MTEC ENGLISH CENTER CAMBRIDGE 12 – KEY

TEST 1
LISTENING
SECTION 1
1. mountains 6. experience

2. horse 7. Ratchesons

3. garden(s) 8. helmet

4. lunch 9. shops

5. map 10. 267

TRANSCRIPT:
TC EMPLOYEE: Hi. Can I help you?

VISITOR: I’d like to find out if you have any excursions suitable for families.

Sure. How about taking your family for a cruise? We have a steamship
TC EMPLOYEE:
that takes passengers out several times a day - it’s over 100 years old.

VISITOR: That sounds interesting. How long is the trip?

About an hour and a half. And don’t forget to take pictures of the
TC EMPLOYEE: mountains.
They’re all around you when you’re on the boat and they look fantastic.

VISITOR: OK. And I assume there’s a cafe or something on board?

TC EMPLOYEE: Sure. How old are your children?

VISITOR: Er, my daughter’s fifteen and my son’s seven.

Right. Well there are various things you can do once you’ve crossed the
lake, to make a day of it. One thing that’s very popular is a visit to the
TC EMPLOYEE: Country Farm.
You’re met off the boat by the farmer and he’ll take you to the holding
pens, where the sheep are kept. Children love feeding them!

VISITOR: My son would love that. He really likes animals.

Well, there’s also a 40-minute trek round the farm on a horse, if he

TC EMPLOYEE:
wants.

VISITOR: Do you think he’d manage it? He hasn’t done that before.

TC EMPLOYEE: Sure, It’s suitable for complete beginners.

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VISITOR: Ah, good.

And again, visitors are welcome to explore the farm on their own, as
long as they take care to close dates and so on. There are some very
TC EMPLOYEE: beautiful gardens along the side of the lake which also belong to the
farm - they’ll be just at their best now. You could easily spend an hour
or two there.

VISITOR: OK. Well that all sounds good. And can we get lunch there?

You can, and it’s very good. though it’s not included in the basic cost.
TC EMPLOYEE: You pay
when you get there.

VISITOR: Right.

VISITOR: So is there anything else to do over on that side of the lake?

Well, what you can do is take a bike over on the ship and then go on a
cycling trip. There’s a trail there called the Back Road - you could easily
TC EMPLOYEE: spend three or four hours exploring it. and the scenery’s
wonderful. They’ll give you a map when you get your ticket for the
cruise - there’s no extra charge.

VISITOR: What’s the trail like in terms of difficulty?

Quite challenging in places. It wouldn’t be suitable for your seven-year-

TC EMPLOYEE:
old. It needs someone who’s got a bit more experience.

Hmm. Well, my daughter loves cycling and so do I, so maybe the two of

us could go, and my wife and son could stay on the farm. That might
VISITOR:
work out quite well. But we don’t have bikes here... is there somewhere
we could rent them?

TC EMPLOYEE: Yes, there’s a place here in the city. It’s called Ratchesons.

VISITOR: I’ll just make a note of that - er, how do you spell it?

TC EMPLOYEE; R-A-T-C-H-E-S-O-N-S. It’s just by the cruise ship terminal.

VISITOR: OK.

You’d also need to pick up a repair kit for the bike from there to take
TC EMPLOYEE: along with you, and you’d need to take along a snack and some water -
it’d be best to get those in the city.

Fine. That shouldn’t be a problem. And I assume I can rent a helmet

VISITOR:
from the bike place?

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Sure, you should definitely get that. It’s a great ride, but you want to be
well prepared because it’s very remote - you won’t see get shops round
TC EMPLOYEE:
there, or anywhere to stay, so you need to get back in time for the last
boat.

VISITOR: Yeah. So what sort of prices are we looking at here?

Let’s see, that’d be one adult and one child for the cruise with farm tour,
that’s $117, and an adult and a child for the cruise only so that’s $214
TC EMPLOYEE:
dollars altogether. Oh, wait a minute, how old did you say your daughter
was?

VISITOR: Fifteen.

Then I’m afraid it’s $267 because she has to pay the adult fare, which is
TC EMPLOYEE:
$75 instead of the child fare which is $22 - sorry about that.

