[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
168 views8 pages

Prandtl's Lifting Line Theory

Prandtl's Lifting Line Theory is an aerodynamic model that calculates lift distribution and induced drag for finite wings, extending 2D airfoil theory to include wingtip vortices. It consists of Classical Lifting Line Theory and Modified Lifting Line Theory, which enhance the classical model to account for additional physical effects and improve accuracy. The theory is foundational for understanding induced drag, spanwise lift distribution, and optimizing wing design.

Uploaded by

shawdowfighting
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
168 views8 pages

Prandtl's Lifting Line Theory

Prandtl's Lifting Line Theory is an aerodynamic model that calculates lift distribution and induced drag for finite wings, extending 2D airfoil theory to include wingtip vortices. It consists of Classical Lifting Line Theory and Modified Lifting Line Theory, which enhance the classical model to account for additional physical effects and improve accuracy. The theory is foundational for understanding induced drag, spanwise lift distribution, and optimizing wing design.

Uploaded by

shawdowfighting
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

TOPIC

Dept of AE
“ Lifting Line Theory ”

Presented By: PUNITH D Faculty Incharge :


USN: 1AY23AE043 K.GOPINATH
Prandtl's Lifting Line Theory
Introduction To Prandtl’s Lifting Line Theory

Types of Prandtl's Lifting Line Theory


*Prandtl’s Classical Lifting Line Theory(LLT)
*Modified or Extended Lifting Line Theory

Fundamental Equation Of Prandtl’s Lifting Line Theory


Dept of AE

Effects of lifting line theory


Prandtl's Lifting Line Theory
• Lifting Line Theory is an aerodynamic model used to calculate the lift
distribution and induced drag of a finite (3D) wing. It was developed by
Ludwig Prandtl to extend 2D airfoil theory to account for the effects of
wingtip vortices and spanwise flow.

Dept of AE

• Definition : Lifting Line Theory models a wing as a single line (the


"lifting line") along its span where circulation (a measure of lift) varies.
It treats the wing as a series of bound vortices, and the trailing vortices
from the wingtips form a vortex sheet that causes downwash, reducing
the effective angle of attack and generating induced drag.
Types of Prandtl's Lifting Line
Theory:

Dept of AE 1. Prandtl’s Classical Lifting Line Theory(LLT)


Classical Lifting Line Theory, developed by Ludwig Prandtl, models a finite wing as a single
bound vortex line (the "lifting line") along the quarter-chord. It uses the Biot-Savart law to
calculate downwash and determine induced drag and lift distribution

2. Modified or Extended Lifting Line Theory


Modified Lifting Line Theory refers to enhanced versions of the classical theory that
incorporate additional physical effects ( swept wings, dihedral, low aspect ratio wings etc ) or
numerical methods to ( discretizing the wing into segments, using Fourier series expansions )
improve accuracy, especially for more complex geometries or flow conditions.
Fundamental Equation Of Prandtl’s Lifting
Line Theory
dw = ( (dΓ/ dy) / 4π (𝑦0 − 𝐲) ) dy

𝑏Τ2
w( 𝑦0) = - −𝑏ൗ
( ( 𝒅𝚪/𝒅𝒚 0
2

αi(𝑦0) = -w(𝑦0) /𝐯∞

𝑏Τ2
1
αi(𝑦0 ) = −𝑏ൗ
( ( 𝒅𝚪/𝒅𝒚 0
Dept of AE 4𝜋𝑣∞
2

𝐶𝐿 = 2πα

𝐶𝐿 = 2π ( 𝛼𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑦0 − 𝛼𝐿=0 )

We know, 𝐿′ = 1 𝜌 ∞ 𝑣∞
2 𝑠𝐶
𝐿 s = c (𝑦0)
2

1
𝐿′ = 𝜌∞ 𝑉∞2𝐶 𝑦0 𝐶𝐿
2

𝐿′ = 𝜌∞𝑣∞𝛤 𝑦0
1
0 = 𝜌∞ 𝑣∞ 𝛤 𝑦0
2𝐶 𝑦
𝜌∞ 𝑣∞
2

2𝛤 𝑦0
𝐶𝐿 =
𝑣∞𝐶 𝑦0

𝑐𝐿 = 2𝜋 𝛼𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 𝛼𝐿=0

2𝛤 𝑦0
= 2𝜋 𝛼𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 𝛼𝐿=0
𝑣 ∞ 𝐶 𝑦0

𝛤 𝑦0
𝛼𝑒𝑓𝑓 = + 𝛼𝐿=0
𝜋𝑣 ∞𝑐 𝑦0
Dept of AE
𝛼 𝑦0 = 𝛼𝑒𝑓𝑓 + 𝛼𝑖

𝛤 𝑦𝑜 1 𝑏Τ2
𝛼 𝑦0 = + 𝛼𝐿=0 𝑦0 + 4𝜋𝑣 −𝑏ൗ ( ( 𝒅𝚪 0
𝜋𝑣 ∞ 𝑐 𝑦0 ∞
/𝒅
2
Effects of lifting line theory
Effect Explanation
Induced Drag Shows drag due to lift and aspect ratio influence
Prediction
Spanwise Lift Predicts lift variation along wing
Distribution
Wing Guides twist, taper, and planform shape
Optimization
Dept of AE Trailing Vortex Models induced flow field and downwash
Influence
Foundation for Base for VLM, CFD validation, and aerodynamic tools
Further Models
3D Wing wingtip and spanwise flow effects
Behavior
Dept of AE
Thank you…

You might also like