BACNOR NATIONAL HIGH Grade

School 11
SCHOOL Level

Learning
Teacher MIRASOL G. RAMOS PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Area
Teaching
DETAILED
Dates & MARCH 5, 2025 @ 1:50-2:50 Quarter 4TH
LESSON PLAN
Time

I. OBJECTIVES
A.Content Standard: The learners demonstrate understanding of light as a wave and a
particle.
B.Performance Standard: The learners should be able to design and create a useful product for
practical purposes that uses mirrors and lenses.
C.Learning Competency The learners should be able to describe how the propagation of light,
(with code): reflection, and refraction are explained by the wave model and the
particle model of light; S11/12PS-IVf-59
D.Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to be able to:
1. describe the behavior of light during reflection by explaining the
relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of
reflection.
2. illustrate the reflection of light by drawing accurate ray diagrams;
and
3. apply the principles of reflection explaining how reflection is
used in everyday objects.
II. SUBJECT MATTER Light: Reflection
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide Pages
2. Learner’s Material Page
3. Textbook Pages
4. Additional Materials from Physical Science Quarter 2 – Module 3: Reflection of Light
Learning
Resources/LRMDS
Portal
B. Materials Laser, Ruler, Blue Ballpen, Red Ballpen, Mirror, Manila Paper, Marker,
Strips of Colored Paper (Red, Blue, and Yellow), and PowerPoint
Presentation
IV. PROCEDURE TEACHER’S ACTIVITY LEARNERS’ ACTIVITY
A. Drill/Review/ Unlocking To check your prior knowledge of
of Difficulties our topic for today, we will be
Reviewing previous having an activity called “Traffic
lesson or presenting the Lights”.
new lesson
I will read a statement about the
light, and you will respond by
raising one of the colored papers.

Red means you disagree, yellow

means you are unsure or have little
understanding, and green means
you agree with the statement.
 Do you have any questions or
clarifications? None, teacher!

Let’s start!

1. Light behaves as both a wave

and a particle because it
reflects, refracts, and transfers
energy depending on the
material it encounters. Green
2. Absorption of light happens
when a material takes in the
light energy, converting it to
heat or another form of energy. Green
3. Clear glass allows the least
transmission of light compared
to materials like wood, frosted
glass, or black cloth. Red
4. Materials with smooth, shiny
surfaces, like mirrors or
polished metals, have a strong
ability to reflect light. Green

The statements presented

emphasize that light behaves both
as a wave and a particle. Light also
travels in a straight line, and
depending on the material it hits, it
can be refracted, absorbed, or
reflected.

Today, we will focus on how light is

reflected.

Kindly read our learning objectives

this day. 1. describe the behavior of light
during reflection by explaining
the relationship between the
angle of incidence and the
angle of reflection.
2. illustrate the reflection of light
by drawing accurate ray
diagrams; and
3. apply the principles of
reflection by distinguishing
between diffuse and specular
reflection and explaining how
reflection is used in everyday
objects.
Thank you, dear learners!
B. Motivation Have you ever wondered why
Establishing a purpose images formed in mirrors seem to
for the lesson flip from right to left?

Next, why is it harder to see the

 road when driving at night on a wet
road?

And lastly, why can we sometimes

see the sky or nearby objects
reflected on the surface of water?

I know you already have answers

to these questions, but let’s
strengthen your understanding as
we explore the reflection of light
more deeply.
C. Presentation Have you ever looked in a mirror
Presenting examples or and wondered how it shows your
instances of the new reflection so perfectly?
lesson
That’s because of how light
behaves when it hits a smooth, flat
surface — like a plane mirror. But
have you ever thought about how
these mirrors are made? Plane
mirrors are created by coating one
side of a flat glass sheet with a thin
layer of reflective material, like
aluminum or silver. This reflective
layer is what bounces light back,
creating the clear images we see.

How are these clear images

formed? Let’s find out by exploring
how light reflection works through
an activity!