VISITOR: That’s OK. Er, so how do ...

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SECTION 2

11. A 16. A, E - in either order

12. A 17. F

13. C 18. C

14. C 19. D

15. A, E - in either order 20. B

TRANSCRIPT:

Good morning everyone. My name’s Jay Parkinds and I’m the restaurant manager. And I understand
that none of you’ve had any previous experience as kitchen assistants? Well, you might be feeling a
bit nervous now, but most of our kitchen assistants say they enjoy the work. OK. they might get
shouted at sometimes, but it’s nothing personal, and they’re pleased that they have so many
different things to do. which means they never get bored. And I’ll tell you straightaway that if you
do well, we might think about moving you up and giving you some more responsibility.

Right, well, you’ve ail shown up on time, which is an excellent start. Now I’m glad to see none of you
have unsuitable footwear, so that’s good - you need to be careful as the floors can get very wet and
slippery. Those of you with long hair have got it well out of the way, but some of you’ll need to
remove your rings and bracelets - just put them somewhere safe for today, and remember to leave
them at home tomorrow, as they can be a safety hazard.

Now it’s going to be a busy day for you all today - we don’t have get tables free for this evening, and
only a few for lunch. Fortunately we’ve got our Head Chef back - he was away on holiday all last
week which meant the other chefs had extra work. Now, I’ll tell you a bit more about the job in a
minute but first, some general regulations. For all of you, whatever your age, there’s some
equipment you mustn’t use until you’ve been properly trained, like the waste disposal system for
example, for health and safety reasons. Then I think there are two of you here who are under 18 -
that’s Emma and Jake, isn’t it? Right. so for you two. the meat slicer is out of bounds. And of course
none of you are allowed to use the electric mixer until you’ve been shown how it works.

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Now you may have heard that this can be a stressful job, and I have to say that can be true. You’ll be
working an eight-hour day for the first week, though you’ll have the chance to do overtime after
that as well if you want to. But however long the hours are, you’ll get a break in the middle. What
you will find is that you’re on your feet all day long, lifting and carrying. so if you’re not fit now you
soon will be! You’ll find you don’t have much chance to take it easy - when someone tells you to do
something you need to do it straightaway - but at least we do have a very efficient air conditioning
system compared with some kitchens.

Now let me tell you about some of the people you need to know. So as I said. I’m Joy Parkins and I
decide who does what during the day and how long they work for. I’ll be trying to get you to work
with as many different people in the kitchen as possible, so that you learn while you’re on the
job. One person whose name you must remember is David Field. If you injure yourself at all. even if
it’s really minor, you must report to him and he’ll make sure the incident is recorded and you get
the appropriate treatment. He’s trained to give basic treatment to staff himself, or he’ll send you off
somewhere else if necessary. Then there’s Dexter Wills - he’s the person you need to see if you
smash a plate or something like that. Don’t just leave it and hope no one will notice - it’s really
important to get things noted and replaced or there could be problems later. And finally. there’s
Mike Smith. He’s the member of staff who takes care of all the stores of perishables, so if you notice
we’re getting low in flour or sugar or something. make sure you let him know so he can put in an
order.

OK, now the next thing ...

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SECTION 3
21. B 26. safety

22. C 27. insurance

23. C 28. diary

24. budget 29. database

25. employment 30. museum

TRANSCRIPT:
OK, Stewart. We need to start planning our paper on public libraries. Have
TRUDIE:
you thought of an angle yet?

Weil, there’s so much we could look into. How libraries have changed over
STEWART: the centuries, for instance, or how different countries organise them. What
do you think, Trudie?

Maybe we should concentrate on this country and try and relate the
changes in libraries to external developments. like the fact that far more
TRUDIE:
people can read than a century ago. and that the local population may speak
lots of different languages.

STEWART: We could include something about changes in the source of funding, too.

Yes, but remember we’re only supposed to write a short paper, so it’s
TRUDIE:
probably best if we don’t go into funding in any detail.

STEWART: Right. Well, shall we just brainstorm a few ideas, to get started?

OK. We obviously need to look at the impact of new technology, particularly

TRUDIE: the internet. Now that lots of books have been digitalised, people can access
them from their own computers at home.

