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Important Information
Thank you for choosing Freenove products!

Getting Started

First, please read the Start Here.pdf document in the unzipped folder you created.
If you have not yet downloaded the zip file, associated with this kit, please do so now and unzip it.

Get Support and Offer Input

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 Product quality issues
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 Your input and opinions are always welcome
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For any of the above, you may send us an email to:

support@freenove.com
Safety and Precautions

Please follow the following safety precautions when using or storing this product:
 Keep this product out of the reach of children under 6 years old.
 This product should be used only when there is adult supervision present as young children lack
necessary judgment regarding safety and the consequences of product misuse.
 This product contains small parts and parts, which are sharp. This product contains electrically conductive
parts. Use caution with electrically conductive parts near or around power supplies, batteries and
powered (live) circuits.
 When the product is turned ON, activated or tested, some parts will move or rotate. To avoid injuries
to hands and fingers keep them away from any moving parts!
 It is possible that an improperly connected or shorted circuit may cause overheating. Should this happen,
immediately disconnect the power supply or remove the batteries and do not touch anything until
it cools down! When everything is safe and cool, review the product tutorial to identify the cause.
 Only operate the product in accordance with the instructions and guidelines of this tutorial, otherwise
parts may be damaged or you could be injured.
 Store the product in a cool dry place and avoid exposing the product to direct sunlight.
 After use, always turn the power OFF and remove or unplug the batteries before storing.

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About Freenove

Freenove provides open source electronic products and services worldwide.

Freenove is committed to assist customers in their education of robotics, programming and electronic circuits
so that they may transform their creative ideas into prototypes and new and innovative products. To this end,
our services include but are not limited to:

 Educational and Entertaining Project Kits for Robots, Smart Cars and Drones
 Educational Kits to Learn Robotic Software Systems for Arduino, Raspberry Pi and micro: bit
 Electronic Component Assortments, Electronic Modules and Specialized Tools
 Product Development and Customization Services

You can find more about Freenove and get our latest news and updates through our website:

http://www.freenove.com

sale@freenove.com

Copyright

All the files, materials and instructional guides provided are released under Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. A copy of this license can be found in the folder containing
the Tutorial and software files associated with this product.

This means you can use these resource in your own derived works, in part or completely but NOT for the
intent or purpose of commercial use.

Freenove brand and logo are copyright of Freenove Creative Technology Co., Ltd. and cannot be used without
written permission.

TM

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 1

Contents

Important Information....................................................... 1
Contents ................................................................................. 1
Preface .................................................................................... 1
ESP32-S3 WROOM .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
CH343 (Importance) ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Programming Software ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Install Arduino ESP32 Package ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Config ESP32S3 WROOM Lite ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Notes for GPIO......................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Chapter 1 LED ................................................................... 25

Project 1.1 Blink ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Chapter 2 WS2812 .......................................................... 34

Project 2.1 WS2812 ................................................................................................................................................................ 34

Chapter 3 Serial Communication................................ 39

Project 3.1 Serial Print............................................................................................................................................................ 39
Project 3.2 Serial Read and Write ...................................................................................................................................... 43

Chapter 4 BLE .................................................................... 45

Project 4.1 Bluetooth Low Energy Data Passthrough ................................................................................................. 45
Project 4.2 Bluetooth Control LED .................................................................................................................................... 57

Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes .................................. 63

Project 5.1 Station mode ...................................................................................................................................................... 63
Project 5.2 AP mode .............................................................................................................................................................. 67
Project 5.3 AP+Station mode ............................................................................................................................................. 72

Chapter 6 TCP/IP.............................................................. 76
Project 6.1 As Client ............................................................................................................................................................... 76
Project 6.2 As Server .............................................................................................................................................................. 88

What’s next? ...................................................................... 93

End of the Tutorial ........................................................... 93

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 1

Preface
ESP32-S3 is a micro control unit with integrated Wi-Fi launched by Espressif, which features strong properties
and integrates rich peripherals. It can be designed and studied as an ordinary Single Chip Micyoco(SCM) chip,
or connected to the Internet and used as an Internet of Things device.

ESP32-S3 can be developed using the Arduino platform, which will definitely make it easier for people who
have learned arduino to master. Moreover, the code of ESP32-S3 is completely open-source, so beginners
can quickly learn how to develop and design IOT smart household products including smart curtains, fans,
lamps and clocks.

Generally, ESP32-S3 projects consist of code and circuits. Don't worry even if you've never learned code and
circuits, because we will gradually introduce the basic knowledge of C programming language and electronic
circuits, from easy to difficult. Our products contain all the electronic components and modules needed to
complete these projects. It's especially suitable for beginners.

We divide each project into four parts, namely Component List, Component Knowledge, Circuit and Code.
Component List helps you to prepare material for the experiment more quickly. Component Knowledge allows
you to quickly understand new electronic modules or components, while Circuit helps you understand the
operating principle of the circuit. And Code allows you to easily master the use of SEP32 and accessory kit.
After finishing all the projects in this tutorial, you can also use these components and modules to make
products such as smart household, smart cars and robots to transform your creative ideas into prototypes
and new and innovative products.

In addition, if you have any difficulties or questions with this tutorial or toolkit, feel free to ask for our quick
and free technical support through support@freenove.com

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2 Preface www.freenove.com █

ESP32-S3 WROOM

ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 has launched a total of two antenna packages, PCB on-board antenna and IPEX
antenna respectively. The PCB on-board antenna is an integrated antenna in the chip module itself, so it is
convenient to carry and design. The IPEX antenna is a metal antenna derived from the integrated antenna of
the chip module itself, which is used to enhance the signal of the module.
PCB on-board antenna IPEX antenna

In this tutorial, the ESP32-S3 WROOM is designed based on the PCB on-board antenna-packaged ESP32-
S3-WROOM-1 module.
ESP32-S3 WROOM Lite

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The hardware interfaces of ESP32-S3 WROOM are distributed as follows:

Compare the left and right images. We've boxed off the resources on the ESP32-S3 WROOM in different
colors to facilitate your understanding of the ESP32-S3 WROOM.
Box color Corresponding resources introduction
GPIO pin

LED indicator

Reset button, Boot mode selection button

USB port

For more information, please visit: https://www.espressif.com.cn/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-

s3-wroom-1_wroom-1u_datasheet_en.pdf.

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CH343 (Importance)

ESP32-S3 WROOM uses CH343 to download codes. So before using it, we need to install CH343 driver in our
computers.

Windows

Check whether CH343 has been installed

1. Connect your computer and ESP32-S3 WROOM with a Type C cable.

2. Turn to the main interface of your computer, select “This PC” and right-click to select “Manage”.

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 5

3. Click “Device Manager”. If your computer has installed CH343, you can see“USB-Enhances-SERIAL
CH343 (COMx)”. And you can click here to move to the next step.

CH343 Port

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Installing CH343
1. First, download CH343 driver, click http://www.wch-ic.com/search?t=all&q=ch343 to download the
appropriate one based on your operating system.

Windows

MAC

If you would not like to download the installation package, you can open
“Freenove_ESP32_S3_WROOM_Board_Lite/CH343”, we have prepared the installation package.

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 7

2. Open the folder “Freenove_ESP32_S3_WROOM_Board_Lite/CH343/Windows/”

3. Double click “CH343SER.EXE”.

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4. Click “INSTALL” and wait for the installation to complete.

5. Install successfully. Close all interfaces.

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 9

6. When ESP32-S3 WROOM is connected to computer, select “This PC”, right-click to select “Manage” and
click “Device Manager” in the newly pop-up dialog box, and you can see the following interface.

7. So far, CH343 has been installed successfully. Close all dialog boxes.

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MAC

First, download CH343 driver, click http://www.wch-ic.com/search?t=all&q=ch343 to download the

appropriate one based on your operating system.

Windows

MAC

If you would not like to download the installation package, you can open
“Freenove_ESP32_S3_WROOM_Board_Lite/CH343”, we have prepared the installation package.
Second, open the folder “Freenove_ESP32_S3_WROOM_Board_Lite/CH343/MAC/”

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 11

Run it.

Third, click Continue.

Fourth, click Install.