Kindly read the guidelines. 1. The class will be divided into 4

groups.
2. Place the plane mirror on the
designated part of the printed
protractor paper so it stands
upright along the indicated line.
3. Use the given mirrors, lasers,
and protractors to observe how
light reflects at different angles.
4. Shine light on the mirror at
different angles and observe
how the light reflects.
5. Measure the angles and record
your observations.
6. Answer the guide questions.

Do you have any questions or

clarifications? None, teacher!

You have 10 minutes to do the

activity. (The learners will do the activity.)
D. Modeling Now that you’ve completed the
Discussing new concepts activity, let’s hear from you first.
and practicing new skills Based on your observations, can
#1 anyone describe the different parts
of the light’s path as it reflects off
the mirror? The light from the laser hit the
mirror and then bounced off in a
different direction.
Excellent!

Let’s go over each term to make

sure we understand them clearly.

First, the normal line. From what

you observed, what do you think
this line represents? It’s a straight line at a right angle
to the mirror’s surface. It helps
show the angles of the light.
That’s right!

The normal is an imaginary line

drawn perpendicular (at a 90°
angle) to the surface of the mirror.
It helps us measure and compare
angles of light.

Now, who can describe the incident

ray based on what you did in the
activity? The incident ray is the light
coming from the laser going
toward the mirror. We used the
red pen for this.
Exactly!

The incident ray is the ray of light

that comes from the laser and
travels toward the mirror. The
incident ray is the starting point of
the reflection process.

When the incident ray hits the

mirror, it bounces off. What do we
call the ray that is formed after the
light bounces away from the That’s the reflected ray. It’s the
mirror? light bouncing off the mirror, and
we used the blue pen for it.

Great!

Reflected ray is the ray of light that

moves away from the mirror’s
surface after reflection.

How do we identify the angle of The angle of incidence is the

incidence and angle of reflection? angle between the incident ray
 and the normal line, and the
angle of reflection is the angle
between the reflected ray and
the normal line. We can quantify
it using a protractor.

That’s right!

Now, let’s hear from your groups.

Please share your answers from
the table and guide questions.
Group 1, present the content of Angle of Angle of
Trial
your table. Incidence Reflection
1
2
3
4

Thank you, Group 1.

Now, Group 2, what do you notice

about the angles of incidence and The angles of incidence and
reflection in each trial? reflection are always equal in
every trial.

Group 3, how would you describe

the relationship between these two They always match, no matter
angles? the angle of the incoming light.

Lastly, Group 4, based on your

observations, what conclusion can
you draw about the behavior of Light always reflects at the same
light when it reflects off a plane angle that it hits the mirror. The
mirror? angle of incidence equals the
angle of reflection.

From what you’ve seen, we can

introduce an important principle of
light behavior called the Law of
Reflection. This law states that:

"The angle of incidence is always

equal to the angle of reflection."

No matter the angle at which light

hits a flat, smooth surface like a
plane mirror, the light will always
reflect at the same angle on the
opposite side of the normal line.
This explains why mirrors show
 accurate reflections and why your
measurements from the activity
matched up so closely.
E. Guided Practice Now, let’s move on to
Discussing new concepts understanding how images are
and practicing new skills formed in a plane mirror. I’ll
#2 demonstrate how we can locate the
image of an object using ray
diagramming.

Watch closely. We’ll draw two rays

from the top of the object — one
ray perpendicular to the mirror and
one at an angle. Remember how
light reflects — the angle of
incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection. Let’s draw the reflected
rays.

Now, let’s extend the rays

backward.

See where these reflected rays

meet? That’s where the image of
the object is formed.

Now, based on this diagram and

your observations, how would you
describe the characteristics of the The image is upright, the same
image formed by a plane mirror? size as the object, and appears
behind the mirror. The image
also appears to be the same
distance behind the mirror as the
object is in front of it.

Exactly!

The image in a plane mirror is

always upright, same-sized,
laterally inverted, and appears
behind the mirror at the same
distance as the object in front of it.

Now that we know the

characteristics of the image, let’s
connect this to one of our essential
questions: Why do images in a
mirror appear flipped from right to It looks flipped because of the
left? way light reflects off the mirror,
but it’s not actually reversed. It’s
just like we’re seeing the object
from the opposite side.