STEWART: And if everyone did that, libraries would be obsolete.

TRUDIE: Yes.

STEWART: But the digitalised books that are available online for free are mostly out of
copyright. aren’t they? And copyright in this country lasts for 70 years after

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the author dies. So you won’t find the latest best-seller or up-to-date
information.

That’s an important point. Anyway, I find it hard to concentrate when I’m

TRUDIE: reading a long text on a screen. I’d much rather read a physical book. And it
takes longer to read on a screen.

STEWART: Oh, I prefer it I suppose it’s just a personal preference.

Mm. I expect that libraries will go on evolving in the next few years, Some
TRUDIE: have already become centres where community activities take place, like
local clubs meeting there. I think that’ll become even more common.

I’d like to think so, and that they’ll still be serving their traditional function,
but I’m not so sure. There are financial implications, after all. What I’m
STEWART: afraid will happen is that books and magazines will all disappear, and there’ll
just be rows and rows of computers. They won’t look anything like the
libraries we’re used to.

TRUDIE: Well, we’ll see.

I’ve just had an idea. Why don’t we make an in-depth study of our local
TRUDIE:
public library as background to our paper?

Yes, that’d be interesting, and raise all sorts of issues. Let’s make a list of
possible things we could ask about, then work out some sort of
STEWART: structure. For instance, um, we could interview some of the staff, and find
out whether the library has its own budget. or if that’s controlled by the
local council.

And what their policies are. I know they don’t allow food, but I’d love to find
TRUDIE: out what types of noise they ban - there always seems to be a lot of talking,
but never music. I don’t know if that’s a policy or it just happens.

Ah. I’ve often wondered. Then there are things like how the library is
STEWART: affected by employment laws. I suppose there are rules about working
hours, facilities for staff, and so on.

Right. Then there are other issues relating to the design of the building and
how customers use it. Like what measures does the library take to ensure
their safety? They’d need floor coverings that aren’t slippery, and
TRUDIE:
emergency exits, for instance. Oh, and another thing - there’s the question
of the kind of insurance the library needs to have, in case anyone gets
injured.

Yes, that’s something else to find out. You know something I’ve often
STEWART:
wondered?

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TRUDIE: What’s that?

Well, you know they’ve got an archive of local newspapers going back years?
Well, next to it they’ve got the diary of a well-known politician from the late
STEWART: 19th century.

I wonder why it’s there. Do you know what his connection was with this
area?

No idea. Let’s add it to our list of thing to find out. Oh I’ve just thought - you
know people might ask in the library about local organisations. like sports
TRUDIE:
clubs? Well. I wonder if they keep a database, or whether they just look
online.

Right. I quite fancy finding out what the differences are between a library
STEWART: that’s open to the public and one that’s part of a museum, for example -
they must be very different.

TRUDIE: Mmm. Then something else I’d like to know is ...

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SECTION 4

31. damage 36. resources

32. side effects 37. unnecessary / not necessary

33. bridge 38. chocolate bar

34. confusion 39. problem

35. smartphone 40. market share

TRANSCRIPT:
In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted. Today I’m going to talk
about four of them: collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence. Most people would
say they’re all ‘good things’. I’m going to suggest that’s an over-simple view.

The trouble with these values is that they’re theoretical concepts, removed from the reality
of day-to-day business. Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen
as a result. they can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.

Business leaders generally try to do the right thing. But all too often the right thing
backfires, if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side
effects that arise. The values can easily get in the way of what’s actually intended.

OK. So the first value I’m going to discuss is collaboration. Er, let me give you an
example. On a management training course I once attended, we were put into groups and
had to construct a bridge across a stream, using building blocks that we were given. The rule
was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the
construction. This was intended to encourage teamwork.

But it was really a job best done by one person. The other teams tried to collaborate on
building the structure, and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each
other’s way. Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly. She simply asked everyone in
the team to move a piece a few centimetres, to comply with the rule, and then let the
person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone. We finished before

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any other team. My point is that the task wasn’t really suited to teamworking, so why make
it one?

Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency - a common cause of poor sales. In the case of a
smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business
market, and another demanded it was aimed at consumers. The company wanted both
directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer-friendly name, but marketed it to
companies. The result was that it met the needs of neither group. It would have been better
to let one director or the other have his way, not both.

