### 1.

Exercise Programs Using Java Built-in Data Types

*Example Program:*

java

public class DataTypesExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a = 10;

double b = 20.5;

char c = 'A';

boolean d = true;

String e = "Hello";

System.out.println("Integer: " + a);

System.out.println("Double: " + b);

System.out.println("Char: " + c);

System.out.println("Boolean: " + d);

System.out.println("String: " + e);

### 2. Exercise Programs on Conditional Statements and Loop Statements

*Example Program:*

java

public class ConditionalLoopExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int num = 5;

// Conditional statement

if (num % 2 == 0) {
 System.out.println(num + " is even");

} else {

System.out.println(num + " is odd");

// Loop statement

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

System.out.println("Number: " + i);

### 3. Exercise Programs on I/O Streams

#### i. Reading Data Through Keyboard

*Example Program:*

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KeyboardInput {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter your name: ");

String name = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("Hello, " + name);

}
#### ii. Reading and Writing Primitive Data Types Using DataInputStream and DataOutputStream

*Example Program:*

java

import java.io.*;

public class DataStreamExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

// Writing data

DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("data.txt"));

dos.writeInt(123);

dos.writeDouble(45.67);

dos.close();

// Reading data

DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("data.txt"));

int number = dis.readInt();

double decimal = dis.readDouble();

dis.close();

System.out.println("Read Int: " + number);

System.out.println("Read Double: " + decimal);

#### iii. Perform Reading and Writing Operations on Files Using FileStreams

*Example Program:*

java

import java.io.*;
public class FileStreamExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

// Writing data

FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("file.txt");

fos.write("Hello, World!".getBytes());

fos.close();

// Reading data

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("file.txt");

int i;

while ((i = fis.read()) != -1) {

System.out.print((char) i);

fis.close();

### 4. Exercise Programs on Strings

*Example Program:*

java

public class StringExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String str = "Hello, World!";

String reversedStr = new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();

System.out.println("Original String: " + str);

System.out.println("Reversed String: " + reversedStr);

}
### 5. Exercise Program to Create Class and Objects and Adding Methods

*Example Program:*

java

class Person {

String name;

int age;

void displayInfo() {

System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Person person = new Person();

person.name = "Alice";

person.age = 25;

person.displayInfo();

### 6. Exercise Programs Using Constructors and Constructor Overloading

*Example Program:*

java

class Person {

String name;
 int age;

// Default constructor

Person() {

this.name = "Unknown";

this.age = 0;

// Parameterized constructor

Person(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

void displayInfo() {

System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Person person1 = new Person();

person1.displayInfo();

Person person2 = new Person("Bob", 30);

person2.displayInfo();

### 7. Exercise Programs on Command Line Arguments

#### i. Input as Command Line Arguments and Perform Operation on That Data

*Example Program:*

java

public class CommandLineExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

if (args.length > 0) {

int sum = 0;

for (String arg : args) {

sum += Integer.parseInt(arg);

System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);

} else {

System.out.println("No command line arguments provided.");

#### ii. Input as Command Line Arguments and Update Manipulated Data in Files

*Example Program:*

java

import java.io.*;

public class CommandLineFileExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

if (args.length > 0) {

FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("output.txt");

for (String arg : args) {

 writer.write(arg + "\n");

writer.close();

} else {

System.out.println("No command line arguments provided.");

### 8. Exercise Programs Using Concept of Overloading Methods

*Example Program:*

java

class MathOperations {

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

double add(double a, double b) {

return a + b;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MathOperations math = new MathOperations();

System.out.println("Sum of integers: " + math.add(5, 10));

System.out.println("Sum of doubles: " + math.add(5.5, 10.5));

}
### 9. Exercise Programs on Inheritance

*Example Program:*

java

class Animal {

void eat() {

System.out.println("This animal eats food.");

class Dog extends Animal {

void bark() {

System.out.println("This dog barks.");

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog dog = new Dog();

dog.eat();

dog.bark();

### 10. Write a Program Using the Concept of Method Overriding

*Example Program:*

java
class Animal {

void sound() {

System.out.println("This animal makes a sound.");

class Dog extends Animal {

@Override

void sound() {

System.out.println("The dog barks.");

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog dog = new Dog();

dog.sound();

### 11. Exercise on Packages

#### i. Creation of Packages

*Example Program:*

java

// Save this as Animal.java in the package mypack

package mypack;

public class Animal {

 public void display() {

System.out.println("This is an animal.");

// Save this as Main.java in the default package

import mypack.Animal;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Animal animal = new Animal();

animal.display();

#### ii. Design Module to Import Packages from Other Packages

*Example Program:*

java

// Save this as Dog.java in the package mypack

package mypack;

public class Dog {

public void bark() {

System.out.println("The dog barks.");

// Save this as Main.java in the default package

import mypack.Dog;
public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog dog = new Dog();

dog.bark();

### 12. Exercise Programs on Interfaces

*Example Program:*

java

interface Animal {

void eat();

class Dog implements Animal {

public void eat() {

System.out.println("The dog eats.");

