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Biotech Simple Notes

The document provides simple notes on two key topics in biotechnology: enzyme immobilization and recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. Enzyme immobilization involves fixing enzymes in place using various methods, offering advantages like reusability but potential activity loss. rDNA technology entails combining DNA from different sources for applications such as hormone production, genetically modified organisms, and gene therapy.

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4 views2 pages

Biotech Simple Notes

The document provides simple notes on two key topics in biotechnology: enzyme immobilization and recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. Enzyme immobilization involves fixing enzymes in place using various methods, offering advantages like reusability but potential activity loss. rDNA technology entails combining DNA from different sources for applications such as hormone production, genetically modified organisms, and gene therapy.

Uploaded by

sanskarrewale2012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biotechnology 6th Sem - Simple Notes

Biotechnology 6th Semester - Simple Notes

1) Enzyme Immobilization:

- It means fixing enzymes in one place so they don't move.

- This is done using materials that the enzymes stick to.

- Methods:

- Adsorption: Enzymes stick on the surface.

- Cross-Linking: Enzymes are chemically bonded.

- Covalent Bonding: Strong bonds form between enzyme and material.

- Entrapment: Enzymes are trapped inside a gel or matrix.

- Encapsulation: Enzymes are enclosed inside tiny capsules.

Advantages:

- Easy to reuse

- Stable enzymes

Disadvantages:

- May lose some activity

- Can be expensive

Applications:

- Used in making medicines, food, acids, and enzymes.

2) rDNA Technology (Recombinant DNA):


- Joining DNA from two sources to make a new DNA.

- This can mix DNA from different species.

Steps:

1. Choose the DNA you want to use.

2. Select a vector (carrier like plasmid).

3. Insert DNA into the vector.

4. Put this into a host cell (like bacteria).

5. Identify the cells with the new DNA.

6. Make sure it works and multiplies.

Applications:

- Making hormones (like insulin)

- Creating genetically modified animals/plants

- Making antibiotics and vaccines

- Used in gene therapy

These are the main points of the first two questions in simple language.

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