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Then, waiting Finsh.

Finally, restart your PC.

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 15

If you still haven't installed the CH340 by following the steps above, you can view readme.pdf to install it.

ReadMe

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Programming Software

Arduino Software (IDE) is used to write and upload the code for Arduino Board.
First, install Arduino Software (IDE): visit https://www.arduino.cc, click "Download" to enter the download page.

Select and download corresponding installer according to your operating system. If you are a windows user,
please select the "Windows Installer" to download to install the driver correctly.

After the download completes, run the installer. For Windows users, there may pop up an installation dialog
box of driver during the installation process. When it popes up, please allow the installation.
After installation is complete, an Arduino Software shortcut will be generated in the desktop. Run the Arduino
Software.

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The interface of Arduino Software is as follows:

Menus

Toolbar

Text editor

Message
area

Console

Configured board
and serial port

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Programs written with Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches are written in the text
editor and saved with the file extension.ino. The editor has features for cutting/pasting and
searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays
errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages
and other information. The bottom right-hand corner of the window displays the configured board and
serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open, and save sketches,
and open the serial monitor.

Verify
Check your code for compile errors .
Upload
Compile your code and upload them to the configured board.
Debug
Debug code running on the board. (Some development boards do not
support this function)
Development board selection
Configure the support package and upload port of the development
board.
Serial Plotter
Receive serial port data and plot it in a discounted graph.
Serial Monitor
Open the serial monitor.

Additional commands are found within the five menus: File, Edit, Sketch, Tools, Help. The menus are context
sensitive, which means only those items relevant to the work currently being carried out are available.

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 19

Install Arduino ESP32 Package

First, open the software platform arduino, and then click File in Menus and select Preferences.

Second, click on the symbol behind "Additional Boards Manager URLs"

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Third, fill in https://raw.githubusercontent.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/gh-

pages/package_esp32_index.json in the new window, click OK, and click OK on the Preferences window
again.

Fourth, click "Boards Manager". Enter “esp32” in Boards manager and select 3.0.4，Then click “INSTALL”.

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 21

Arduinowill download these files automaticly. Wait for the installation to complete.

When finishing installation, click Tools in the Menus again and select Board: "Arduino Uno", and then you
can see information of ESP32. click "ESP32-S3 Dev Module" so that the ESP32-S3 programming
development environment is configured.

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Config ESP32S3 WROOM Lite

Please configure the ESP32S3 WROOM as follows when opening each Sketch.

Select the board

model

Select 8MB flash

Partition scheme
for flash

Select OPI PSRAM

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 █ www.freenove.com Preface 23

Notes for GPIO

Strapping Pin

There are four Strapping pins for ESP32-S3：GPIO0、GPIO45、GPIO46、GPIO3。

With the release of the chip's system reset (power-on reset, RTC watchdog reset, undervoltage reset), the
strapping pins sample the level and store it in the latch as "0" or "1" ", and keep it until the chip is powered
off or turned off.
Each Strapping pin is connecting to internal pull-up/pull-down. Connecting to high-impedance external
circuit or without an external connection, a strapping pin's default value of input level will be determined by
internal weak pull-up/pull-down. To change the value of the Strapping, users can apply an external pull-
down/pull-up resistor, or use the GPIO of the host MCU to control the level of the strapping pin when the
ESP32-S3’s power on reset is released.
When releasing the reset, the strapping pin has the same function as a normal pin.
The followings are default configurations of these four strapping pins at power-on and their functions under
the corresponding configuration.

If you have any difficulties or questions with this tutorial or toolkit, feel free to ask for our quick and free
technical support through support@freenove.com at any time.
or check: https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-s3-wroom-1_wroom-
1u_datasheet_en.pdf

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PSRAM Pin

The module on the ESP32-S3-WROOM board uses the ESP32-S3R8 chip with 8MB of external Flash. When
we use the OPI PSRAM, please note that the GPIO35-GPIO37 on the ESP32-S3-WROOM board will not be
available for other purposes. When OPI PSRAM is not used, GPIO35-GPIO37 on the board can be used as
normal GPIO.

USB Pin

In Micropython, GPIO19 and GPIO20 are used for the USB function of ESP32S3, so they cannot be used as
other functions!

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 1 LED 25

Chapter 1 LED
This chapter is the Start Point in the journey to build and explore ESP32-S3 WROOM electronic projects. We
will start with simple “Blink” project.

Project 1.1 Blink

In this project, we will use ESP32-S3 WROOM to control blinking a common LED.

Component List

ESP32-S3 WROOM x1 Type C Wire x1

Power
ESP32-S3 WROOM needs 5v power supply. In this tutorial, we need connect ESP32-S3 WROOM to computer
via Type C cable to power it and program it. We can also use other 5v power source to power it.

In the following projects, we only use Type C cable to power ESP32-S3 WROOM by default.

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Sketch

According to the circuit, when the GPIO2 of ESP32-S3 WROOM output level is high, the LED turns ON.
Conversely, when the GPIO2 ESP32-S3 WROOM output level is low, the LED turns OFF. Therefore, we can let
GPIO2 circularly output high and low level to make the LED blink.
Upload the following Sketch:
Freenove_ESP32_S3_WROOM_Board_Lite\Sketches\Sketch_01.1_Blink.
Next we will introduce two ways to upload code to ESP32-S3 WROOM.
Option 1：
Connect ESP32-S3 WROOM to computer.

Open Arduino IDE. Click Tools->Upload Mode. Select UART0 / Hardware CDC.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 1 LED 27

Before uploading the code, click "Tools", "Board" and select "ESP32S3 Dev Module".

Select the serial port.

Note that the computer port number of each user may be different. Please select the correct serial
port according to your computer. Taking the window system as an example, my computer
recognizes that the communication interface of the ESP32-S3-WROOM is COM3, so I select COM3.

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Note: For macOS users, if the uploading fails, please set the baud rate to 115200 before clicking
“Upload Using Programmer”.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 1 LED 29

Click the Upload button and it will compile and upload the Sketch to the ESP32-S3-WROOM.

Wait for the Sketch upload to complete, and observe the ESP32-S3-WROOM. You can see that the blue
LED (IO2) on the board flashes cyclically.

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Option 2:
Connect ESP32-S3 WROOM to computer.

Open Arduino IDE. Click Tools->USB CDC On Boot: Enable.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 1 LED 31

Select the serial port.

Note that the computer port number of each user may be different. Please select the correct serial
port according to your computer. Taking the window system as an example, my computer
recognizes that the communication interface of the ESP32-S3-WROOM is COM25, so I select
COM25.

Click the Upload button and it will compile and upload the Sketch to the ESP32-S3-WROOM.

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Wait for the Sketch upload to complete, and observe the ESP32-S3-WROOM. You can see that the blue
LED (IO2) on the board flashes cyclically.

Sketch_01.1_Blink
The following is the program code:
1 #define LED_BUILTIN 2
2 // the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
3 void setup() {
4 // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
5 pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
6 }
7
8 // the loop function runs over and over again forever
9 void loop() {
10 digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
11 delay(1000); // wait for a second
12 digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
13 delay(1000); // wait for a second
14 }

The Arduino IDE code usually contains two basic functions: void setup() and void loop().
After the board is reset, the setup() function will be executed firstly, and then the loop() function.
setup() function is generally used to write code to initialize the hardware. And loop() function is used to write
code to achieve certain functions. loop() function is executed repeatedly. When the execution reaches the end
of loop(), it will jump to the beginning of loop() to run again.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 1 LED 33

eset 1 // the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
2 void setup() {
… …
5 }
6
7 // the loop function runs over and over again forever
8 void loop() {
… …
13 }

Reset
Reset operation will lead the code to be executed from the beginning. Switching on the power, finishing
uploading the code and pressing the reset button will trigger reset operation.
In the circuit, ESP32-S3 WROOM's GPIO2 is connected to the LED, so the LED pin is defined as 2.
1 #define LED_BUILTIN 2
This means that after this line of code, all LED_BUILTIN will be treated as 2.
In the setup () function, first, we set the LED_BUILTIN as output mode, which can make the port output high
level or low level.
4 // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
5 pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
Then, in the loop () function, set the LED_BUILTIN to output high level to make LED light up.
10 digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
Wait for 1000ms, that is 1s. Delay () function is used to make control board wait for a moment before executing
the next statement. The parameter indicates the number of milliseconds to wait for.
11 delay(1000); // wait for a second
Then set the LED_BUILTIN to output low level, and LED light off. One second later, the execution of loop ()
function will be completed.
12 digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
13 delay(1000); // wait for a second
The loop() function is constantly being executed, so LED will keep blinking.

