NUTRACEUTICALS
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AN APPLE A DAY KEEPS THE
DOCTOR AWAY.
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GREEK PHYSICIAN HIPPOCRATES,
KNOWN AS FATHER OF MEDICINE.
(SAID SEVERAL CENTURIES
AGO)
“Let Food be Your Medicine”
The Philosophy behind is:
“Focus on Prevention”
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The term “Nutraceutical” was coined from “Nutrition” &
“Pharmaceutical” in 1989 by
Stephen DeFelice,
MD, Founder and Chairman of the Foundation for
Innovation in Medicine (FIM).
Other words used in the context:
Scope of Nutraceuticals,
Classification of N’ceuticals
Categories in which they categorised .. Continued..
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Various N’ceuticals available in market,(nutrients ,
Herbals, Vitamins , Phytochemicals,etc)
Method to enhance active components in foods
Some healthiest fruits and vegetables
Conclusion
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Nutraceutical can be defined as
“A food or part of food or nutrient,that
provides health benefits, including the
prevention and treatment of a disease.”
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SCOPE OF NUTRACEUTICALS
Disease Nutraceuticals Source
Found in
1) ligaments
Joint health ,cartilages
Glucosamine
,tissue, tendons
Proteoglycans of Chondroitin
articular cartilage
2) Cardiovascular Co Q-10
Soyabean ,olive oil
health
Melatonin
Bone marrow ,pineal
glands Fish oil
DHA
Reseveratrol Grapes, red wine
Caretonoids Carrot ,Sweet potato 7
Tea extracts
Catechin
Disease Nutraceuticals SOURCE
3) Eye health DHA Linseed (flax oil),fish
oil
Pycnogeal Barley
Lotein Spinach
Carrot ,sweet
Caretonoids potatoes
4) Cancer DHA Flax seed,linseed,fish
prevention oil
Resveratrol Red wine,grapes
Lycopene Tomatoes ,grape fruit
Tea extracts Strawberry
(ellagic acid) ,Raspberry
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CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRACEUTICALS
Class / Source Potential benefit
components
1. Fatty acids Milk & Meat Improve body
CLA composition, reduce
cancers
Reduce CVD &
n-3 FA(DHA, Fish oils, berseem & maize improve mental,
EPA) fodder,mustard,linseed, visual function
rapeseed
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Class / Source POTENTIAL BENEFIT
components
2. Polyphenols
Anthocyanidin e Fruits Nutralises free
radicals, reduce risk
Catechins
of cancer
Tea,babul pods,mustard
cake,rape seed,salseed
Flavonone Citrus
Flavones Fruits, vegetables,soya bean
Cocoa, chocolate,tea,rape seed
proanthocyani Reduce CVD
dine
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3. SAPONINS Soybeans,GNC,lucer Lower cholesterol ,
ne,chick pea anti cancer
4.Probiotics / Prebiotics / Synbiotics
Lactobacillus Dahi,yogurt Improve GI health
Fructo - Whole grains,
oligosaccharides onions, combination of Pro
& Prebiotics
5.Phytoestrogen
Daidzein , Soybean, flax, Reduce menopause
Zenistein lentilseed,maize, symptoms, bone health
berseem,lucerne,sub abul
fodder
Flax,rye, vegetables
Lignans Reduce cancer and heart
diseases
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6.Caroteinoids
-caroteine Berseem,lucerne ,oat & maize Nutralises free
fodder, Carrots, radicals
vegetabels,fruits
vegetabels
Luteine Healthy vision
Eggs,citrus,corn
Zeoxanthine
Tomatoes
Lycopene
Reduce prostate
cancer
7.dietary fiber
Insoluble fiber
Wheat bran Reduce breast,
colon cancer
-glucan Oats Reduce CVD
Whole grain Cereal grains
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CATEGORIES OF
NUTRACEUTICALS
Nutraceuticals are non specific biological
therapies used to promote wellness, prevent
malignant process and control systems . These
can be grouped into the following three broad
categories:
Substance with established nutritional
functions , such as vitamins , minerals ,amino
acids and fatty acids- Nutrients
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Herbs or botanicals products as concentrates and
extracts – Herbals
Reagents derived from other sources(eg. pyruvate ,
chondroitin sulphate , steroids hormone
,precursors)serving specific functions , such as sports
nutrition , weight loss supplements and meal
replacements – Dietary supplements.
