CONFIDENTIAL EH/DEC 2024/CHE502
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
MID TERM ASSESSMENT
COURSE : REACTION ENGINEERING 1
COURSE CODE : CHE502
DATE : DEC 2024
TIME : 1 HOUR
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. This question paper consists of three (3) questions
2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.
3. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i. the Question Paper
ii. a three – page Appendix
iii. an Answer Booklet – provided by the School
iv. a graph paper – provided by the School
4. Answer ALL questions in English.
QUESTION NUMBER Allocated Marks Marks
1 7
2 6
3 12
TOTAL MARKS (%)
NAME :__________________________________________
STUDENT NO. :__________________________________________
GROUP :__________________________________________
LECTURER’S NAME :__________________________________________
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
This examination paper consists of 3 printed pages
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CONFIDENTIAL 2 EH/DEC 2024/CHE502
QUESTION 1
(PO1, CO1, C2)
The irreversible liquid phase esterification of benzoic acid (𝐶 𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻) reaction with ethanol
(𝐶 𝐻 𝑂𝐻) to produce ethyl benzoate (𝐶 𝐻 𝑂 ) using green catalyst can be expressed as the
following equation:
𝐶 𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝑙 𝐶 𝐻 𝑂𝐻 𝑙 → 𝐶 𝐻 𝑂 𝑙 𝐻 𝑂 𝑙
The rate law follows elementary, and the reaction was carried out at 70°C and 1 atm. The
composition of ethanol is 10 times higher than benzoic acid.
a) Express the rate law equation as a function of conversion for this reaction.
(5 marks)
b) Express the mole balance/design equation of batch reactor in form of conversion for the
above reaction.
(2 marks)
QUESTION 2
(PO2, CO2, C4)
The isothermal reaction of benzoic acid 𝐶 𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 and ethanol 𝐶 𝐻 𝑂𝐻 is carried out in
a batch reactor. The initial composition of benzoic acid is 0.5 mol/liter. Using the rate law and
mole balance expression derived in Question 1, calculate the reaction time needed when 15%
of the benzoic acid remains. The rate constant, k is 0.015 liter/(mol‧min).
(6 marks)
Given the integration rules:
𝑑𝑥 1 𝜃 𝑥
𝑙𝑛
1 𝑥 𝜃 𝑥 𝜃 1 𝜃 1 𝑥
QUESTION 3
(PO2, CO2, C4)
Table 1 presents the batch kinetic data for the uncatalyzed esterification reaction between
acetic anhydride and excess isoamyl alcohol. The reaction will be carried out in an isothermal
flow reactor for scale-up process.
Table 1: Rate of reaction of uncatalyzed esterification process.
Conversion, X 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.95
Rate of reaction, 𝒓𝑨
𝒎𝒐𝒍 0.500 0.192 0.119 0.100 0.137 0.500 0.500 0.500
𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓 ∙ 𝒔𝒆𝒄
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL 3 EH/DEC 2024/CHE502
The acetic anhydride is fed to the reactor at a flow rate of 50 mol/sec.
a) By using Levenspiel plot, estimate the volume of CSTR and PFR required to achieve 70%
reaction conversion.
(10 marks)
b) Identify the appropriate flow reactor for this reaction and provide a justification for your
choice.
(2 marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1(I) EH/DEC 2024/CHE502
ARRHENIUS LAW
/
𝑘 𝐴𝑒
𝑟 𝑘 𝐸 1 1
ln ln
𝑟 𝑘 𝑅 𝑇 𝑇
IDEAL GAS CONSTANT
𝑑𝑚 ⋅ 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑚 ⋅ 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐽
𝑅 0.082 0.082 1.987 8.314
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⋅ 𝐾 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⋅ 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⋅ 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⋅ 𝐾
MOLE BALANCE
𝑑𝑁
𝐹 𝐹 𝑟 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡
ENERGY BALANCE
• •
∘
𝑄 𝑊 𝐹 𝛩 𝐶 𝑇 𝑇 𝐹 𝑋 ∆𝐻𝑅x ∆𝐶 𝑇 𝑇 0
∘
𝑈𝐴 𝑇 𝑇 𝐹 𝛩𝐶 𝑇 𝑇 𝐹 𝑋 ∆𝐻𝑅x ∆𝐶 𝑇 𝑇 0
ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE
𝑋 ∆𝐻 ∘ x 𝑇𝑅 ∑ 𝛩 𝐶𝑃𝑖 𝑇 𝑋∆𝐶 𝑇
𝑇
∑ 𝛩 𝐶𝑃𝑖 𝑋∆𝐶
ADIABATIC CONVERSION
∑ 𝛩𝑖 𝐶𝑃𝑖 𝑇 𝑇
𝑋
∆𝐻 ∘ x 𝑇𝑅 𝛥𝐶𝑃 𝑇 𝑇𝑅
EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT
∘
𝐾 ∆𝐻𝑅x 1 1
ln
𝐾 𝑅 𝑇 𝑇
VARIABLE VOLUME
𝑃0 𝑇
𝑉 𝑉0 1 𝜀𝑋
𝑃 𝑇0
𝑃0 𝑇
𝑣 𝑣0 1 𝜀𝑋
𝑃 𝑇0
𝜀 𝑦𝑖0 𝛿
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1(II) EH/DEC 2024/CHE502
NUMERICAL METHODS
Trapezoidal rule
ℎ
𝑓 𝑋 𝑑𝑋 𝑓 𝑋 𝑓 𝑋
2
Simpson’s one-third rule
ℎ
𝑓 𝑋 𝑑𝑋 𝑓 𝑋 4𝑓 𝑋 𝑓 𝑋
3
Simpson’s three-eighths rule
𝑓 𝑋 𝑑𝑋 ℎ𝑓 𝑋 3𝑓 𝑋 3𝑓 𝑋 𝑓 𝑋
Five-point quadrature formula
ℎ
𝑓 𝑋 𝑑𝑋 𝑓 𝑋 4𝑓 𝑋 2𝑓 𝑋 4𝑓 𝑋 𝑓 𝑋
3
Integrals
𝑑𝑥 1
𝑙𝑛
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 1
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛
1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 1
1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1
𝑙𝑛 1 𝜀𝑥
1 𝜀𝑥 𝜀
1 𝜀𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 𝜀 𝑥
2𝜀 1 𝜀 ln 1 𝑥 𝜀 𝑥
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1(III) EH/DEC 2024/CHE502
Differentiation
𝑑
𝑐𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑓 ′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥
𝑑
𝑥 𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
REACTORS MOLES BALANCES
Mole Balance Algebraic Form Integral Form
Differential
Equation
𝑑𝑋 𝑑𝑋
Batch reactor 𝑁 𝑟𝑉 ─ 𝑡 𝑁
𝑑𝑡 𝑟𝑉
Continuous–
stirred tank 𝐹 𝑋 𝑋
reactor
─ 𝑉 ─
𝑟
(CSTR)
Plug flow reactor 𝑑𝑋 𝑑𝑋
(PFR) 𝐹 𝑟 𝑉 𝐹
𝑑𝑉 𝑟
Nomenclature
𝑁 Number of mol of species 𝐴 at the initial
𝐹 Entering molar flow rate of species 𝐴
𝑋 Conversion
𝑉 Volume of reactor
𝑡 Reaction time
𝑟𝐴 Rate of disappearance of species 𝐴
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