Reference
void pinMode(int pin, int mode);
Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output.
Parameters
pin: the pin number to set the mode of.
mode: INPUT, OUTPUT, INPUT_PULLDOWM, or INPUT_PULLUP.
void digitalWrite (int pin, int value);
Writes the value HIGH or LOW (1 or 0) to the given pin which must have been previously set as an output.
For more related functions, please refer to https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/

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34 Chapter 2 WS2812 www.freenove.com █

Chapter 2 WS2812
This chapter will help you learn to use a more convenient RGB LED lamp, which requires only one GPIO
control and can be connected in infinite series in theory. Each LED can be controlled independently.

Project 2.1 WS2812

Learn the basic usage of ws2812 and use it to flash red, green, blue and white.

Circuit

Connect your computer and ESP32-S3 WROOM with a Type C cable.

Sketch

This code uses a library named "Freenove_WS2812_Lib_for_ESP32", if you have not installed it, please do so
first.
Library is an important feature of the open source world, and we know that Arduino is an open source platform
that everyone can contribute to. Libraries are generally licensed under the LGPL, which means you can use
them for free to apply to your creations.

How to install the library

There are two ways to add libraries.
The first way, open the Arduino IDE, click Manager Libraries.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 2 WS2812 35

In the window, Library Manager, search for the name of the Library, “Freenove WS2812 Lib for ESP32”. Then
click Install.

The second way，open Arduino IDE，click SketchInclude LibraryAdd .ZIP Library，In the pop-up window,
find the file named “./Libraries/Freenove_WS2812_Lib_for_ESP32.Zip” which locates in this directory，and
click OPEN.

Sketch_02.1_WS2812

Download the code to ESP32-S3 WROOM and RGB LED begins to light up in red, green, blue, white and black.

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The following is the program code:

1 #include "Freenove_WS2812_Lib_for_ESP32.h"
2
3 #define LEDS_COUNT 1 // The number of led
4 #define LEDS_PIN 16 // define the pin connected to the led strip
5 #define CHANNEL 0 // RMT channel
6
7 Freenove_ESP32_WS2812 strip = Freenove_ESP32_WS2812(LEDS_COUNT, LEDS_PIN, CHANNEL, TYPE_GRB);
8
9 u8 m_color[5][3] = { {255, 0, 0}, {0, 255, 0}, {0, 0, 255}, {255, 255, 255}, {0, 0, 0} };
10 int delayval = 100;
11
12 void setup() {
13 strip.begin();
14 strip.setBrightness(10);
15 }
16 void loop() {
17 for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
18 for (int i = 0; i < LEDS_COUNT; i++) {
19 strip.setLedColorData(i, m_color[j][0], m_color[j][1], m_color[j][2]);
20 strip.show();
21 delay(delayval);
22 }
23 delay(500);
24 }
25 }

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 2 WS2812 37

To use some libraries, first you need to include the library's header file.
1 #include "Freenove_WS2812_Lib_for_ESP32.h"
Define the pins connected to the ring, the number of LEDs on the ring, and RMT channel values。
3 #define LEDS_COUNT 1 // The number of led
4 #define LEDS_PIN 16 // define the pin connected to the led strip
5 #define CHANNEL 0 // RMT channel
Use the above parameters to create a ws2812 object strip.
7 Freenove_ESP32_WS2812 strip = Freenove_ESP32_WS2812(LEDS_COUNT, LEDS_PIN, CHANNEL, TYPE_GRB);
Define the color values to be used, as red, green, blue, white, and black.
9 u8 m_color[5][3] = { {255, 0, 0}, {0, 255, 0}, {0, 0, 255}, {255, 255, 255}, {0, 0, 0} };
Define a variable to set the time interval for each led to light up. The smaller the value is, the faster it will
light up.
10 int delayval = 50;
Initialize strip() in setup() and set the brightness.
13 strip.begin();
14 strip.setBrightness(10);
In the loop(), there are two “for” loops, the internal for loop to light the LED one by one, and the external for
loop to switch colors. strip.setLedColorData() is used to set the color, but it does not change immediately.
Only when strip.show() is called will the color data be sent to the LED to change the color.
17 for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
18 for (int i = 0; i < LEDS_COUNT; i++) {
19 strip.setLedColorData(i, m_color[j][0], m_color[j][1], m_color[j][2]);
20 strip.show();
21 delay(delayval);
22 }
23 delay(500);
24 }
Reference
Freenove_ESP32_WS2812(u16 n = 8, u8 pin_gpio = 2, u8 chn = 0, LED_TYPE t = TYPE_GRB)
Constructor to create a Ws2812 object.
Before each use of the constructor, please add “#include "Freenove_WS2812_Lib_for_ESP32.h”
Parameters
n：The number of led.
pin_gpio：A pin connected to an led.
Chn: RMT channel, which uses channel 0 by default, has a total of eight channels, 0-7. This means that you
can use eight LEDPixel modules for the display at the same time, and these modules do not interfere with
each other
t：Types of LED.
TYPE_RGB：The sequence of Ws2812 module loading color is red, green and blue.
TYPE_RBG：The sequence of Ws2812 module loading color is red, blue and green.
TYPE_GRB：The sequence of Ws2812 module loading color is green, red and blue.
TYPE_GBR：The sequence of Ws2812 module loading color is green, blue and red.
TYPE_BRG：The sequence of Ws2812 module loading color is blue, red and green.
TYPE_BGR：The sequence of Ws2812 module loading color is blue,g reen and red.
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38 Chapter 2 WS2812 www.freenove.com █

void begin(void);
Initialize the Ws2812 object
void setLedColorData (u8 index, u8 r, u8 g, u8 b);
void setLedColorData (u8 index, u32 rgb);
void setLedColor (u8 index, u8 r, u8 g, u8 b);
void setLedColor (u8 index, u32 rgb);
Set the color of led with order number n.
void show(void);
Send the color data to the led and display the set color immediately.
void setBrightness(uint8_t);
Set the brightness of the LED.
If you want to learn more about this library, you can visit the following website:
https://github.com/Freenove/Freenove_WS2812_Lib_for_ESP32

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 3 Serial Communication 39

Chapter 3 Serial Communication

Serial Communication is a means of communication between different devices/devices. This section describes
ESP32-S3’s Serial Communication.

Project 3.1 Serial Print

This project uses ESP32-S3’s serial communicator to send data to the computer and print it on the serial
monitor.

Component List

ESP32-S3 WROOM x1 Type C Wire x1

Related knowledge

Serial communication
Serial communication generally refers to the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART), which is
commonly used in electronic circuit communication. It has two communication lines, one is responsible for
sending data (TX line) and the other for receiving data (RX line). The serial communication connections of
two devices is as follows:
Device 1 Device 2
RX RX
TX TX

Before serial communication starts, the baud rate of both sides must be the same. Communication between
devices can work only if the same baud rate is used. The baud rates commonly used is 9600 and 115200.

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40 Chapter 3 Serial Communication www.freenove.com █

Serial port on ESP32-S3

Freenove ESP32-S3 has integrated USB to serial transfer, so it could communicate with computer connecting
to Type C cable.
ESP32-S3 USB to Serial Computer

UART
UART COM
USB

Arduino Software also uploads code to Freenove ESP32-S3 through the serial connection.
Your computer identifies serial devices connecting to it as COMx. We can use the Serial Monitor window of
Arduino Software to communicate with Freenove ESP32-S3, connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to computer
through the Type C cable, choose the correct device, and then click the Serial Monitor icon to open the
Serial Monitor window.

Interface of serial monitor window is as follows. If you can't open it, make sure Freenove ESP32-S3 has been
connected to the computer, and choose the right serial port in the menu bar "Tools".