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NUTRACEUTICALS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
Brand name Components Function
Betatene Carotenoids Immune function
Xangold Lutein esters Eye health
Potent
Lipoec lipoic acid antioxidant
Generol Phytosterol CHD reduction
Premium probiotics Intestinal disorder
probiotics
Soyabean Bone health
Soylife phytoestrogen
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Brand name Components Function
Z-trim Wheat Zero calorie fat
replacer
Linumlife Lignan extract flax Prostate health
Fenulife Fenugreek Control blood
galactomannon sugar
Teamax Green tea extract Potent antioxidant
Marinol 3 FA, DHA,EPA Heart health
protection
Clarinol CLA Weight loss
ingredient
Cholestaid Saponin Reduce cholesterol
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BROADLY CAN BE DEFINED AS:
Nutrients: Substances which have established
Nutritional functions e.g. Vitamins, Minerals,
Amino Acids, Fatty acids, etc.
Herbals/ Phytochemicals: Herbs or Botanical products
Dietary Supplements: Probiotics, Prebiotics,
Antioxidents, Enzymes, etc.
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NUTRIENTS
Most common Nutrients used/ supplemented as
Nutraceutical are:
Minerals and Vitamins.
or in combination
or in combination with other antioxidants
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HEALTH BENEFITS OF DIFFERENT
COMMON NUTRIENTS
VITAMINS
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A: Acts as antioxidant, essential for growth
and development, maintains healthy vision, skin
and mucous membranes, may aid in the
prevention and treatment of certain cancers and
in the treatment of certain skin disorders.
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Vitamin D: Essential for formation of bones and teeth, helps
the body to absorb and use
calcium
Vitamin E: Antioxidant, helps to form blood cells, boosts
immune system
Vitamin K: Essential for blood clotting
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WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Vitamin C: Antioxidant, necessary for healthy bones, gums,
teeth and skin. Helps in wound healing, prevent from
common cold
Vitamin B 1: Helps in carbohydrate metabolism, essential for
neurological function.
Vitamin B 2: Energy metabolism, maintain healthy eye, skin
and nerve function.
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Vitamin B 3: Energy metabolism, brain function
Vitamin B 6: Helps to produce essential proteins, convert
proteins to energy
Vitamin B 12: Help in producing genetic material, formatio n
of RBC, maintenance of CNS, synthesis of amino acids,
involved in metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate.
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Folic acid: Helps in RBC formation, formation of genetic
material of cell, very much essential during pregnancy
Pantothenic acid: Aids in synthesis of cholesterol, steroids,
and fatty acids, crucial for intraneuronal synthesis of
acetylcholine
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VITAMINS LIKE COMPOUNDS
L- Carnitine: Helps in oxidation of fatty acids, role
in oxidative phosphorylation,
Choline: Lipotropic agent, used to treat fatty liver
and disturbed fat metabolism,
Inositol: For amino acid transport and movement of
Potassium and sodium,
Taurine: Helps in retinal photoreceptor activity, bile
acid conjugation, WBC antioxidant activity, CNS
neuromodulation, platelet aggregation, cardiac 24
contractibility, sperm motility, insuline activity,
• MINERALS:
Calcium: essential for bone and teeth, maintaining
bone strength, nerve, muscle and glandular
function, blood clotting,
Iron: energy production, Hb, oxygen transport,
Magnesium: for healthy nerve and muscle function,
bone formation,
Phosphorous: energy production, phosphorylation25
process, bone and teeth, for genetic material,
Cobalt: component of Vit. B 12 and B 12 coenzymes,
Copper: Hb and collagen production, function of heart,
energy production, absorption of Iron,
Iodine: proper function of Thyroid gland,
Chromium: with insulin it helps in conversion of
carbohydrate and fat into energy, treatment of diabetes,
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Selenium: Antioxidant, functioning of heart muscle,
part of GPX enzyme,
Zinc: Essential for cell reproduction, for development
in Neonates, wound healing, production of sperm and
testosterone hormone,
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• HERBALS:
Aloe vera: Anti-inflammatory, emollient, wound healing,
Evening Primrose oil: Dietary supplement of linoleic acid,
treatment of atopic eczema,
Garlic: Antibacterial, antifungal, antithrombotic,
antiinflammatory,
Ginger: carminative, antiemetic, treatment of dizziness
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Ginseng: Adaptogen,
Green tea: Antioxidant, reduces risk of CVD, enhances
humoral and cell mediated Immunity,
Vegetables, fruits, whole grain, herbs, nuts and various seeds
contain an abundance of phenolic compounds, terpenoids,
sulphur compounds, pigments etc. that has been associated
with protection / treatment of certain disease conditions,
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•PHYTOCHEMICALS:
Phytochemicals could provide health
benefits as:
1. Substrate for biochemical reactions
2. Cofactors of enzymatic reactions
3. Inhibitors of enzymatic reactions
4. Absorbents that bind to & eliminate
undesirable constituent in the intestine
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5. Scavengers of reactive or toxic chemicals
6. Enhance the absorption and / or stability of
essential nutrients
7. Selective growth factor for beneficial
bacteria
8. Fermentation substrate for beneficial
bacteria
9. Selective inhibitors of deleterious intestinal
bacteria 31
VARIOUS PHYTOCHEMICALS
Phytochemicals Source Role
Tocotrienols & Grains Suppressed the growth of
tocopherols diverse tumors cell lines via
initiation of apoptosis and
concomitant arrest of cells in the
G1 phase of the cell cycle
Carotenoids Fruits & Antioxidants, protects against
vegetables uterine, prostate, colorectal,
lung and digestive tract
cancers, and protection to 32
other antioxidants.
Limonoids CITRUS FRUITS Inhibiting phase I
enzymes & inducing
phase II detoxification
enzymes in liver, provide
protection to lung tissue.
Phytosterols Various Exhibit anti-inflammatory,
plants
Phenolic Various
constituents plants,
wholegrain 33
Flavonoids GRAPES, WINES Action against free
radicals, free radicals
mediated cellular signaling,
inflammation,
allergies, platelet
aggregation, &
hepatotoxins
Antioxidants, free radical
Catechin & Grapes, berries,
scavenging ability,
gallic acids cocoa, green tea,
inhibition of eicosanoid
acacia spp.
synthesis, reduces CHD
Treating cancers &
osteoporosis
Isoflavonoids Soybeans 34
Anthocyanidins Fruits & flowers Antioxidants & anti-
mutagenic properties
Glucosinolates Cruciferous Activators of liver
detoxification enzymes,
inhibit the neoplastic
effect of various
carcinogens
Reduces estrogen-
Indoles dependent cancer risk,
Protects against
colorectal diseases,
Fiber Various
vegetables,
fruits, 35
METHOD TO ENHANCE ACTIVE
COMPONENTS IN FOOD
Manipulating the diet to get maximum level of
active components
Combination of food ingredients rich in
nutraceuticals
Fortifying food with active
ingredients
B y fermentation of foodproducts
Changing food habits to natural type of diet 36
SOME HEALTHIEST FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES
VEGETABLES BODY BENEFITS
1)Broccoli This food is loaded with
sulphoraphane ,consisting 72
mg of calcium,78 mcg of folic
acid and vitamin C
2)Cabbage The indoles in a cabbage
makes it a cancer fighter
3)Carrots A stellar source of beta-
carotene.one carrot contains
twice the RDA for vit-A
4)Tomatoes Technically consider as a
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fruit loaded with cancer
fighting lycopene and a
great source of vit-A
FRUITS BODY BENEFITS
1) Apples An apple’s 3 gm of fibre help you
meet your fibre goal of 20g to 30
g daily.High fibre diets can
lower high disease risk
2) Apricots A good source of beta
carotene(which is converted to
vit-A by the body)
providing the equivalent of 35%
of RDA for vit-A
3)Bananas They are the great source of
potassium ,which plays great
role in heart and muscles
function
4)Cherries Heart protective anthocyanins
are present and also gives colour
5)Papayas Loaded with vit-C with b-
carotene and calcium
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CONCLUSION
Nutraceuticals are present in most of the food ingredients
with varying concentration
Concentration, time and duration of supply of nutraceuticals
influence human health
Manipulating the foods, the concentration of active
ingredients can be increased
Diet rich in nutraceuticals along with regular exercise, stress
reduction and maintenance of healthy body weight will
maximise health and reduce disease risk 39
THANK YOU
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