Now industriousness, or hard work. It’s easy to mock people who say they work hard: after
all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard - and getting nowhere. Of
course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted. Otherwise it wastes the
resources that companies value most - time and energy. And that’s bad for the organisation.

There’s a management model that groups people according to four criteria: clever, hard-
working. stupid and lazy. Here ‘lazy’ means having a rational determination not to carry out
unnecessary tasks, it doesn’t mean trying to avoid work altogether. Most people display two
of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy:
they possess intellectual clarity, and they don’t rush into making decisions. They come up
with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard-working group.
Instead of throwing more man-hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more
effective solution.

Next we come to creativity. This often works well - creating an attention-grabbing TV

commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales. But it isn’t always a good thing.

Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity, without having any effect
on sales. This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar: subsequent
research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what
was being advertised. The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with
the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.

A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a
company that only has a few, but it may be too creative, and make smaller profits. Creativity
needs to be targeted to solve a problem that the company has identified. Just coming up with
more and more novel products isn’t necessarily a good thing.

And finally, excellence, We all know companies that claim they ‘strive for excellence’, but it
takes a long time to achieve excellence. In business, being first with a product is more
profitable than having the best product. A major study of company performance compared
pioneers - that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product - with

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followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product. The study found that
the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29 percent, while the followers
achieved less than half that, only 13 percent - even though their product might have been
better.

Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time-consuming, wastes energy and leads to

losing out on opportunities. Sometimes, second-rate work is more worthwhile than
excellence. ‘Make sure it’s excellent’ sounds like a good approach to business, but the ‘just-
get-started’ approach is likely to be more successful.

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READING
PASSAGE 1
1. NOT GIVEN 8. convenient

2. FALSE 9. image

3. FALSE 10. sustainable

4. TRUE 11. recycled

5. TRUE 12. biodiversity

6. taste 13. desertification

7. cheaper
PASSAGE 2
14. antiques 21. trainspotting

15. triumph 22. NOT GIVEN

16. information 23. FALSE

17. contact 24. NOT GIVEN

18. hunt / desire 25. TRUE

19. aimless / empty 26. TRUE

20. educational

PASSAGE 3
27. iv 34. investigators

28. viii 35. evidence

29. ii 36. prosecution

30. iv 37. NOT GIVEN

31. iii 38. YES

32. vii 39. NO

33. fire science 40. NO

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Passage 1
1. NOT GIVEN
Giải thích: Đoạn 2: “Its bark grows up to 20 cm in thickness...”
Câu này có nói về độ dày của vỏ cây, nhưng không hề nói tới việc liệu nó có phải là cây có vỏ
dày nhất trong số các loại cây còn hiện diện hay khôngèkhông đủ thông tin
2. FALSE
Giải thích: Đoạn 2: “...the bark of the cork has a cellular structure – with about 40 million
cells per cubic centimeter – that technology has never succeeded in replicating”
Công nghệ chưa bao giờ thành công trong việc sao chép, điều này hoàn toàn mâu thuẫn ý
trong đề là “các nhà khoa học đã phát triển được”.
3. FALSE
Giải thích: Đoạn 4: From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years, and
a
gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree.
Câu đề ghi rằng phải mất 25 năm giữa mùa thu hoạch thứ 1 và thứ 2, còn trong bài đọc lại
nói
rằng phải mất khoảng 1 thập kỷ (= 10 năm) giữa các mùa vụèmâu thuẫn về thời gian.
4. TRUE
Giải thích: Đoạn 4: You even have to wait for the right kind of summer’s day to harvest cork.
If the bark is stripped on a day when it’s too cold – or when the air is damp – the tree will be
damaged.
Đoạn này đại ý là phải chờ vào một ngày mùa hè phù hợp để thu hoạch, nếu vỏ cây bị thu
hoạch vào một ngày quá lạnh hoặc không khí ẩm ướt thì cây sẽ bị tổn hạiè{ đồng nhất với
câu đề bài.
5. TRUE
Giải thích: Đoạn 5: “...No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the
job is done by teams of highly skilled workers.”
Chưa có thiết bị máy móc lọc vỏ cây nào được phát minh ra, nên phải có đội ngũ lao công
lành nghề làm việc này.èChưa có máy móc thì phải làm bằng tay, và 2 câu sau câu này còn có
nói chi tiết về công đoạn lọc vỏ cây như thế nào.
6. taste
Giải thích: đoạn 6: “Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as the
material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the contents
of the bottle...The tiniest concentrations - as little as three or four parts to a trillion - can
spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has been a gradual yet
steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium screw caps.”
The product contained in the bottle = The bottle contents Spoil = affect
7. cheaper - 8. convenient
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Giải thích: đoạn 6, câu cuối cùng: “These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the
case of screw caps, more convenient for the user.”
Manufacture = produce For the user = to use
9. image
Giải thích: đoạn 7 : “The classic cork stopper does have several advantages, however. Firstly,
its
(the cork bottle stopper) traditional image is more in keeping with that of the type of high
quality goods with which it has long been associated”
Products = goods; In keeping with = suit
10. Sustainable – 11. Recycled
Giải thích: đoạn 7: “Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that can
be recycled without difficulty”
Product = material
Easily = without difficulty
12. Biodiversity – 13. Desertification
Giải thích: đoạn 7
“Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity, and prevent
desertification in the regions where they are planted. So, given the current concerns about
environmental issues, the future of this ancient material once again looks promising”.
aid = support; stop = prevent

