Chapter 3 Study Guide: External Analysis
Objective: Analyze external environments to identify opportunities and threats for competitive advantage.
Key Concepts:
- Strategic Position: Creating value while managing cost.
- External Environment: Macro (PESTEL) + Industry (Porter).
PESTEL Framework:
- Political: Regulation (e.g., FDA)
- Economic: Inflation, recessions affect demand
- Sociocultural: Transparency, wellness trends
- Technological: Innovation, R&D
- Environmental: Sustainability, waste
- Legal: Compliance, IP laws
Porter's Five Forces:
1. Threat of New Entrants - Low barriers = higher threat
2. Supplier Power - Few suppliers = high power
3. Buyer Power - Informed buyers = high power
4. Substitutes - Other solutions reduce demand
5. Rivalry - Saturated markets = lower profits
Industry Structures:
- Perfect Competition -> Monopoly (scale, differentiation, consolidation)
Strategic Groups:
- Firms with similar strategies.
- Use maps to understand rivalry & mobility barriers.
Common Mistakes:
- Ignoring external trends
- Confusing firm vs. industry performance
- Misusing frameworks (e.g., PESTEL != prediction tool)
Takeaways:
- Use PESTEL for macro trends, Five Forces for industry.
- Map strategic groups to visualize competitors.