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog dog = new Dog();

dog.eat();

}
### 13. Exercise Programs on Collections

#### i. Write a Java Program to Search a Student Mark Percentage Based on Pin Number Using
ArrayList

*Example Program:*

```java

import java.util.ArrayList;

class Student {

int pin;

double percentage;

Student(int pin, double percentage) {

this.pin = pin;

this.percentage = percentage;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();

students.add(new Student(101, 85.5));

students.add(new Student(102, 90.2));

students.add(new Student(103, 78.9));

int searchPin = 102;

for (Student student : students) {

if (student.pin == searchPin) {

System.out.println("Percentage: " + student.per

ii) Write a java program to create linked list to perform delete, Insert, and update data in linked list with
any application.

import java.util.LinkedListy

public class MainClass

public static void mainiString))(

LinkedList officers sew LinkedList

//insection

officers.add("Begum");

officers.add("yasmin");

officers.add("bb");

officers.add("Naazil");

officers.add("Rabbani");

System.out.println(officers);
//updation

officers,set (2, "Sultana");

System.out.println(officers);

//deletion

officers.remove(3):

officers.removeFirst();

//print the altered list

System.out.println("Linked list after delecions officers

Output:

[Begum,Yasmin,bb,Naazil,Rabbani]

[Begum, Yasmin, Sultana, bb,Naazil, Rabbani]

Linked list after deletion: [Yasmin, Sultana, Rabbani]

ill) Write a java program to search an element from hash table.

import java util. Enumeration;

import java util Hashtable:

clase SearchValunkeys

public static void main(String []args)

Hashtable<String, String> ht = new Hashtable<String, String>();

ht.put("1", "First");

ht.put("2", "Second");

ht.put("3", "Third"):

ht.put("4", "Forth"):

ht.put("5", "Fifth");

System.out.println("Hashtable elements with key: ");

System.out.println(ht):

System.out.println("=================");
if (ht.containsKey("1") &&ht.containsValue ("First"))

System.out.println("key 1 and value first are available.");

else

System.out.println("Hashtable doesn't contain first key and value");

if (ht.containsKey("second") && ht.containsValue("2"))

System.out.println("key second and value 1 are available.");

System.out.println("Hashtable doesn't contain key second and value 2");

System.out.println("==============");

Output:

Hashtable elements with key:

(5=Fifth, 4=Forth, 3=Third, 2=Second, 1=First)

========================

key 1 and value first are available.

Hashtable doesn't contain key second and value 2

=====================

iv) Write a Java program to sorting employee detalls using hash map.

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Comparator;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

import java.util.Map;

public class Main{

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create and populate the HashMap

HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();

map.put("2", "BUNNY");

map.put("8", "AJAY");

map.put("4", "DIMPU");

map.put("7", "FAROOQ");

map.put("6", "Rams");

// Create a list to store the values from the HashMap

ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>(map.values());

// Sort the list of values

Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<String>() {

 @Override

public int compare(String str1, String str2) {

return str1.compareTo(str2);

});

// Create a LinkedHashMap to store the sorted entries

LinkedHashMap<String, String> sortedMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();

// Add the sorted entries to the LinkedHashMap

for (String value : list) {

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {

if (entry.getValue().equals(value)) {

sortedMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());

break; // Break the inner loop once the entry is added

// Print the sorted map

System.out.println(sortedMap);

OUTPUT

{2=BUNNY,8=AJAY,4=DIMPU, 7= FAROOQ,

6=Rams}
14.Exercise on exception handling

i) program on try,catch and finally

try Block:

The try block contains code that might throw an exception. It is used to wrap the code where you
anticipate potential errors.

catch Block:

The catch block is used to handle exceptions thrown by the try block. It defines how to respond to
specific types of exceptions.

finally Block:

The finally block contains code that is always executed, whether an exception is thrown or not. It is
typically used for cleanup activities, like closing files or releasing resources.

Program:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ExceptionHandling

public static void main(String[] args)

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int result = 0;

try {

System.out.print("Enter a number to divide 100 by: ");

 String input = scanner.nextLine();

// Convert input to integer

int number = Integer.parseInt(input);

// Attempt to divide by the input number

result = 100 / number;

System.out.println("100 divided by " + number + " is " + result);

} catch (NumberFormatException e) {

// Handle case where input is not a valid integer

System.out.println("Error: Please enter a valid integer.");

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

// Handle division by zero

System.out.println("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.");

} finally {

// This block always executes

System.out.println("Finally block: Closing the scanner.");

scanner.close();

Output

Enter a number to divide 100 by: 5

100 divided by 5 is 20
Finally block: Closing the scanner.

ii) Program on multiple catch statement

public class MultipleCatch

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

// Code that might throw multiple exceptions

String[] numbers = {"10", "20", "abc"};

int index = 3;

int number = Integer.parseInt(numbers[index]); // This will throw

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

int result = 100 / number; // This line will not be reached due to the previous exception

} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

// Handle case where array index is out of bounds

System.out.println("Error: Array index out of bounds.");

} catch (NumberFormatException e) {

// Handle case where string is not a valid integer

System.out.println("Error: Number format exception.");

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

// Handle case where division by zero occurs