Title bar

Data-
sending
Configure
area
Data- bar
receiving
area

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer with Type C cable.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 3 Serial Communication 41

Sketch

Sketch_03.1_SerialPrinter

Download the code to ESP32-S3 WROOM, open the serial port monitor, set the baud rate to 115200, and
press the reset button. As shown in the following figure:

As shown in the image above, "ESP32-S3 initialization completed! " The previous is the printing message
when the system is started. The user program is then printed at a baud rate of 115200.

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42 Chapter 3 Serial Communication www.freenove.com █

The following is the program code:

1 void setup() {
2 Serial.begin(115200);
3 Serial.println("ESP32S3 initialization completed! ");
4 }
5
6 void loop() {
7 Serial.printf("Running time : %.1f s\n", millis() / 1000.0f);
8 delay(1000);
9 }

Reference
void begin(unsigned long baud, uint32_t config=SERIAL_8N1, int8_t rxPin=-1,
int8_t txPin=-1, bool invert=false, unsigned long timeout_ms = 20000UL);
Initializes the serial port. Parameter baud is baud rate, other parameters generally use the default value.
size_t println( arg );
Print to the serial port and wrap. The parameter arg can be a number, a character, a string, an array of
characters, etc.
size_t printf(const char * format, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 2, 3)));
Print formatted content to the serial port in the same way as print in standard C.
unsigned long millis();
Returns the number of milliseconds since the current system was booted.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 3 Serial Communication 43

Project 3.2 Serial Read and Write

From last section, we use serial port on Freenove ESP32-S3 to send data to a computer, now we will use that
to receive data from computer.
Component and circuit are the same as in the previous project.

Sketch

Sketch_03.2_SerialRW

Download the code to ESP32-S3 WROOM, open the serial monitor, and set the top right corner to Newline,
115200. As shown in the following figure:
Then type characters like 'ABCDEFG' into the data sent at the top, and press Ctrl+Enter to send the
message.

Input

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44 Chapter 3 Serial Communication www.freenove.com █

The following is the program code:

1 String inputString = ""; //a String to hold incoming data
2 bool stringComplete = false; // whether the string is complete
3
4 void setup() {
5 Serial.begin(115200);
6 Serial.println(String("\nESP32S3 initialization completed! \r\n")
7 + String("Please input some characters,\r\n")
8 + String("select \"Newline\" below and Ctrl + Enter to send message to
ESP32S3. \r\n"));
9 }
10
11 void loop() {
12 if (Serial.available()) { // judge whether data has been received
13 char inChar = Serial.read(); // read one character
14 inputString += inChar;
15 if (inChar == '\n') {
16 stringComplete = true;
17 }
18 }
19 if (stringComplete) {
20 Serial.printf("inputString: %s \n", inputString);
21 inputString = "";
22 stringComplete = false;
23 }
24 }

In loop(), determine whether the serial port has data, if so, read and save the data, and if the newline
character is read, print out all the data that has been read.

Reference
String();
Constructs an instance of the String class.
For more information, please visit
https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/variables/data-types/stringobject/
int available(void);
Get the number of bytes (characters) available for reading from the serial port. This is data that’s already
arrived and stored in the serial receive buffer.
Serial.read();
Reads incoming serial data.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 45

Chapter 4 BLE
This chapter mainly introduces how to make simple data transmission through BLE of ESP32-S3 WROOM and
mobile phones.

Project 4.1 Bluetooth Low Energy Data Passthrough

Component List

ESP32-S3 WROOM x1 Type C Wire x1

Component knowledge

ESP32-S3's integrated Bluetooth function Bluetooth is a short-distance communication system, which can be
divided into two types, namely Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) and Classic Bluetooth. There are two modes for
simple data transmission: master mode and slave mode.

Master mode
In this mode, works are done in the master device and it can connect with a slave device. And we can search
and select slave devices nearby to connect with. When a device initiates connection request in master mode,
it requires information of the other Bluetooth devices including their address and pairing passkey. After
finishing pairing, it can connect with them directly.

Slave mode
The Bluetooth module in slave mode can only accept connection request from a host computer, but cannot
initiate a connection request. After connecting with a host device, it can send data to or receive from the host
device.
Bluetooth devices can make data interaction with each other, as one is in master mode and the other in slave
mode. When they are making data interaction, the Bluetooth device in master mode searches and selects
devices nearby to connect to. When establishing connection, they can exchange data. When mobile phones
exchange data with ESP32-S3, they are usually in master mode and ESP32-S3 in slave mode.

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46 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using the Type C cable.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 47

Sketch

Lightblue
If you can't install Serial Bluetooth on your phone, try LightBlue.If you do not have this software installed on
your phone, you can refer to this link：
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/lightblue/id557428110

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48 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

Step1. Upload the code of Project 4.1 to ESP32-S3.

Step2. Click on serial monitor.

1 2

Step3. Set baud rate to 115200.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 49

Turn ON Bluetooth on your phone, and open the Lightblue APP.

In the Scan page, swipe down to refresh the name of Bluetooth that the phone searches for. Click
ESP32S3_Bluetooth.

Receive

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50 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

Click “Receive”. Select the appropriate Data format in the box to the right of Data Format. For example, HEX
for hexadecimal, utf-string for character, Binary for Binary, etc. Then click SUBSCRIBE.

Back to the serial monitor on your computer. You can type anything in the left border of Send, and then click
Send.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 51

And then you can see the mobile Bluetooth has received the message.

Similarly, you can select “Send” on your phone. Set Data format, and then enter anything in the sending box
and click Write to send.

Send

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52 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

And the computer will receive the message from the mobile Bluetooth.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 53

And now data can be transferred between your mobile phone and computer via ESP32-S3 WROOM.
The following is the program code:
1 #include <BLEDevice.h>
2 #include <BLEServer.h>
3 #include <BLEUtils.h>
4 #include <BLE2902.h>
5
6 BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic;
7 bool deviceConnected = false;
8 uint8_t txValue = 0;
9 long lastMsg = 0;
10 String rxload="Test\n";
11
12 #define SERVICE_UUID "6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
13 #define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX "6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
14 #define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX "6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
15
16 class MyServerCallbacks: public BLEServerCallbacks {
17 void onConnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
18 deviceConnected = true;
19 };
20 void onDisconnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
21 deviceConnected = false;
22 }
23 };
24
25 class MyCallbacks: public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
26 void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
27 String rxValue = pCharacteristic->getValue();
28 if (rxValue.length() > 0) {
29 rxload="";
30 for (int i = 0; i < rxValue.length(); i++){
31 rxload +=(char)rxValue[i];
32 }
33 }
34 }
35 };
36
37 void setupBLE(String BLEName){
38 const char *ble_name=BLEName.c_str();
39 BLEDevice::init(ble_name);
40 BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
41 pServer->setCallbacks(new MyServerCallbacks());
42 BLEService *pService = pServer->createService(SERVICE_UUID);

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54 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

43 pCharacteristic=
pService->createCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX,BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_NOTIFY);
44 pCharacteristic->addDescriptor(new BLE2902());
45 BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic =
pService->createCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX,BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE);
46 pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new MyCallbacks());
47 pService->start();
48 pServer->getAdvertising()->start();
49 Serial.println("Waiting a client connection to notify...");
50 }
51
52 void setup() {
53 Serial.begin(115200);
54 setupBLE("ESP32S3_Bluetooth");
55 }
56
57 void loop() {
58 long now = millis();
59 if (now - lastMsg > 1000) {
60 if (deviceConnected&&rxload.length()>0) {
61 Serial.println(rxload);
62 rxload="";
63 }
64 if(Serial.available()>0){
65 String str=Serial.readString();
66 const char *newValue=str.c_str();
67 pCharacteristic->setValue(newValue);
68 pCharacteristic->notify();
69 }
70 lastMsg = now;
71 }
72 }
Define the specified UUID number for BLE vendor.
12 #define SERVICE_UUID "6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
13 #define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX "6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
14 #define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX "6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 55

Write a Callback function for BLE server to manage connection of BLE.