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Passage 2
14. antiques
Giải thích: Đoạn 2 : To make money = they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a
profit
Vậy ta chọn “antiques”
15. triumph
Giải thích: Đoạn 2: Get a feeling of = give collectors the sense of .......
16. information
Giải thích: Đoạn 3 Collectors’ clubs = meeting of groups of collectors Share = exchange
17. contact
Giải thích: Đoạn 3
people who have similar interests = like-minded people
18. desire / hunt
Giải thích: Đoạn 3 hoặc đầu đoạn 4 Special item = something specialàchọn “desire” life-long
= people who spend their whole livesàchọn “hunt”
19. aimless
Giải thích: Đoạn 4 :”Searching for something particular = this ( từ “this” ám chỉ việc tìm kiếm
đã nói ở câu trước)” Cần chọn 1 tính từ trong câu nàyàaimless
20. educational
Giải thích: Đoạn 5
it provides facts about different countries = Stamp collecting opens a window to other
countries.
Vậy thông tin còn thiếu là ở câu trước. ở đây cần điền một tính từàeducational
21. trainspotting
Giải thích: Đoạn 7: “ In the past - and nowadays, too, though to a lesser extent - a popular
form of collecting, particularly among boys and men, was trainspotting”
Male hobby = particularly among boys and men
22. NOT GIVEN
Giải thích: Đoạn 8: “Similarly, people who collect dolls may go beyond simply enlarging their
collection, and develop an interest in the way that dolls are made, or the materials that are
used”
Trong đoạn chỉ đề cập về việc những người sưu tập mở rộng bộ siêu tập của họ, không nói
gì đến số lượng người mua dolls tăng hay giảmàNOT GIVEN
23. FALSE

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Giải thích: Đoạn 8: “These have changed over the centuries from the wood that was
standard in 16th century Europe, through the wax and porcelain of later centuries, to the
plastics of today's dolls.”
Như vậy ở thế kỷ 16, dolls không phải làm bằng wax và porcelain mà được làm bằng
“wood”à false
24. NOT GIVEN
Giải thích: Đoạn 9: “Stamp collectors, for instance, arrange their stamps in albums, usually
very neatly, organising their collection according to certain commonplace principles-perhaps
by country in alphabetical order, or grouping stamps by what they depict -people, birds,
maps, and so on.”
Có nhiều cách để arrange a stamp collection, và cách sắp xếp theo “size” không được đề cập
tới ở đâyànot given
25. TRUE
Giải thích: Đoạn 10: “One reason, conscious or not, for what someone chooses to collect is
to show the collector's individualism”
to think he or she is also unusual = to show the collector's individualism (để thể hiện mình
không bình thường, thể hiện cái tôi cá nhân)
26. TRUE
Giải thích: đoạn cuối
More than most other hobbies, collecting can be totally engrossing, and can give a strong
sense of personal fulfilment.
“So với các hobbies khác” trong bài đọc đã có sự so sánhàloại bỏ phương án not given
a feeling that other hobbies are unlikely to inspire = totally engrossing / a strong sense of
personal fulfilmentàtrue