System.out.println("Error: Division by zero.");

} finally {

// This block always executes

System.out.println("Finally block: Execution completed.");

 }

Output

Error: Array index out of bounds.

Finally block: Execution completed.

iii)Program on nested try statement

public class NestedTry

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

System.out.println("Outer try block started.");

try {

System.out.println("Inner try block started.");

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};

// This will throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

int result = numbers[5];

} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

System.out.println("Inner catch block: Array index is out of bounds.");

// This block will execute if no exceptions were thrown in the inner try block

System.out.println("Inner try block completed.");

 // Additional code that might throw exceptions

int a = 10;

int b = 0;

int division = a / b; // This will throw ArithmeticException

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

System.out.println("Outer catch block: Division by zero is not allowed.");

} finally {

// This block always executes

System.out.println("Outer finally block: Cleanup completed.");

Output

Outer try block started.

Inner try block started.

Inner catch block: Array index is out of bounds.

Inner try block completed.

Outer catch block: Division by zero is not allowed.

Outer finally block: Cleanup completed.

15.Exercise on multithreading

i)program on creation of single and multithread

Single Thread Program

public class SingleThread {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create a single thread using a Runnable

Runnable task = new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

System.out.println("Task running: " + i);

try {

Thread.sleep(1000); // Sleep for 1 second

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println("Thread interrupted.");

};

// Create and start a single thread

Thread thread = new Thread(task);

thread.start();

// Wait for the thread to complete

try {

thread.join();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println("Main thread interrupted.");

}
 System.out.println("Single thread execution complete.");

Output

Task running: 1

Task running: 2

Task running: 3

Task running: 4

Task running: 5

Single thread execution complete.

Multiple Threads Program:

public class MultiThread

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create and start multiple threads

Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Task("Thread 1"));

Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Task("Thread 2"));

Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Task("Thread 3"));

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

thread3.start();

// Wait for all threads to complete

try {
 thread1.join();

thread2.join();

thread3.join();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println("Main thread interrupted.");

System.out.println("All threads execution complete.");

class Task implements Runnable {

private final String threadName;

public Task(String threadName) {

this.threadName = threadName;

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {

System.out.println(threadName + " is running: " + i);

try {

Thread.sleep(500); // Sleep for 0.5 seconds

} catch (InterruptedException e) {
 System.out.println(threadName + " interrupted.");

Output

Thread 1 is running: 1

Thread 2 is running: 1

Thread 3 is running: 1

Thread 1 is running: 2

Thread 2 is running: 2

Thread 3 is running: 2

Thread 1 is running: 3

Thread 2 is running: 3

Thread 3 is running: 3

All threads execution complete.

ii)Program and adding priorities to multiple thread.

public class ThreadPriorityExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create and start threads with different priorities

Thread highPriorityThread = new Thread(new Task("High Priority Thread"));

Thread mediumPriorityThread = new Thread(new Task("Medium Priority Thread"));

Thread lowPriorityThread = new Thread(new Task("Low Priority Thread"));

// Set thread priorities

 highPriorityThread.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); // Highest priority

mediumPriorityThread.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); // Normal priority

lowPriorityThread.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); // Lowest priority

highPriorityThread.start();

mediumPriorityThread.start();

lowPriorityThread.start();

// Wait for all threads to complete

try {

highPriorityThread.join();

mediumPriorityThread.join();

lowPriorityThread.join();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println("Main thread interrupted.");

System.out.println("All threads execution complete.");

class Task implements Runnable {

private final String threadName;

public Task(String threadName) {

 this.threadName = threadName;

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {

System.out.println(threadName + " is running: " + i);

try {

Thread.sleep(500); // Sleep for 0.5 seconds

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println(threadName + " interrupted.");

Output

High Priority Thread is running: 1

Medium Priority Thread is running: 1

Low Priority Thread is running: 1

High Priority Thread is running: 2

Medium Priority Thread is running: 2

Low Priority Thread is running: 2

High Priority Thread is running: 3

Medium Priority Thread is running: 3

Low Priority Thread is running: 3

All threads execution complete.

iii) program on inter thread communication

class Chat

boolean flag =false

public synchronized void Question (String msg)

if (flag)

try{

Wait();

catch (InterruptedException e)

e.printStackTrace();

System.out.print in (msg):

flag= true;

notify();

public synchronized vold AnswertString mag) |

if (!flag)
{

try{

Wait();

I catch (InterruptedException e.printStackTrace();

System.out.println(msg)

flag falaer

notify)

class i implements Runnable |

Chat B

Stringi) si "Hi", "How are you ?", "I am also doing final

public 71 (Chat mis (

this.smi

new Thread(this, "Question").start()

public void runti

for (int 101s1.length; i++)(

miQuestiontal [1]):

cians 12 implements Punnable

Chat mi

String() s21 "Hi", "I am good, what about you?", "Orestis

public 12 (Chat #2) (

this.n21

new Thread(this, "Answer").start():

public void run() ( for (int 10; 12.length; i++) .Answer (s2[1])