16 class MyServerCallbacks: public BLEServerCallbacks {
17 void onConnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
18 deviceConnected = true;
19 };
20 void onDisconnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
21 deviceConnected = false;
22 }
23 };
Write Callback function with BLE features. When it is called, as the mobile terminal send data to ESP32-S3, it
will store them into reload.
25 class MyCallbacks: public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
26 void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
27 String rxValue = pCharacteristic->getValue();
28 if (rxValue.length() > 0) {
29 rxload="";
30 for (int i = 0; i < rxValue.length(); i++){
31 rxload +=(char)rxValue[i];
32 }
33 }
34 }
35 };
Initialize the BLE function and name it.
54 setupBLE("ESP32S3_Bluetooth");
When the mobile phone send data to ESP32-S3 via BLE Bluetooth, it will print them out with serial port;
When the serial port of ESP32-S3 receive data, it will send them to mobile via BLE Bluetooth.
58 long now = millis();
59 if (now - lastMsg > 1000) {
60 if (deviceConnected&&rxload.length()>0) {
61 Serial.println(rxload);
62 rxload="";
63 }
64 if(Serial.available()>0){
65 String str=Serial.readString();
66 const char *newValue=str.c_str();
67 pCharacteristic->setValue(newValue);
68 pCharacteristic->notify();
69 }
70 lastMsg = now;
71 }

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56 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

The design for creating the BLE server is:

1. Create a BLE Server
2. Create a BLE Service
3. Create a BLE Characteristic on the Service
4. Create a BLE Descriptor on the characteristic
5. Start the service.
6. Start advertising.
37 void setupBLE(String BLEName){
38 const char *ble_name=BLEName.c_str();
39 BLEDevice::init(ble_name);
40 BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
41 pServer->setCallbacks(new MyServerCallbacks());
42 BLEService *pService = pServer->createService(SERVICE_UUID);
43 pCharacteristic=
pService->createCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX,BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_NOTIFY);
44 pCharacteristic->addDescriptor(new BLE2902());
45 BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic =
pService->createCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX,BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE);
46 pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new MyCallbacks());
pService->start();
47 pServer->getAdvertising()->start();
48 Serial.println("Waiting a client connection to notify...");
49 }

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 57

Project 4.2 Bluetooth Control LED

In this section, we will control the LED with Bluetooth.

Component List

ESP32-S3 WROOM x1 Type C Wire x1

Sketch

Sketch_04.2_BLE_Led

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58 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

Compile and upload code to ESP32S3_Blueooth. The operation of the APP is the same as 27.1, you only need
to change the sending content to "led_on" and "led_off" to operate LEDs on the ESP32-S3 WROOM.
Data sent from mobile APP:

Display on the serial port of the computer:

The phenomenon of LED

Send：“led_on”

Send：“led_off”

Attention: If the sending content isn't "led-on' or "led-off", then the state of LED will not change. If the LED is
on, when receiving irrelevant content, it keeps on; Correspondingly, if the LED is off, when receiving irrelevant
content, it keeps off.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 59

The following is the program code:

1 #include "BLEDevice.h"
2 #include "BLEServer.h"
3 #include "BLEUtils.h"
4 #include "BLE2902.h"
5 #include "String.h"
6
7 BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic;
8 bool deviceConnected = false;
9 uint8_t txValue = 0;
10 long lastMsg = 0;
11 char rxload[20];
12
13 #define SERVICE_UUID "6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
14 #define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX "6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
15 #define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX "6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
16 #define LED 2
17
18 class MyServerCallbacks : public BLEServerCallbacks {
19 void onConnect(BLEServer *pServer) {
20 deviceConnected = true;
21 };
22 void onDisconnect(BLEServer *pServer) {
23 deviceConnected = false;
24 }
25 };
26
27 class MyCallbacks : public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
28 void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
29 String rxValue = pCharacteristic->getValue();
30 if (rxValue.length() > 0) {
31 for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
32 rxload[i] = 0;
33 }
34 for (int i = 0; i < rxValue.length(); i++) {
35 rxload[i] = (char)rxValue[i];
36 }
37 }
38 }
39 };
40
41 void setupBLE(String BLEName) {
42 const char *ble_name = BLEName.c_str();
43 BLEDevice::init(ble_name);

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60 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

44 BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();

45 pServer->setCallbacks(new MyServerCallbacks());
46 BLEService *pService = pServer->createService(SERVICE_UUID);
47 pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX,
BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_NOTIFY);
48 pCharacteristic->addDescriptor(new BLE2902());
49 BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX,
BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE);
50 pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new MyCallbacks());
51 pService->start();
52 pServer->getAdvertising()->start();
53 Serial.println("Waiting a client connection to notify...");
54 }
55
56 void setup() {
57 pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
58 setupBLE("ESP32S3_Bluetooth");
59 Serial.begin(115200);
60 Serial.println("\nThe device started, now you can pair it with Bluetooth!");
61 }
62
63 void loop() {
64 long now = millis();
65 if (now - lastMsg > 100) {
66 if (deviceConnected && strlen(rxload) > 0) {
67 if (strncmp(rxload, "led_on", 6) == 0) {
68 digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
69 }
70 if (strncmp(rxload, "led_off", 7) == 0) {
71 digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
72 }
73 Serial.println(rxload);
74 memset(rxload,0,sizeof(rxload));
75 }
76 lastMsg = now;
77 }
78 }

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 4 BLE 61

Use character string to handle function header file.

5 #include "string.h"
Define a character array to save data from Bluetooth.
11 char rxload[20];
Initialize the BLE Bluetooth and name it as "ESP32S3_Bluetooth".
58 setupBLE("ESP32S3_Bluetooth");
Write a Callback function for BLE server to manage connection of BLE.
18 class MyServerCallbacks: public BLEServerCallbacks {
19 void onConnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
20 deviceConnected = true;
21 };
22 void onDisconnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
23 deviceConnected = false;
24 }
25 };
Write Callback function with BLE features. When it is called, as the mobile terminal send data to ESP32-S3, it
will store them into reload.
29 String rxValue = pCharacteristic->getValue();
30 if (rxValue.length() > 0) {
31 rxload="";
32 for (int i = 0; i < rxValue.length(); i++){
33 rxload +=(char)rxValue[i];
34 }
35 }
Compare the content in buffer array with "led_on" and "led_off" to see whether they are the same. If yes,
execute the corresponding operation.
66 if (deviceConnected && strlen(rxload) > 0) {
67 if (strncmp(rxload, "led_on", 6) == 0) {
68 digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
69 }
70 if (strncmp(rxload, "led_off", 7) == 0) {
71 digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
72 }
73 Serial.println(rxload);
74 }
After comparing the content of array, to ensure successful transmission next time, please empty the array.
73 Serial.println(rxload);
74 memset(rxload,0,sizeof(rxload));

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62 Chapter 4 BLE www.freenove.com █

Reference
strncmp() functions are often used for string comparisons, which are accurate and stable.
int strncmp(const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t n)
str1: the first string to be compared
str2: the second string to be compared
n: the biggest string to be compared
Return value: if stir1>str2, then return value>0.
If return value is 0, then the contents of str1 and str2 are the same.
If str1< str2, then return value<0.
Function memset is mainly used to clean and initialize the memory of array
void memset(void *s, int c, unsigned long n)
Function memset() is to set the content of a certain internal storage as specified value.
*s: the initial address of the content to clear out.
c:to be replaced as specified value
n: the number of byte to be replaced

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes 63

Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes

In this chapter, we'll focus on the WiFi infrastructure for ESP32-S3 WROOM.
ESP32-S3 WROOM has 3 different WiFi operating modes: station mode, AP mode and AP+station mode. All
WiFi programming projects must be configured with WiFi operating mode before using WiFi, otherwise WiFi
cannot be used.

Project 5.1 Station mode

Component List

ESP32-S3 WROOM x1 Type C Wire x1

Component knowledge

Station mode
When ESP32-S3 WROOM selects Station mode, it acts as a WiFi client. It can connect to the router network
and communicate with other devices on the router via WiFi connection. As shown below, the PC is connected
to the router, and if ESP32-S3 WROOM wants to communicate with the PC, it needs to be connected to the
router.