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Passage 3
27. vi – a surprising course title
Đại ý của đoạn A này xoay quanh một khóa học đặc biệt gọi là “Arson for Profit”. Cái tên này
“surprising” ở chỗ là các học viện được đề cập trong bài này hẳn là chưa bao giờ nghĩ đến
nó (“What would the founders of these two institution have thought of a course called
“Arson for Profit”?)
28. viii – the possibility of attracting the wrong kind of student
Đại { đoạn văn này nói về khả năng khóa học đó sẽ thu hút người đốt nhà thực thụ (arsonist)
– Dòng 4 đoạn B: “But wouldn’t this also be the perfect course for prospective arsonists to
sign up for?”
29. ii – a course title with two meanings
Đoạn C này phân tích tên khóa học “Principles of Marketing” Theo tác giả, tên khóa học này
có thể được hiểu theo 2 nghĩa, nghĩa thông thường là “nguyên l{ marketing”, nghĩa thứ 2
liên quan đến “is marketing principled” (đoạn C dòng 5-6). Với “principled” ở đây có nghĩa là
“ethical” – liên quan đến đạo đức.
30. iv – applying a theory in an unexpected context
Ở đoạn D, tác giả đã áp dụng đánh giá của nhà triết học Immanuel Kant vào marketing rằng
về mặt định nghĩa thì marketing thì có tính đạo đức (marketing is by definition principled.)
31. iii – the equal importance of two key issues
“Two key issues” ở đoạn E này là “means” và “ends”, và tác giả đã khẳng định không cái nào
quan trọng hơn cái nào (Dòng 7 đoạn E: My proposal, which I believe would also be Kant’s,
is that neither of these attitudes captures the significance of the end to the means for
marketing).
32. vii – different names for different outcomes
Đoạn cuối cùng này xoay quanh những cái tên; những cách nghĩ khác nhau sẽ có những khái
niệm khác nhau. Nếu hiểu theo nghĩa này thì là “Arson”, theo nghĩa khác thì là
“Firefighting”. Tương tự, nếu hiểu theo hướng này thì là “Marketing”, hướng kia lại là
“Fraud”.
*33-36: Đây là phần tóm tắt của 2 đoạn A và B.
33. fire science
Giải thích: Đoạn A dòng kế cuối + cuối: Any undergraduates who have met the academic
requirements can sign up for the course in our program in “fire science”.
34. investigators
Giải thích: đoạn B dòng đầu tiên (“the course is intended for prospective arson
investigators”)
35. evidence
Giải thích: đoạn B dòng 3 (“establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a
court of law”)
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MTEC ENGLISH CENTER CAMBRIDGE 12 – KEY

36. prosecution
Giải thích: cùng với câu 35.
37. NOT GIVEN
Đoạn A (và cũng như toàn bài) không nhắc đến liệu có “khó” thu hút sinh viên học những
khóa học không liên quan đến một nghề nào đó không.
38. YES
Giải thích: đoạn B dòng 4: “But wouldn’t this also be the perfect course for prospective
arsonists to sign up for?” “arsonists” ở đây chính là “people intending to set fire to
buildings.”
39. NO
Đoạn B dòng 5: “my point is not to criticse academic programs in fire science: they are
highly welcome as part of the increasing professionalization of this and many other
occupations.” Fire science không quá academic; nó còn được xem như là một phần để tăng
tinh chuyên môn hóa của ngành này (fire science) và cả những ngành khác.”
40. NO
Đoạn F dòng 3: “When I ask fire science students to articulate the end, or purpose, of their
field, they eventually generalize it to something like...” Sinh viên của tác giả chỉ “khái quát
hóa”, chứ không “cung cấp thông tin chi tiết” về môn học. “Generalize” và “provide detailed
information” là 2 thông tin trái ngược nhau.

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