ions of the Normal Distribution Sone of the miu proba fr which the moral diteibutioa i applicable a (Gested e Ellovieg cout Thee of lei oneal pure epee Vinoiial probabilities i comseced in Scion 5 tevin of 06 eae. Assn that battery is nocmelly distebitd, fd (hi Doboliy Un a set tary wast Tsttan 2.3 Ye Pst coetrct «diagram ach as Figs 6.14, swing the given dition o Dace lives andthe dete ate, To find UX 23), we abo th even raver thn moral env tt Ie ef 2. Thi i accom ring th MDExample 6.8:| An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a life, before burn-out, that, is normally distributed with mean equal to 800 hours and a standard deviation of 40 bors. Find the probability that a bulb burns between 78 and 834 hours. Solution: The distribution of light bulb life is illustrated in Figure 6.15, The 2 values eorre- 8 and a2 = 834 are sponding to x1 = 778 — 800 40 1 — 800 40 = -0.55 and = 0.85. Hence, P(778 < X < 834) = P(-0.55 < Z < 0.85) = P(Z < 0.85) — P(Z < -0.55) 0.8023 — 0.2012 = 0.5111 4 Example 6.9:| In an industrial process, the diameter of a ball bearing is an important measure- ment, The buyer sets specifications for the diameter to be 3.00.01 em, TheExample 6.9:| In an industrial process, the diameter of a hall bearing is an important measnre- ment, The buyer sets specifications for the diameter to be 3.0 + 0.01 em, The 6.4 Applications of the Normal Distribution 183 implication is that no part falling outside these specifications will be accepted. It is known that in the process the diameter of a hall bearing has a normal distribu- tion with mean p = 3.0 and standard deviation o = 0.005. On average, how many manufactured ball bearings will be serapped? Phe distribution of diameters is illustrated hy Figure 6.16. The values correspond- ing to the specification limits are 21 = 2.99 and x» = 3.01. The corresponding values are Solution: 2.99 — 005 3.01 — 3.0 0.005 0 and 2: Hence, P(2.99 < X < 301) = P(-20< 2 < 20) From Table A.3, P(Z < —2.0) = 0.0228. Due to symmetry of the normal distribu- tion, we find that P(Z < 2.0) + P(Z > 2.0) = 2(0.0228) = 0.0456. Asa result, it is anticipated that, on average, 4.56% of mamnfactured ball bearings will be serapped. a 0.0228. 0.005 0.025 299 3.0 3.01 % 7108 1500 1892 Figure 6.16: Area for Example 6.9 Figure 6.17: Specifications for Example 6.10.Gauges are used to reject all components for which a cortain dimension is not within the specification 1.50 + d. It is known that this measurement is normally distributed with mean 1.50 and standard deviation 0.2. Determine the value d such that the specifications *eover” 95% of the measurements. Solution: From Table A.3 we know that Example 6.1 P(-1.96 < Z < 1.96) = 0.95. ‘Therefore, (1.50 +d) = 1.50 1.96 = 7 from whieh we obtain d= (0.2)(1.96) = 0.302 An illustration of the specifications is shown in Figure 6.17, 4Example 6.11:/A certain machine makes electrical resistors having a mean resistance of 40 ohms and a standard deviation of 2 ohms. Assuming that the resistance follows a normal distribution and can be measured to any degree of accuracy, what percentage of resistors will have a resistance exceeding 43 ohins? Solution: A percentage is found by multiplying the relative frequency by 100%. Since the relative frequency for an interval is equal to the probability of a value falling, in the interval, we must find the area to the right of « = 43 in Figure 6.18. This can be done by transforming # = 43 to the corresponding = value, obtaining the area to the left of z from Table A.3, and then subtracting this area from 1. We find 43 = MD ig Therefore, P(X > 43) = P(Z > 1.5) =1— P(Z < 1.5) = 1 — 0.9332 = 0.0668. Hence, 6.68% of the resistors will have a resistance exceeding 43 ohms, A 40 BS Figure 6.18: Area for Example 6.11 Figure 6.19: Area for Example 6.12.brereises iso ‘The average grade for an exam is 74, and the standard deviation is 7. If 12% of the class is given As, and the grades are curved to follow a normal distribution, what is the lowest possible A and the highest possible B? Solution: In this example, we begin with a known ares of probability, find the 2 value, and then determine x from the formula x = a2 +p. An area of 0.12, corresponding to the fraction of students receiving As, is shaded in Figure 6.20, We require a = value that leaves 0.12 of the area to the right and, hence, an area of 0.88 to the left. From Table 4.3, P(Z < 1.18) has the closest, value to 0.88, s0 the desired = value is 1,18, Hence, Example 6. w= (7)(1.18) +74 ‘Therefore, the lowest A is 83 and the highest B is 82 a 1 o=7 1 1 t 1 1 ' i ‘ ' ' 1 12 q 74 746 Figure 6.20: Area for Example 6.13. Figure 6.21; Area for Example 6.14.