Python Arrays

ABHISHEK TIWARI 13

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An array is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory
locations. The idea is to store multiple items of the same type
together. This makes it easier to calculate the position of each
element by simply adding an offset to a base value, i.e., the memory
location of the first element of the array (generally denoted by the
name of the array).
For simplicity, we can think of an array a fleet of stairs where on
each step is placed a value (let’s say one of your friends). Here, you
can identify the location of any of your friends by simply knowing
the count of the step they are on. Array can be handled in Python by
a module named array. They can be useful when we have to
manipulate only a specific data type values. A user can treat lists as
arrays. However, user cannot constraint the type of elements stored
in a list. If you create arrays using the array module, all elements of
the array must be of the same type.
Creating a Array
Array in Python can be created by importing array
module. array(data_type, value_list) is used to create an array
with data type and value list specified in its arguments.
 Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# Creation of Array

# importing "array" for array creations

import array as arr

# creating an array with integer type

a = arr.array('i', [1, 2, 3])

# printing original array

print("The new created array is : ", end=" ")
for i in range(0, 3):
print(a[i], end=" ")
print()

# creating an array with double type

b = arr.array('d', [2.5, 3.2, 3.3])

# printing original array

print("\nThe new created array is : ", end=" ")
for i in range(0, 3):
print(b[i], end=" ")

Output
The new created array is : 1 2 3

The new created array is : 2.5 3.2 3.3

Complexities for Creation of Arrays:
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Some of the data types are mentioned below which will help in
creating an array of different data types.

Adding Elements to a Array

Elements can be added to the Array by using built-
in insert() function. Insert is used to insert one or more data
elements into an array. Based on the requirement, a new element
can be added at the beginning, end, or any given index of
array. append() is also used to add the value mentioned in its
arguments at the end of the array.

 Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# Adding Elements to a Array

# importing "array" for array creations

import array as arr
 # array with int type
a = arr.array('i', [1, 2, 3])

print("Array before insertion : ", end=" ")

for i in range(0, 3):
print(a[i], end=" ")
print()

# inserting array using

# insert() function
a.insert(1, 4)

print("Array after insertion : ", end=" ")

for i in (a):
print(i, end=" ")
print()

# array with float type

b = arr.array('d', [2.5, 3.2, 3.3])

print("Array before insertion : ", end=" ")

for i in range(0, 3):
print(b[i], end=" ")
print()

# adding an element using append()

b.append(4.4)

print("Array after insertion : ", end=" ")

for i in (b):
print(i, end=" ")
print()

Output
Array before insertion : 1 2 3
Array after insertion : 1 4 2 3
Array before insertion : 2.5 3.2 3.3
Array after insertion : 2.5 3.2 3.3 4.4
Complexities for Adding elements to the Arrays:
Time Complexity: O(1)/O(n) ( O(1) – for inserting elements at the
end of the array, O(n) – for inserting elements at the beginning of
the array and to the full array
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Accessing elements from the Array
In order to access the array items refer to the index number. Use
the index operator [ ] to access an item in a array. The index must
be an integer.
 Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# accessing of element from list

# importing array module

import array as arr

# array with int type

a = arr.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

# accessing element of array

print("Access element is: ", a[0])

# accessing element of array

print("Access element is: ", a[3])

# array with float type

b = arr.array('d', [2.5, 3.2, 3.3])

# accessing element of array

print("Access element is: ", b[1])

# accessing element of array

print("Access element is: ", b[2])

Output :
Access element is: 1
Access element is: 4
Access element is: 3.2
Access element is: 3.3
Complexities for accessing elements in the Arrays:
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Removing Elements from the Array
Elements can be removed from the array by using built-
in remove() function but an Error arises if element doesn’t exist in
the set. Remove() method only removes one element at a time, to
remove range of elements, iterator is used. pop() function can also
be used to remove and return an element from the array, but by
default it removes only the last element of the array, to remove
element from a specific position of the array, index of the element is
passed as an argument to the pop() method.
Note – Remove method in List will only remove the first occurrence
of the searched element.
 Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# Removal of elements in a Array

# importing "array" for array operations

import array

# initializing array with array values

# initializes array with signed integers
arr = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 1, 5])

# printing original array

print("The new created array is : ", end="")
for i in range(0, 5):
print(arr[i], end=" ")

print("\r")

# using pop() to remove element at 2nd position

print("The popped element is : ", end="")
print(arr.pop(2))

# printing array after popping

print("The array after popping is : ", end="")
for i in range(0, 4):
print(arr[i], end=" ")

print("\r")

# using remove() to remove 1st occurrence of 1

arr.remove(1)

# printing array after removing

print("The array after removing is : ", end="")
for i in range(0, 3):
print(arr[i], end=" ")

Output
The new created array is : 1 2 3 1 5
The popped element is : 3
The array after popping is : 1 2 1 5
The array after removing is : 2 1 5
Complexities for Removing elements in the Arrays:
Time Complexity: O(1)/O(n) ( O(1) – for removing elements at the
end of the array, O(n) – for removing elements at the beginning of
the array and to the full array
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Slicing of a Array
In Python array, there are multiple ways to print the whole array
with all the elements, but to print a specific range of elements from
the array, we use Slice operation. Slice operation is performed on
array with the use of colon(:). To print elements from beginning to a
range use [:Index], to print elements from end use [:-Index], to print
elements from specific Index till the end use [Index:], to print
elements within a range, use [Start Index:End Index] and to print
whole List with the use of slicing operation, use [:]. Further, to print
whole array in reverse order, use [::-1].

 Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# slicing of elements in a Array

# importing array module

import array as arr

# creating a list
l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

a = arr.array('i', l)
print("Initial Array: ")
for i in (a):
print(i, end=" ")

# Print elements of a range

 # using Slice operation
Sliced_array = a[3:8]
print("\nSlicing elements in a range 3-8: ")
print(Sliced_array)

# Print elements from a

# pre-defined point to end
Sliced_array = a[5:]
print("\nElements sliced from 5th "
"element till the end: ")
print(Sliced_array)

# Printing elements from

# beginning till end
Sliced_array = a[:]
print("\nPrinting all elements using slice operation: ")
print(Sliced_array)

Output
Initial Array:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Slicing elements in a range 3-8:
array('i', [4, 5, 6, 7, 8])

Elements sliced from 5th element till the end:

array('i', [6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

Printing all elements using slice operation:

array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
Searching element in a Array
In order to search an element in the array we use a python in-
built index() method. This function returns the index of the first
occurrence of value mentioned in arguments.
 Python3

# Python code to demonstrate

# searching an element in array

# importing array module

import array
 # initializing array with array values
# initializes array with signed integers
arr = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 5])

# printing original array

print("The new created array is : ", end="")
for i in range(0, 6):
print(arr[i], end=" ")

print("\r")

# using index() to print index of 1st occurrence of 2

print("The index of 1st occurrence of 2 is : ", end="")
print(arr.index(2))

# using index() to print index of 1st occurrence of 1

print("The index of 1st occurrence of 1 is : ", end="")
print(arr.index(1))

Output
The new created array is : 1 2 3 1 2 5
The index of 1st occurrence of 2 is : 1
The index of 1st occurrence of 1 is : 0
Complexities for searching elements in the Arrays:
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Updating Elements in a Array
In order to update an element in the array we simply reassign a new
value to the desired index we want to update.
 Python3

# Python code to demonstrate

# how to update an element in array

# importing array module

import array

# initializing array with array values

# initializes array with signed integers
arr = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 5])

# printing original array

print("Array before updation : ", end="")
 for i in range(0, 6):
print(arr[i], end=" ")

print("\r")

# updating a element in a array

arr[2] = 6
print("Array after updation : ", end="")
for i in range(0, 6):
print(arr[i], end=" ")
print()

# updating a element in a array

arr[4] = 8
print("Array after updation : ", end="")
for i in range(0, 6):
print(arr[i], end=" ")

Output
Array before updation : 1 2 3 1 2 5
Array after updation : 1 2 6 1 2 5
Array after updation : 1 2 6 1 8 5
Complexities for updating elements in the Arrays:
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Counting Elements in a Array
In order to count elements in an array we need to use count
method.
 Python3

import array

# Create an array of integers

my_array = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2])

# Count the number of occurrences of the element 2 in the array

count = my_array.count(2)

# Print the result

print("Number of occurrences of 2:", count)

Output
Number of occurrences of 2: 3
Complexities for counting elements in the Arrays:
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Reversing Elements in a Array
In order to reverse elements of an array we need to simply use
reverse method.
 Python3

import array

# Create an array of integers

my_array = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

# Print the original array

print("Original array:", *my_array)

# Reverse the array in place

my_array.reverse()

# Print the reversed array

print("Reversed array:", *my_array)

Output
Original array: 1 2 3 4 5
Reversed array: 5 4 3 2 1
Complexities for reversing elements in the Arrays:
Time Complexity: O(n)
Space: O(1)
Extend Element
from Array
In the article,we will cover the python list extend() and try to
understand the Python list extend().
What is extend element from array?
In Python, an array is used to store multiple values or elements of
the same datatype in a single variable. The extend() function is
simply used to attach an item from iterable to the end of the array.
In simpler terms, this method is used to add an array of values to
the end of a given or existing array.
Syntax of list extend()
The syntax of the extend() method:
list.extend(iterable)
Here,all the element of iterable are added to the end of list1
Example 1:
 Python3
 #Python program to demonstrate

# Adding Elements to a Array

# importing "array" for array creations

import array as arr

# array with int type

a = arr.array('i', [1, 2, 3,4,5])

#printing original array

print("The before array extend : ", end =" ")

for i in range (0, 5):

print (a[i], end =" ")

print()

#creating an array with using extend method

a.extend([6,7,8,9,10])

#printing original array

print("\nThe array after extend :",end=" ")

for i in range(0,10):

print(a[i],end=" ")

print()

Output
The before array extend : 1 2 3 4 5

The array after extend : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Example 2:
 Python3

#Python program to demonstrate

# Creation of Array

# importing "array" for array creations

import array as arr

#creating an array with integer type

a=arr.array('i',[1,2,3,4,5,6])

# printing original array

print("The Before extend array is :",end=" ")

for i in range(0,6):

print(a[i],end=" ")

print()

# creating an array with using extend method

a.extend([7,8,9,10,11,12])

# printing original array

print("\nThe After extend array is :",end=" ")

for i in range(0,12):

print(a[i],end=" ")

print()

#array with float type

b = arr.array('d', [2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5,2.6])

print("\nThe before extend array is :",end=" ")

for i in range(0,6):

print(b[i],end=" ")

print()
 #extend function using pass the elements

b.extend([2.6,2.7,2.8,2.9])

print("\nThe after extend array is :",end=" ")

for i in range(0,9+1):

print(b[i],end=" ")

print()

Output
The Before extend array is : 1 2 3 4 5 6

The After extend array is : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

The before extend array is : 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

The after extend array is : 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7
2.8 2.9