Topic F: Homeostasis in humans
F1 Give the correct biological term for each of the 1. Vasoconstriction
following descriptions.
1 minute 2. Hypothalamus
1. The reduction in the internal diameter of blood
vessels so that less blood flows through them. 3. Negative feedback (mechanism)
2. The heat regulation centre in the brain.
3. The mechanism in the human body that detects
4. Homeostasis
changes or imbalances in the internal environment
and restores the balance.
4. The process of maintaining a constant internal
environment within the body
F2 The CO2 level in the blood must be kept constant. 1. In the neck/medulla oblongata/aortic
arch/carotid arteries.
1½ 1. Where in the body will an increase in CO2 levels
minute be detected? 2. Medulla oblongata.
2. To what part of the brain will impulses be sent
because of the detection of higher CO2 levels? 3. Intercostal muscles
3. As a result of the impulses received, the brain Diaphragm
stimulates three organs/structures to increase their Heart
work tempo. Name these three.
F3 The diagram shows how the body regulates glucose X – Insulin
levels in the blood.
1 minute Y - Glucagon
Name the hormones X and Y?
1
F4 The amount of sodium ions that is excreted can be 1. Kidney
regulated.
1½ 2. The adrenal cortex secretes more
minute 1. Which organ plays a vital role in the aldosterone. Therefore more sodium is
excretion of sodium ions to help the body to reabsorbed by the blood capillaries at
maintain healthy salt levels? the distal and collecting tubules and
less sodium ions are excreted.
2. Explain what happens when there is a
shortage of sodium in the blood.
F5 The diagram below represents the homeostatic X – Less Aldosterone
control of salt levels in the blood. What does the
1 minute parts labelled X and Y represent? Y – More Aldosterone
Salt level increase X released
Normal salt levels in blood
Y released Salt level decrease
F6 Which of the following factors could possibly result
in a person excreting more urine than normal? B
½minute A Excessive intake of salty foods
B A low concentration of ADH in the blood
C Low blood pressure as a result of little tissue fluid
D A high reabsorption of water in the proximal
convoluted tubules
F7 1. Dermis
1 minute 2. More thyroxin is secreted. The rate
of oxidation of glucose in the cells
increases/metabolic rate increases and
more heat is released.
The diagram shows the
skin on a cold day.
1. In which layer of the skin are the sweat glands
located?
2. Explain how the thyroid gland is functionally
related to body temperature on a cold day.
2
F8 The diagrams show structures within the human skin 1 – Cold
under two different external conditions. 2 – Hot
2
minutes Reasons:
Condition 1: No sweat is formed.
Vasoconstriction of the blood vessel.
Condition 2: Sweat is formed by the
sweat gland and vasodilation of the
blood vessel.
What are the external conditions in 1 and 2?
Give observable reasons for your answers.
F9 1. What happens to blood vessels of the skin on a 1. Blood vessels dilate/vasodilation
hot day?
1 minute 2. More blood flows to the surface of
2. Describe how the state of the blood vessels the skin.
mentioned in question 1 increases heat loss. More heat is lost from the surface of
the skin.
More blood flows to the sweat glands.
Sweat glands release more sweat.
Evaporation of sweat cools the skin on
a hot day.
