseudocode and how they are used in algorithms.
Describe UML diagrams and how they are used in algorithms.
Materials:
Based on exercises of chapter 8 in the textbook “Foundations Of Computer Science, 4nd
Edition, Behrouz Forouzan, 2017.”
Student's task:
- Review the whole chapter 8 content in the textbook.
- Write down solutions to exercises (step by step)
- Finish exercises and submit the results to the lecturer in class.
Scoring scale: 10
Students will represent the algorithm of the problem in two ways: pseudo-code and UML
Sample: Write an algorithm to calculate the sum of two integers
Using pseudo-code:
Input: num1, num2
Processing: result=num1+num2
Output: print out result
Using UML
Input num1, num2
Result=num1+num2
Print out result
Exercise 1 (2 marks): Write an algorithm to allows users to input two integers and an
operator of four operators +, -, *, / then print out the result to the monitor.
Pseudocode:
Algorithm CalculateResult
Input:
num1: integer
num2: integer
operator: character (+, -, *, /)
Processing:
IF operator is '+' THEN
result = num1 + num2
ELSE IF operator is '-' THEN
result = num1 - num2
ELSE IF operator is '*' THEN
result = num1 * num2
ELSE IF operator is '/' THEN
IF num2 is NOT 0 THEN
result = num1 / num2
ELSE
Print "Error: Division by zero is not allowed."
Exit Algorithm (or handle error appropriately)
END IF
ELSE
Print "Error: Invalid operator."
Exit Algorithm (or handle error appropriately)
END IF
Output:
Print result
UML:
Exercise 2 (2 marks): Write an algorithm that will find the smallest integer among five
integers: 12, 34, 9, 24, 39
Pseudocode:
Algorithm FindSmallestInteger
Input:
numbers: list of integers [12, 34, 9, 24, 39]
Processing:
smallest = numbers[0] // Initialize smallest with the first number
FOR EACH number IN numbers (starting from the second number):
IF number < smallest THEN
smallest = number
END IF
END FOR
Output:
Print smallest
UML:
Exercise 3 (2 marks): Write an algorithm that will print out the sum of integers inputted
from the keyboard until the value 0 is inputted.
Pseudocode:
Algorithm SumUntilZero
Input: (Integers from keyboard)
Processing:
sum = 0
num = 1 // Initialize num to a non-zero value to enter the loop
WHILE num is NOT 0 DO
Input num
sum = sum + num
END WHILE
Output:
Print sum
Exercise 4 (4 marks):
Suppose that:
In Viet Nam, each people has to pay for his/her yearly personal income tax as the
following description:
Rules:
Tax-free income:
Personal pending amount (tiền nuôi bản thân) pa= 9,000,000 d /month
Alimony (tiền cấp dưỡng) for each his/her dependent pd= 3,600,000
d/month/dependent
With n dependents, Yearly tax-free income: tf = 12*(pa + n*pd)
Taxable income (thu nhập chịu thuế)
ti = income – tf
( If ti<=0 then income tax = 0)
Based on taxable income, the employee has to pay his/her income tax with levels
pre-defined in the following table:
Leve Taxable Income Income tax
l
1 Less than or equal to 5%
5.000.000
2 From 5.000.001 to 10%
10.000.000
3 From 10.000.001 to 15%
18.000.000
4 Over 18.000.000 20%
Write an algorithm that will calculate and print out : income, ti (Taxable Income) and
income tax.
Pseudocode:
Algorithm CalculateIncomeTax
Constants:
PA_MONTHLY = 9000000 // Personal pending amount per month
PD_MONTHLY = 3600000 // Dependent pending amount per month
MONTHS_IN_YEAR = 12
Input:
yearly_income: integer (Total yearly income)
num_dependents: integer (Number of dependents)
Processing:
// Calculate yearly tax-free income (tf)
tf = MONTHS_IN_YEAR * (PA_MONTHLY + (num_dependents * PD_MONTHLY))
// Calculate taxable income (ti)
ti = yearly_income - tf
// Initialize income_tax
income_tax = 0
// Determine income tax based on ti
IF ti <= 0 THEN
income_tax = 0
ELSE IF ti <= 5000000 THEN
income_tax = ti * 0.05
ELSE IF ti <= 10000000 THEN
income_tax = (5000000 * 0.05) + ((ti - 5000000) * 0.10)
ELSE IF ti <= 18000000 THEN
income_tax = (5000000 * 0.05) + (5000000 * 0.10) + ((ti - 10000000) * 0.15)
ELSE // ti > 18000000
income_tax = (5000000 * 0.05) + (5000000 * 0.10) + (8000000 * 0.15) + ((ti - 18000000) * 0.20)
END IF
Output:
Print "Total Yearly Income: " + yearly_income
Print "Taxable Income (ti): " + ti
Print "Calculated Income Tax: " + income_tax