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64 Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes www.freenove.com █

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 WROOM to the computer using the Type C cable.

Sketch

Sketch_05.1_WiFi_Station

Enter the correct Router

name and password.

Because the names and passwords of routers in various places are different, before the Sketch runs, users
need to enter the correct router’s name and password in the box as shown in the illustration above.
After making sure the router name and password are entered correctly, compile and upload codes to ESP32-
S3 WROOM, open serial monitor and set baud rate to 115200. And then it will display as follows:
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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes 65

When ESP32-S3 WROOM successfully connects to “ssid_Router”, serial monitor will print out the IP address
assigned to ESP32-S3 WROOM by the router.
The following is the program code:
1 #include <WiFi.h>
2
3 const char *ssid_Router = "********"; //Enter the router name
4 const char *password_Router = "********"; //Enter the router password
5
6 void setup(){
7 Serial.begin(115200);
8 delay(2000);
9 Serial.println("Setup start");
10 WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
11 Serial.println(String("Connecting to ")+ssid_Router);
12 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
13 delay(500);
14 Serial.print(".");
15 }
16 Serial.println("\nConnected, IP address: ");
17 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
18 Serial.println("Setup End");
19 }
20
21 void loop() {
22 }
Include the WiFi Library header file of ESP32.
1 #include <WiFi.h>

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66 Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes www.freenove.com █

Enter correct router name and password.

3 const char *ssid_Router = "********"; //Enter the router name
4 const char *password_Router = "********"; //Enter the router password
Set ESP32-S3 WROOM in Station mode and connect it to your router.
10 WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
Check whether ESP32-S3 WROOM has connected to router successfully every 0.5s.
12 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
13 delay(500);
14 Serial.print(".");
15 }
Serial monitor prints out the IP address assigned to ESP32-S3 WROOM
17 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
Reference
Class Station
Every time when using WiFi, you need to include header file "WiFi.h.".
begin(ssid, password,channel, bssid, connect): ESP32-S3 WROOM is used as Station to connect hotspot.
ssid: WiFi hotspot name
password: WiFi hotspot password
channel: WiFi hotspot channel number; communicating through specified channel; optional parameter
bssid: mac address of WiFi hotspot, optional parameter
connect: blloean optional parameter, defaulting to true. If set as false, then ESP32-S3 WROOM won't
connect WiFi.
config(local_ip, gateway, subnet, dns1, dns2): set static local IP address.
local_ip: station fixed IP address.
subnet：subnet mask
dns1,dns2: optional parameter. define IP address of domain name server
status: obtain the connection status of WiFI
local IP(): obtian IP address in Station mode
disconnect(): disconnect wifi
setAutoReconnect(boolen): set automatic reconnection Every time ESP32-S3 WROOM disconnects WiFi,
it will reconnect to WiFi automatically.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes 67

Project 5.2 AP mode

Component List & Circuit

Component List & Circuit are the same as in Project 5.1.

Component knowledge

AP mode
When ESP32-S3 WROOM selects AP mode, it creates a hotspot network that is separate from the Internet
and waits for other WiFi devices to connect. As shown in the figure below, ESP32-S3 WROOM is used as a
hotspot. If a mobile phone or PC wants to communicate with ESP32-S3 WROOM , it must be connected to
the hotspot of ESP32-S3 WROOM . Only after a connection is established with ESP32-S3 WROOM can they
communicate.

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 WROOM to the computer using the Type C cable.

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68 Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes www.freenove.com █

Sketch

Set a name and a

password for ESP32-S3
WROOM AP.

Before the Sketch runs, you can make any changes to the AP name and password for ESP32-S3 WROOM in
the box as shown in the illustration above. Of course, you can leave it alone by default.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes 69

Compile and upload codes to ESP32-S3 WROOM, open the serial monitor and set the baud rate to 115200.
And then it will display as follows.

When observing the print information of the serial monitor, turn on the WiFi scanning function of your phone,
and you can see the ssid_AP on ESP32-S3 WROOM , which is called "WiFi_Name" in this Sketch. You can enter
the password "12345678" to connect it or change its AP name and password by modifying Sketch.

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70 Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes www.freenove.com █

Sketch_05.2_WiFi_AP
The following is the program code:
1 #include <WiFi.h>
2
3 const char *ssid_AP = "WiFi_Name"; //Enter the router name
4 const char *password_AP = "12345678"; //Enter the router password
5
6 IPAddress local_IP(192,168,1,100); //Set the IP address of ESP32-S3 WROOM itself
7 IPAddress gateway(192,168,1,10); //Set the gateway of ESP32-S3 WROOM itself
8 IPAddress subnet(255,255,255,0); //Set the subnet mask for ESP32-S3 WROOM itself
9
10 void setup(){
11 Serial.begin(115200);
12 delay(2000);
13 Serial.println("Setting soft-AP configuration ... ");
14 WiFi.disconnect();
15 WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
16 Serial.println(WiFi.softAPConfig(local_IP, gateway, subnet) ? "Ready" : "Failed!");
17 Serial.println("Setting soft-AP ... ");
18 boolean result = WiFi.softAP(ssid_AP, password_AP);
19 if(result){
20 Serial.println("Ready");
21 Serial.println(String("Soft-AP IP address = ") + WiFi.softAPIP().toString());
22 Serial.println(String("MAC address = ") + WiFi.softAPmacAddress().c_str());
23 }else{
24 Serial.println("Failed!");
25 }
26 Serial.println("Setup End");
27 }
28
29 void loop() {
30 }
Include WiFi Library header file of ESP32-S3 WROOM .
1 #include <WiFi.h>
Enter correct AP name and password.
3 const char *ssid_AP = "WiFi_Name"; //Enter the router name
4 const char *password_AP = "12345678"; //Enter the router password
Set ESP32-S3 WROOM in AP mode.
15 WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
Configure IP address, gateway and subnet mask for ESP32-S3 WROOM .
16 WiFi.softAPConfig(local_IP, gateway, subnet)
Turn on an AP in ESP32-S3 WROOM , whose name is set by ssid_AP and password is set by password_AP.
18 WiFi.softAP(ssid_AP, password_AP);

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes 71

Check whether the AP is turned on successfully. If yes, print out IP and MAC address of AP established by
ESP32-S3 WROOM . If no, print out the failure prompt.
19 if(result){
20 Serial.println("Ready");
21 Serial.println(String("Soft-AP IP address = ") + WiFi.softAPIP().toString());
22 Serial.println(String("MAC address = ") + WiFi.softAPmacAddress().c_str());
23 }else{
24 Serial.println("Failed!");
25 }
26 Serial.println("Setup End");
Reference
Class AP
Every time when using WiFi, you need to include header file "WiFi.h.".
softAP(ssid, password, channel, ssid_hidden, max_connection):
ssid: WiFi hotspot name
password: WiFi hotspot password
channel: Number of WiFi connection channels, range 1-13. The default is 1.
ssid_hidden: Whether to hide WiFi name from scanning by other devices. The default is not hide.
max_connection: Maximum number of WiFi connected devices. The range is 1-4. The default is 4.
softAPConfig(local_ip, gateway, subnet): set static local IP address.
local_ip: station fixed IP address.
Gateway: gateway IP address
subnet：subnet mask
softAP(): obtian IP address in AP mode
softAPdisconnect (): disconnect AP mode.

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72 Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes www.freenove.com █

Project 5.3 AP+Station mode

Component List

Type C Wire x1 ESP32-S3 WROOM x1

Component knowledge

AP+Station mode
In addition to AP mode and station mode, ESP32-S3 WROOM can also use AP mode and station mode at the
same time. This mode contains the functions of the previous two modes. Turn on ESP32-S3 WROOM 's station
mode, connect it to the router network, and it can communicate with the Internet via the router. At the same
time, turn on its AP mode to create a hotspot network. Other WiFi devices can choose to connect to the router
network or the hotspot network to communicate with ESP32-S3 WROOM .

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes 73

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 WROOM to the computer using the Type C cable.

Sketch

Sketch_04.3_AP_Station_mode

Please enter the correct

names and passwords of
Router and AP.

It is analogous to Project 4.1 and Project 4.2. Before running the Sketch, you need to modify ssid_Router,
password_Router, ssid_AP and password_AP shown in the box of the illustration above.

