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Class 9 Chapter Start

The document covers the concept of force, its effects, and types, including contact and non-contact forces. It explains Newton's three laws of motion, key formulas, and provides example problems for better understanding. Additionally, it offers tips for exam preparation related to these topics.

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15 views3 pages

Class 9 Chapter Start

The document covers the concept of force, its effects, and types, including contact and non-contact forces. It explains Newton's three laws of motion, key formulas, and provides example problems for better understanding. Additionally, it offers tips for exam preparation related to these topics.

Uploaded by

xaidmahi777
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Chapter: Force and Laws of

Motion
🔹 What is Force?
Force is a physical cause that changes or tends to change the state of an object (rest or
motion) or its direction. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

• SI Unit: Newton (N)


• Instrument: Spring balance
• Formula: F = m × a (Force = mass × acceleration)

🔹 Effects of Force
1. Change in speed of an object
2. Change in direction of motion
3. Change in shape or size
4. Bring an object to rest or set it in motion

🔹 Types of Force

1. Contact Forces
These forces require physical contact between two objects.

• Frictional Force
• Muscular Force
• Tension Force
• Normal Force

2. Non-contact Forces
These forces act from a distance without physical contact.

• Gravitational Force
• Magnetic Force
• Electrostatic Force
🔹 Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)
An object remains at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change
that state by an external force.

• Inertia: The property of a body to resist any change in its state of motion.
• More mass = more inertia

🔹 Newton’s Second Law of Motion


The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the applied force.

• Formula: F = m × a
• F = force (N), m = mass (kg), a = acceleration (m/s²)
• Momentum (p) = mass × velocity

🔹 Newton’s Third Law of Motion


For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

• These forces act on two different objects.


• Example: Gun recoils after firing.

🔹 Important Equations
1. F = m × a
2. p = m × v (Momentum)
3. Impulse = F × t
4. Acceleration = (v - u)/t
5. v = u + at
6. s = ut + ½at²
7. v² = u² + 2as

🔹 Example Problems
Q1. A 2 kg object is pushed with 6 N force. Find its acceleration.
Sol: a = F/m = 6/2 = 3 m/s²

Q2. A 3 kg object moves at 4 m/s. Find its momentum.


Sol: p = mv = 3 × 4 = 12 kg·m/s
🔹 Summary Table
• Force: Push or pull
• Newton (N): Unit of force
• Contact Force: Friction, Muscular
• Non-contact Force: Gravity, Magnetism
• First Law: Inertia
• Second Law: F = ma
• Third Law: Action-Reaction
• Momentum: p = mv
• Impulse: F × t

📝 Tips for AMU & JMI Exams


• Learn and understand laws clearly.
• Revise formulas daily.
• Solve at least 5 numericals each week.
• Understand differences between each law and their real-life applications.

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