Chapter 4.
Introduction to Probability Aug 2023
1. Each individual outcome of an experiment is called
a. the sample space. b. a sample point. c. a trial. d. an event.
ANSWER: b
2. The collection of all possible sample points in an experiment is
a. the sample space. b. an event. c. a combination. d. the population.
ANSWER: a
3. A graphical method of representing the sample points of an experiment is a
a. stacked bar chart. b. dot plot. c. stem-and-leaf display. d. tree diagram.
ANSWER: d
4. When the assumption of equally likely outcomes is used to assign probability values, the method used
to assign probabilities is referred to as the _____ method.
a. relative frequency b. subjective c. probability d. classical
ANSWER: d
5. The counting rule that is used for counting the number of experimental outcomes when n objects are
selected from a set of N objects where order of selection is not important is called the rule for
a. permutations. b. combinations.
c. independent events. d. multiple-step experiments.
ANSWER: b
6. When the results of experimentation or historical data are used to assign probability values, the
method used to assign probabilities is referred to as the _____ method.
a. relative frequency b. subjective c. classical d. posterior
ANSWER: a
7. The intersection of two mutually exclusive events
a. can be any value between 0 to1. b. must always be equal to 1.
c. must always be equal to 0. d. can be any positive value.
ANSWER: c
8. The range of probability values is
a. 0 to infinity. b. minus infinity to plus infinity.
c. 0 to 1. d. –1 to 1.
ANSWER: c
9. The probability of an event is the _____ of the probabilities of the sample points in the event.
a. sum b. product c. minimum d. maximum
ANSWER: a
10. Revised probabilities of events based on additional information are _____ probabilities.
a. joint b. posterior c. independent d. complementary
ANSWER: b
11. The addition law is potentially helpful when we are interested in computing the probability of
a. independent events b. the intersection of two events
c. the union of two events d. conditional events
ANSWER: c
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12. If two events are independent, then
a. they must be mutually exclusive. b. the sum of their probabilities must be equal to one.
c. their intersection must be zero. d. the product of their probabilities gives their intersection.
ANSWER: d
13. The multiplication law is potentially helpful when we are interested in computing the probability of
a. mutually exclusive events. b. the intersection of two events.
c. the union of two events. d. conditional events.
ANSWER: b
14. The probability of the occurrence of event A in an experiment is 1/3. If the experiment is performed 2
times and event A did not occur, then on the third trial event A
a. must occur. b. may occur.
c. could not occur. d. has a 2/3 probability of occurring.
ANSWER: b
15. A perfectly balanced coin is tossed 6 times, and tails appears on all six tosses. Then, on the seventh trial
a. tail cannot appear.
b. head has a larger chance of appearing than tail.
c. tail has a better chance of appearing than head.
d. tail has same chance of appearing as the head.
ANSWER: d
16. Two events with nonzero probabilities
a. can be both mutually exclusive and independent.
b. cannot be both mutually exclusive and independent.
c. are always mutually exclusive.
d. are always independent.
ANSWER: b
17. In an experiment, events A and B are mutually exclusive. If P(A) = 0.6, then the probability of B
a. cannot be larger than 0.4. b. can be any value greater than 0.6.
c. can be any value between 0 to 1. d. cannot be determined with the information given.
ANSWER: a
18. The probability of an intersection of two events is computed using the _____ law.
a. addition b. subtraction c. multiplication d. division
ANSWER: c
19. Posterior probabilities are _____ probabilities.
a. independent b. marginal c. joint d. conditional
ANSWER: d
20. A collection of sample points is a(n)
a. event. b. union. c. intersection. d. permutation.
ANSWER: a
21. If P(A ∩ B) = 0,
a. P(A) + P(B) = 1. b. either P(A) = 0 or P(B) = 0.
c. A and B are mutually exclusive events. d. A and B are independent events.
ANSWER: c
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