Solution

LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Class 10 - Mathematics
1. Condition for coincident lines is given by:
a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2;
Given pair of linear equations is
- 2x - 3y - 1 = 0 and 4x + 6y + 2 = 0;
Comparing with standard form we have;
a1 = - 2, b1 = - 3, c1 = - 1;
And a2 = 4, b2 = 6, c2 = 2;
a1 /a2 = - 2/4 = - 1/2
b1 /b2 = - 3/6 = - 1/2
c1 /c2 = - 1/2
Here, a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2, i.e., coincident lines
Hence, the given pair of linear equations is coincident.
2. The given system of equations is
2x + y = 7 ... (i)
4x - 3y = -1. ...(ii)
From (i), we get
2x + y = 7
⇒ y = (7 - 2x).
Substituting y = (7 - 2x) in (ii), we get
4x - 3y = -1
⇒ 4x - 3 (7 - 2x) = - 1
⇒ 4x - 21+ 6x = -1
⇒ 10x - 21 = -1
⇒ 10x = - 1 + 21
⇒ 10x = 20
⇒x=
20

10

⇒ x = 2.
Substituting x = 2 in y = (7 - 2x), we get
y = (7 - 2x)
⇒ y = 7 - 2(2)
⇒y=7-4
⇒ y = 3.
Hence, the solution is x = 2, y = 3.
3. The given equations are
4x + 6y = 11
So, 4x + 6y - 11= 0 ............ (i)
And 2x + ky = 7
So, 2x + ky - 7 = 0 .......... (ii)
The given system of equation is of the form
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Compare with (i) and (ii) , we get
a1 = 4, b1 = 6, c1 = -11
a2 = 2, b2 = k, c2 = -7
For unique solution, we have
a1 b1 c1
= ≠
a2 b2 c2

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 a1 b1
=
a2 b2

4 6
=
2 k

⇒ a=3
Therefore, the given system of equations will be inconsistent, if k = 3.
4. Let the two - digit number be xy (i.e. 10x + y).
After reversing the digits of the number xy, the new number becomes yx (i.e. 10y + x).
According to question -
xy = 18
⇒ x = .....(i)18

and,
(10x + y) - 63 = (10y + x)
⇒ 9x - 9y = 63

⇒ x - y = 7.....(2)

Substituting the value of x in equation (2), we get

⇒ 18 - y2 = 7y
⇒ y2 + 7y - 18 = 0
⇒ y2 + 9y - 2y - 18 = 0
⇒ y(y + 9) - 2(y + 9) = 0

⇒ (y + 9)(y - 2) = 0
∴ y=2
[y = - 9 is invalid because digits of a number cannot be negative.]
Substituting the value of y in equation (i), we get
18
− y = 7
y

x=9
Thus, the required number is 92.
5. The given system of equation is
x y

2
−
5
= 4 ...(1)
x y

7
+
15
= 3 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (2) by 3, we get
3x y
+ = 9 ...(3)
7 5

Adding equation (1) and equation (3), we get

x 3x
+ = 13
2 7
13 13×14
⇒ x = 13 ⇒ x = = 14
14 13

Substituting this value of x in equation (2), we get

14 y
+ = 3
7 15
y y
⇒ 2 + = 3 ⇒ = 3 − 2
15 15
y
⇒ = 1 ⇒ y = 15
15

So, the solution of the given system of equations is

x = 14, y = 15
Verification ; Substituting x = 14, y = 15.
We find that both the equations (1) and (2) are satisfied as shown below;
x y 14 15
− = − = 7 − 3 = 4
2 5 2 5
x y 14 15
+ = + = 2 + 1 = 3
7 15 7 15

Hence, the solution is correct.