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74 Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes www.freenove.com █

After making sure that Sketch is modified correctly, compile and upload codes to ESP32-S3 WROOM, open
serial monitor and set baud rate to 115200. And then it will display as follows:

When observing the print information of the serial monitor, turn on the WiFi scanning function of your phone,
and you can see the ssid_AP on ESP32-S3 WROOM .

The following is the program code:

1 #include <WiFi.h>
2
3 const char *ssid_Router = "********"; //Enter the router name
4 const char *password_Router = "********"; //Enter the router password
5 const char *ssid_AP = "WiFi_Name"; //Enter the AP name
6 const char *password_AP = "12345678"; //Enter the AP password
7
8 void setup(){
9 Serial.begin(115200);

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 5 WiFi Working Modes 75

10 Serial.println("Setting soft-AP configuration ... ");

11 WiFi.disconnect();
12 WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
13 Serial.println("Setting soft-AP ... ");
14 boolean result = WiFi.softAP(ssid_AP, password_AP);
15 if(result){
16 Serial.println("Ready");
17 Serial.println(String("Soft-AP IP address = ") + WiFi.softAPIP().toString());
18 Serial.println(String("MAC address = ") + WiFi.softAPmacAddress().c_str());
19 }else{
20 Serial.println("Failed!");
21 }
22
23 Serial.println("\nSetting Station configuration ... ");
24 WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
25 Serial.println(String("Connecting to ")+ ssid_Router);
26 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
27 delay(500);
28 Serial.print(".");
29 }
30 Serial.println("\nConnected, IP address: ");
31 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
32 Serial.println("Setup End");
33 }
34
35 void loop() {
36 }

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76 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

Chapter 6 TCP/IP
In this chapter, we will introduce how ESP32-S3 WROOM implements network communications based on
TCP/IP protocol. There are two roles in TCP/IP communication, namely Server and Client, which will be
implemented respectively with two projects in this chapter.

Project 6.1 As Client

In this section, ESP32-S3 WROOM is used as Client to connect Server on the same LAN and communicate
with it.

Component List

ESP32-S3 WROOM x1 Type C Wire x1

Component knowledge

TCP connection
Before transmitting data, TCP needs to establish a logical connection between the sending end and the
receiving end. It provides reliable and error-free data transmission between the two computers. In the TCP
connection, the client and the server must be clarified. The client sends a connection request to the server,
and each time such a request is proposed, a "three-times handshake" is required.

Three-times handshake: In the TCP protocol, during the preparation phase of sending data, the client and the
server interact three times to ensure the reliability of the connection, which is called "three-times handshake".
The first handshake, the client sends a connection request to the server and waits for the server to confirm.
The second handshake, the server sends a response back to the client informing that it has received the
connection request.
The third handshake, the client sends a confirmation message to the server again to confirm the connection.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 6 TCP/IP 77

the first handshake

the second handshake

the third handshake

TCP is a connection-oriented, low-level transmission control protocol. After TCP establishes a connection, the
client and server can send and receive messages to each other, and the connection will always exist as long
as the client or server does not initiate disconnection. Each time one party sends a message, the other party
will reply with an ack signal.

The client sends a data

message, and the server
replies with a
confirmation signal.

The server sends a data

message, and the client
replies with a
confirmation signal.

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78 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

Install Processing
In this tutorial, we use Processing to build a simple TCP/IP communication platform.
If you've not installed Processing, you can download it by clicking https://processing.org/download/. You can
choose an appropriate version to download according to your PC system.

Unzip the downloaded file to your computer. Click "processing.exe" as the figure below to run this software.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 6 TCP/IP 79

Use Server mode for communication

Install ControlP5.

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80 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

Open the “Freenove_ESP32_S3_WROOM_Board_Lite\Sketches\Sketches\Sketch_06.1_WiFiClient\

sketchWiFi\sketchWiFi.pde”, and click "Run".

Stop

Run

The new pop-up interface is as follows. If ESP32-S3 WROOM is used as client, select TCP SERVER mode for
sketchWiFi.

Server mode

Local IP address Receiving

box

Local port
number

Clear receive

Listening Send box

Clear send

Send button

When sketchWiFi selects TCP SERVER mode, ESP32-S3 WROOM Sketch needs to be changed according to
sketchWiFi's displaying of LOCAL IP or LOCAL PORT.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 6 TCP/IP 81

If ESP32-S3 WROOM serves as server, select TCP CLIENT mode for sketchWiFi.

Client mode

Remote IP
address

Remote port
number

When sketchWiFi selects TCP CLIENT mode, the LOCAL IP and LOCAL PORT of sketchWiFi need to be
changed according to the IP address and port number printed by the serial monitor.

Mode selection: select Server mode/Client mode.

IP address: In server mode, this option does not need to be filled in, and the computer will automatically
obtain the IP address.
In client mode, fill in the remote IP address to be connected.
Port number: In server mode, fill in a port number for client devices to make an access connection.
In client mode, fill in port number given by the Server devices to make an access connection.
Start button: In server mode, push the button, then the computer will serve as server and open a port number
for client to make access connection. During this period, the computer will keep monitoring.
In client mode, before pushing the button, please make sure the server is on, remote IP address
and remote port number is correct; push the button, and the computer will make access
connection to the remote port number of the remote IP as a client.
clear receive: clear out the content in the receiving text box
clear send: clear out the content in the sending text box
Sending button: push the sending button, the computer will send the content in the text box to others.

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82 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 WROOM to the computer using Type C cable.

Sketch

Before running the Sketch, please open “sketchWiFi.pde.” first, and click “Run”.

The newly pop up window will use the computer’s IP address by default and open a data monitor port.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 6 TCP/IP 83

Next, open Sketch_06.1_WiFiClient.ino. Before running it, please change the following information based on
"LOCAL IP" and "LOCAL PORT" in the figure above.

REMOTE_IP needs to be filled in according to the interface of sketchWiFi.pde. Taking this tutorial as an
example, its REMOTE_IP is “192.168.1.71”. Generally, by default, the ports do not need to change its value.

Click LISTENING, turn on TCP SERVER's data listening function and wait for ESP32-S3 WROOM to connect.

Click it

Compile and upload code to ESP32-S3 WROOM, open the serial monitor and set the baud rate to 115200.
ESP32-S3 WROOM connects router, obtains IP address and sends access request to server IP address on the
same LAN till the connection is successful. When connect successfully, ESP32-S3 WROOM can send messages
to server.

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84 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

ESP32-S3 WROOM connects with TCP SERVER, and TCP SERVER receives messages from ESP32, as shown in
the figure below.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 6 TCP/IP 85

Sketch_06.1_As_Client
The following is the program code:
1 #include <WiFi.h>
2
3 const char *ssid_Router = "********"; //Enter the router name
4 const char *password_Router = "********"; //Enter the router password
5 #define REMOTE_IP "********" //input the remote server which is you want to connect
#define REMOTE_PORT 8888 //input the remote port which is the remote provide
6 WiFiClient client;
7
8 void setup() {
9 Serial.begin(115200);
10 delay(10);
11
12 WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
13 Serial.print("\nWaiting for WiFi... ");
14 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
15 Serial.print(".");
16 delay(500);
17 }
18 Serial.println("");
19 Serial.println("WiFi connected");
20 Serial.println("IP address: ");
21 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
22 delay(500);
23
24 Serial.print("Connecting to ");
25 Serial.println(REMOTE_IP);
26
27 while (!client.connect(REMOTE_IP, REMOTE_PORT)) {
28 Serial.println("Connection failed.");
29 Serial.println("Waiting a moment before retrying...");
30 }
31 Serial.println("Connected");
32 client.print("Hello\n");
33 client.print("This is my IP.\n");
34 }
35
36 void loop() {
37 if (client.available() > 0) {
38 delay(20);
39 //read back one line from the server
40 String line = client.readString();
41 Serial.println(REMOTE_IP + String(":") + line);

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86 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

