Experiment: 07
DESIGN OF IIR FILTERS
Aim:
To implement Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Butterworth filter for the following cases
(a) Low Pass filter (b) High Pass filter (c) Band Pass filter (d) Band stop filter
Apparatus: PC having MATLAB software.
Theory:
IIR filter are of Recursive type whereby the present output sample depends on the present input,
past Input Samples and output samples.
Types of filters are: (1) Low pass filter (2) High Pass filter (3) Band Pass filter (4) Band stop
filter
Analog Butterworth filter:
The magnitude function of the Butterworth low pass filter is given by
MATLAB Program:
1. Program for IIR Butterworth Low pass Filter
% IIR Butterworth Low pass Filter
clc;
clear all;
fp=input('Enter pass band freq :');
fs=input('Enter stop band freq :');
Fs=input('Enter Sampling frequency:');
rp=input('Enter pass band ripple:');
rs=input('Enter stop band ripple:');
wp=2*pi*fp/Fs;
ws=2*pi*fs/Fs;
% calculates mimimum order and cutoff frequency
[N,wc]=buttord(wp,ws,rp,rs);
%Calculates Numerator and denominator coefficients of low pass filter
[b,a]=butter(N,wc);
[h,w1]=freqz(b,a); % Obtains magnitude and frequency response
plot(w1/pi,20*log10(abs(h))); % plots magnitude response values
xlabel('normalized frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude in dB');
title('Frequency response of Low pass filter');
Expected Output:
Enter pass band freq :200
Enter stop band freq :800
Enter Sampling frequency:10000
Enter pass band ripple:1
Enter stop band ripple:20
Expected Graphs:
Frequency response of Low pass filter
0
-20
-40
Magnitude in dB
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalized frequency
2. Program for IIR Butterworth High pass Filter
% IIR Butterworth High pass Filter
clc;
clear all;
fp=input('Enter pass band freq :');
fs=input('Enter stop band freq :');
Fs=input('enter Sampling frequency:');
rp=input('Enter pass band ripple:');
rs=input('Enter stop band ripple:');
wp=2*pi*fp/Fs;
ws=2*pi*fs/Fs;
% calculates mimimum order and cutoff frequency
[N,wc]=buttord(wp,ws,rp,rs);
%Calculates Numerator and denominator coefficients of High pass
filter
[b,a]=butter(N,wc,'high');
[h,w1]=freqz(b,a); % Obtains magnitude and frequency response
plot(w1/pi,20*log10(abs(h))); % plots magnitude response values
xlabel('normalized frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude in dB');
title('Frequency response of High pass filter');
Expected Output:
Enter pass band freq :200
Enter stop band freq :100
enter Sampling frequency:2000
Enter pass band ripple:1
Enter stop band ripple:20
Expected Graphs:
Frequency response of High pass filter
0
-20
-40
-60
Magnitude in dB
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalized frequency
3. Program for IIR Butterworth Band pass Filter
% IIR Butterworth Band pass filter
clc;
clear all;
fp1=input('Enter pass band freq1:');
fp2=input('Enter pass band freq2:');
fs1=input('Enter stop band freq1 :');
fs2=input('Enter stop band freq2 :');
Fs=input('Enter sampling Frequency');
rp=input('Enter pass band ripple:');
rs=input('Enter stop band ripple:');
fp=[fp1,fp2];
fs=[fs1,fs2];
wp=2*pi*fp/Fs;
ws=2*pi*fs/Fs;
[N,wc]=buttord(wp,ws,rp,rs);
%Calculates Numerator and denominator coefficients of Band pass filter
[b,a]=butter(N,wc);
[h,w1]=freqz(b,a);
plot(w1/pi,20*log10(h));
xlabel('normalized frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude in Db');
title('Frequency response of Band pass filter');
Expected Output:
Enter pass band freq1:400
Enter pass band freq2:600
Enter stop band freq1 :200
Enter stop band freq2 :800
Enter sampling Frequency10000
Enter pass band ripple:1
Enter stop band ripple:20
Expected Graphs:
Frequency response of Band pass filter
0
-20
-40
-60
Magnitude in Db
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
-180
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalized frequency
4. Program for IIR Butterworth Band stop filter
% IIR Butterworth Band stop filter
clc;
clear all;
fp1=input('Enter pass band freq1:');
fp2=input('Enter pass band freq2:');
fs1=input('Enter stop band freq1 :');
fs2=input('Enter stop band freq2 :');
Fs=input('Enter sampling Frequency:');
rp=input('Enter pass band ripple:');
rs=input('Enter stop band ripple:');
fp=[fp1,fp2];
fs=[fs1,fs2];
wp=2*pi*fp/Fs;
ws=2*pi*fs/Fs;
[N,wc]=buttord(wp,ws,rp,rs)
%Calculates Numerator and denominator coefficients of Band stop filter
[b,a]=butter(N,wc,'stop');
[h,w1]=freqz(b,a);
DSP Lab
plot(w1/pi,20*log10(h));
xlabel('normalized frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude in Db');
title('Frequency response of Band stop filter');
Expected Output:
Enter pass band freq1:400
Enter pass band freq2:600
Enter stop band freq1 :200
Enter stop band freq2 :800
Enter sampling Frequency:10000
Enter pass band ripple:1
Enter stop band ripple:20
Expected Graphs:
Frequency response of Band stop filter
0
-20
-40
Magnitude in Db
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalized frequency
Result:
Butterworth analog low pass, High pass, Band pass and Band stop IIR filters are implemented using MATLAB.
Exercise:
1. Design an Analog Butterworth filter that has -1dB pass band attenuation at a frequency of 200
rad/sec and at least -20dB stop band attenuation at 800 rad/sec.