6. Let the number of oranges with A and B separately be x and y respectively.
Then, according to the question,
x + 10 = 2(y - 10)
⇒ x + 10 = 2y - 20
⇒ x - 2y = - 20 - 10
⇒ x - 2y = - 30 ...(1)

and x - 10 = y + 10

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 ⇒ x - y = 10 + 10
⇒ x - y = 20 ...(2)
Subtracting equation (1) from equations (2), we get
y = 50
substituting this value of y in equation (2), we get
x - 50 = 20
⇒ x = 50 + 20

⇒ x = 70

So the solution of the equations (1) and (2) is x = 70 and y = 50.

Hence, the number of oranges with A and B separately and 70 and 50 respectively.
Verification. Substituting x = 70, y = 50,
We find that both the equations (1) and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
x - 2y = 70 - 2(50) = 70 - 100 = - 30
x - y = 70 - 50 = 20
Hence, the solution is correct.
7. Given, x - 5y = 6 or x = 6 + 5y
x 6 1 -4

y 0 -1 -2
Thus when x = 6, y = 0
when x = 1, y = -1
when x = -4, y = -2
and 2x - 10y = 12 or x = 5y + 6
x 6 1 -4

y 0 -1 -2
when x = 6, y =0
when x = 1, y = -1
when x = -4,y = -2

Since the lines are coincident, so the system of linear equations is consistent with infinite many solutions
8. Let us denote the incomes of the two-person by ₹ 9x and ₹ 7x and their expenditures by ₹ 4y and ₹ 3y respectively.
Then the equations formed in the situation is given by :
9x – 4y = 2000 ...(i)
and 7x – 3y = 2000 ...(2)
Step 1: Multiply Equation (1) by 3 and Equation (2) by 4 to make the coefficients of y equal. Then, we get the equations:
27x – 12y = 6000 ...(3)
28x – 12y = 8000 ...(4)
Step 2: Subtract Equation (3) from Equation (4) to eliminate y, because the coefficients of y are the same. So, we get
(28x – 27x) – (12y – 12y) = 8000 – 6000
i.e., x = 2000
Step 3: Substituting this value of x in (1), we get
9(2000) – 4y = 2000
i.e., y = 4000
So, the solution of the equations is x = 2000, y = 4000. Therefore, the monthly incomes of the persons are ₹18,000 and ₹14,000
respectively.

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 9. Let the fixed charge for first three days be Rs. x
The additional charge for each day thereafter be Rs. y.
Then according to question, we have
x + 4y = 22 ...(i)
x + 2y = 16 ...(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
2y = 6

⇒ y = 3

Substituting y = 3 in (ii),
x + 2(3) = 16

⇒ x + 6 = 16

⇒ x = 10

Thus, the fixed charge for first three days is Rs. 10.
and the additional charge for each day thereafter is Rs.3.
10. x + y = 5 .......... (1)
2x - 3y=4 ............. (2)
I. Elimination method:
Multiplying equation (1) by 2, we get equation (3)
2x +2y =10 ............. (3)
2x−3y =4 ........... (2)
Subtracting equation (2) from (3), we get
5y =6 ⇒ y =
6

Putting value of y in (1), we get

6
x+ 5
=5
⇒ x =5−
6 19

5
= 5
19 6
Therefore, x = 5
and y = 5

II. Substitution method:

x +y =5 .......................... (1)
2x−3y =4 ......................... (2)
From equation (1), we get,
x =5−y
Putting this in equation (2), we get
2(5−y )−3y =4
⇒ 10−2y−3y =4
⇒ 5y =6
⇒y= 6

Putting value of y in (1), we get

x =5− = 6

5
19

Therefore, x = 19

5
and y = 6

11. Let the age of father is x years and that of son is y years.
Then by the given question,
Two years ago father was five times as old as his son
x − 2 = 5(y − 2)

or, x − 5y = −10 + 2
or, x − 5y = −8
or, x = 5y − 8
Two years later, his age will be 8 years more than three times the age of the son
x + 2 = 3(y + 2) + 8

or, x − 3y = 6 + 8 − 2
or, 5y − 8 − 3y = 12
or, 2y = 12 + 8
or, y = 20

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or, y = 10
then x=5y-8=50-8=42
Then, the age of father is 42 yrs. and the age of son is 10 yrs.

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