42 }
43 if (Serial.available() > 0) {
44 delay(20);
45 String line = Serial.readString();
46 client.print(line);
47 }
48 if (client.connected () == 0) {
49 client.stop();
50 WiFi.disconnect();
51 }
52 }
Add WiFi function header file.
1 #include <WiFi.h>
Enter the actual router name, password, remote server IP address, and port number.
3 const char *ssid_Router = "********"; //Enter the router name
4 const char *password_Router = "********"; //Enter the router password
5 #define REMOTE_IP "********" //input the remote server which is you want to connect
6 #define REMOTE_PORT 8888 //input the remote port which is the remote provide
Apply for the method class of WiFiClient.
7 WiFiClient client;
Connect specified WiFi until it is successful. If the name and password of WiFi are correct but it still fails to
connect, please push the reset key.
13 WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
14 Serial.print("\nWaiting for WiFi... ");
15 while (WiFi.status() ! = WL_CONNECTED) {
16 Serial.print(".");
17 delay(500);
18 }
Send connection request to remote server until connect successfully. When connect successfully, print out the
connecting prompt on the serial monitor and send messages to remote server.
28 while (!client.connect(REMOTE_IP, REMOTE_PORT)) {//Connect to Server
29 Serial.println("Connection failed.");
30 Serial.println("Waiting a moment before retrying...");
31 }
32 Serial.println("Connected");
33 client.print("Hello\n");
When ESP32-S3 WROOM receive messages from servers, it will print them out via serial port; Users can also
send messages to servers from serial port.
37 if (client.available() > 0) {
38 delay(20);
39 //read back one line from the server
40 String line = client.readString();
41 Serial.println(REMOTE_IP + String(":") + line);
42 }

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 6 TCP/IP 87

43 if (Serial.available() > 0) {
44 delay(20);
45 String line = Serial.readString();
46 client.print(line);
47 }
If the server is disconnected, turn off WiFi of ESP32-S3 WROOM .
48 if (client.connected () == false) {
49 client.stop();
50 WiFi.disconnect();
51 }
Reference
Class Client
Every time when using Client, you need to include header file "WiFi.h."
connect(ip, port, timeout)/connect(*host, port, timeout): establish a TCP connection.
ip, *host：ip address of target server
port: port number of target server
timeout: connection timeout
connected(): judge whether client is connecting. If return value is 1, then connect successfully; If return
value is 0, then fail to connect.
stop(): stop tcp connection
print(): send data to server connecting to client
available(): return to the number of bytes readable in receive buffer, if no, return to 0 or -1.
read(): read one byte of data in receive buffer
readString(): read string in receive buffer

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88 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

Project 6.2 As Server

In this section, ESP32-S3 WROOM is used as a server to wait for the connection and communication of client
on the same LAN.

Component List

ESP32-S3 WROOM x1 Type C Wire x1

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 WROOM to the computer using a Type C cable.

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 6 TCP/IP 89

Sketch

Before running Sketch, please modify the contents of the box below first.
Sketch_06.2_As_Server

Compile and upload code to ESP32-S3 WROOM board, open the serial monitor and set the baud rate to
115200. Turn on server mode for ESP32-S3 WROOM , waiting for the connection of other devices on the
same LAN. Once a device connects to server successfully, they can send messages to each other.
If the ESP32-S3 WROOM fails to connect to router, press the reset button as shown below and wait for ESP32-
S3 WROOM to run again.

IP address and
IP port

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90 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

Processing：
Open the “Freenove_ESP32_S3_WROOM_Board_Lite\Sketches\Sketches\Sketch_06.2_WiFiServer\
sketchWiFi\sketchWiFi.pde”.
Based on the messages printed by the serial monitor, enter correct IP address and IP port in Processing to
establish connection and make communication.

Enter IP address and

serial port of the serial
monitor.

The following is the program code:

1 #include <WiFi.h>
2
3 #define port 80
4 const char *ssid_Router = "********"; //input your wifi name
5 const char *password_Router = "********"; //input your wifi passwords
6 WiFiServer server(port);
7
8 void setup()
9 {
10 Serial.begin(115200);
11 Serial.printf("\nConnecting to ");
12 Serial.println(ssid_Router);
13 WiFi.disconnect();
14 WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
15 delay(1000);
16 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

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 █ www.freenove.com Chapter 6 TCP/IP 91

17 delay(500);
18 Serial.print(".");
19 }
20 Serial.println("");
21 Serial.println("WiFi connected.");
22 Serial.print("IP address: ");
23 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
24 Serial.printf("IP port: %d\n",port);
25 server.begin(port);
26 WiFi.setAutoConnect(true);
27 WiFi.setAutoReconnect(true);
28 }
29
30 void loop(){
31 WiFiClient client = server.available(); // listen for incoming clients
32 if (client) { // if you get a client
33 Serial.println("Client connected.");
34 while (client.connected()) { // loop while the client's connected
35 if (client.available()) { // if there's bytes to read from the
client
36 Serial.println(client.readStringUntil('\n')); // print it out the serial monitor
37 while(client.read()>0); // clear the wifi receive area cache
38 }
39 if(Serial.available()){ // if there's bytes to read from the
serial monitor
40 client.print(Serial.readStringUntil('\n')); // print it out the client.
41 while(Serial.read()>0); // clear the wifi receive area cache
42 }
43 }
44 client.stop(); // stop the client connecting.
45 Serial.println("Client Disconnected.");
46 }
47 }
Apply for method class of WiFiServer.
6 WiFiServer server(port); //Apply for a Server object whose port number is 80
Connect specified WiFi until it is successful. If the name and password of WiFi are correct but it still fails to
connect, please push the reset key.
13 WiFi.disconnect();
14 WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
15 delay(1000);
16 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
17 delay(500);
18 Serial.print(".");
19 }

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92 Chapter 6 TCP/IP www.freenove.com █

20 Serial.println("");
21 Serial.println("WiFi connected.");
Print out the IP address and port number of ESP32-S3 WROOM .
22 Serial.print("IP address: ");
23 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); //print out IP address of ESP32-S3 WROOM
24 Serial.printf("IP port: %d\n",port); //Print out ESP32-S3 WROOM 's port number
Turn on server mode of ESP32-S3 WROOM , start automatic connection and turn on automatic reconnection.
25 server.begin(); //Turn ON ESP32-S3 WROOM as Server mode
26 WiFi.setAutoConnect(true);
27 WiFi.setAutoReconnect(true);
When ESP32-S3 WROOM receive messages from servers, it will print them out via serial port; Users can also
send messages to servers from serial port.
35 if (client.available()) { // if there's bytes to read from the
client
36 Serial.println(client.readStringUntil('\n')); // print it out the serial monitor
37 while(client.read()>0); // clear the wifi receive area cache
38 }
39 if(Serial.available()){ // if there's bytes to read from the
serial monitor
40 client.print(Serial.readStringUntil('\n')); // print it out the client.
41 while(Serial.read()>0); // clear the wifi receive area cache
42 }
Reference
Class Server
Every time use Server functionality, we need to include header file"WiFi.h".
WiFiServer(uint16_t port=80, uint8_t max_clients=4): create a TCP Server.
port: ports of Server; range from 0 to 65535 with the default number as 80.
max_clients: maximum number of clients with default number as 4.
begin(port): start the TCP Server.
port: ports of Server; range from 0 to 65535 with the default number as 0.
setNoDelay(bool nodelay): whether to turn off the delay sending functionality.
nodelay: true stands for forbidden Nagle algorithm.
close(): close tcp connection.
stop(): stop tcp connection.

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 █ www.freenove.com What’s next? 93

What’s next?
Thanks for your reading. This tutorial is all over here. If you find any mistakes, omissions or you have other
ideas and questions about contents of this tutorial or the kit and etc., please feel free to contact us:

support@freenove.com
We will check and correct it as soon as possible.

If you want learn more about ESP32-S3 WROOM , you view our ultimate tutorial:
https://github.com/Freenove/Freenove_ESP32_S3_WROOM_Board_Lite/archive/master.zip

If you want to learn more about Arduino, Raspberry Pi, smart cars, robots and other interesting products in
science and technology, please continue to focus on our website. We will continue to launch cost-effective,
innovative and exciting products.

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End of the Tutorial

Thank you again for choosing Freenove products.

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