That’s a good observation!

 But let’s clarify this further. The
image only appears flipped
because we perceive it as being
behind the mirror. In reality, the
mirror preserves the orientation of
your body. When you raise your
right hand, the image raises its
right hand — it just faces you,
making it seem like the left and
right are reversed. This effect is
called lateral inversion, but the
sides aren’t actually switching —
it’s just our perspective of the
reflection.
F. Independent Practice The previous activities focused on
Developing mastery investigating and observing how
images are formed in plane mirrors
as a class and as a group. This
time, you will work individually. I will
give a question and I want you to
answer in a ¼ sheet of paper.

An eye observes object P by

reflection in a plane mirror. Which
of the following ray diagrams is
correct, and why is it the correct
one?

The correct ray diagram is letter

B, as it accurately shows the
proper reflection of rays. The
image is located at the same
distance from the mirror as the
object.

Exactly right!
G. Application/Valuing Understanding reflection of light
Finding practical helps us understand some this
applications of concepts around us.
and skills in daily living
For example, knowing that smooth
surfaces reflect light more
effectively, we can understand why
it’s harder to see the road when
driving on a wet night. Water fills
the cracks and bumps, making the
road smoother and more reflective.
This causes light to bounce off in
one direction, creating glare and
reducing visibility.

Can you give me another

 importance of understanding
reflection of light? Understanding the reflection of
light is important in road safety.
Reflectors on vehicles and road
signs use this principle to bounce
light from headlights back toward
drivers, making them more
visible at night and preventing
Very good! accidents.

Reflection of light is also the reason

why can we sometimes see the sky
or nearby objects reflected on the
surface of water.

H. Generalization To help you remember the

Making generalizations concepts that we discussed, I want
and abstractions about you to take a look at the given
the lesson concept map about reflection of
light.

Do you have any questions or

something you’d like me to explain None, teacher!
more?
I. Evaluation To check if you really learned from
Evaluating learning our lesson today, answer the given
5 multiple choice questions.

1. If the incident ray is at an angle

of 38º on a mirror, what is the
angle between normal line and
reflected ray?
A. 38º
B. 52º
C. 90º
D. 76º A

For number 2-3, refer to the

following figure:
 2. Which of the following
represents the reflected ray on
the reflecting surface?
A. AF
B. BF
C. CF
D. FE D

3. Which of the following

represents the angle of
incidence?
A. CFD
B. AFC
C. DFE
D. BFE A

4. A point source of light is placed

in front of a plane mirror. When
the reflected rays are extended
backward, what does this tell us
about the formation of the
image?
A. The reflected rays actually
converge at a real point behind
the mirror.
B. The reflected rays appear to
diverge from a virtual point
behind the mirror.
C. The reflected rays remain
parallel and do not meet at any
point.
D. The reflected rays form multiple
images depending on their
angles of reflection. A

5. Which of the following is not the

case with image formed by a
plane mirror?
A. It is erect.
B. It is virtual.
C. It is diminished.
D. It is at the same distance as the
object. C
J. Assignment This time, it’s time for you to
Additional activities for continue your learning outside the
application or classroom, it’s time for you to
remediation arouse your curiosity and deepen
your understanding about the
lesson so that you will not forget it.

Read and answer the question and

explain your answer:
What should be the minimum size
of a plane mirror for you to see
 your full image? Support your
answer by drawing a ray diagram
that shows how light reflects from
the mirror to your eyes. (The learners will copy the
question in their notebooks.)
Have a fun research and discovery,
learners!

Good bye!”
Good bye and thank you,
Teacher.
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of pupils who earned
80% in the evaluation
B. No. of pupils who require
additional activities for
remediation:
C. Did the remedial lessons
work? No. of Learners
who have caught up with
the lesson?
D. No. Of learners who
continue to require
remediation.
E. Which of my teaching
strategies worked well?
Why did these work?
F. What difficulties did I
encounter which my
principal or supervisor
can help me solve?
G. What innovation of
localized materials did I
used/discover which I
wish to share with other
teachers?