Written Assignment Week 6
Master of Education in Advanced Teaching
EDUC 5410: Child Development
Dr. Jessica Jones
July 26, 2023
Domain chart
Age Period Physical Cognitive Social Moral Relevance to Educational
development implication
Infancy - The child grows According to Piaget’s Erikson’s Stages of Evidently, The development The caretakers should
(0-2 years rapidly in this theory of cognitive Social development (as Kohlberg (as cited focuses on physical be ready to support
old) period, specifically development (as cited cited in Mcleod, 2023): in Mcleod, 2023) growth. The child is the child most of the
in gross motor skills. in Mcleod, 2023), - From 0-1 year: the defines the first ego-centric and time. Physical
According to sensorimotor is the basic conflict is trust stage of moral desires to satisfy dangerous items and
Centers for Disease first stage when the and mistrust, for development as their immediate situations must be
Control and newborn learns about example, through Pre-conventional needs when avoided. The play
Prevention (2023), the world through needs fulfillment, the Morality. The establishing the area must be safe and
the typical feedback of the newborn will form a reason for not relationships with large enough for the
milestones include surrounding sense of trust, provided doing a certain others. child to explore.
rolling at the 6th environment on their that the caretaker is action of the child Their sensory and They should start
month, sitting up (8 senses and motor reliable, consistent and is entirely self- brain development is learning about
months), crawling skills. The goal of this predictable. If the based: they either crucial for future boundaries through
(10 months), and stage is to develop caretaker is want to avoid learning. verbal and non-verbal
walking (18 object permanence to unpredictable, negative responses from the
months). start forming a inconsistent and consequences, or caretakers while a
- Some infants representational unreliable, the baby they want to be positive relationship
achieve early basic mental picture of the will fail to develop rewarded. initiated by the adults
motor skills as much surrounding. The stage trusted relationship should maintain.
as picking up objects is divided into six sub- which affects how they
with their fingers stages. perceive the world later
and thumbs by the 1. Reflex acts: Babies’ on.
month of ninth, but react to external - From 1-3 years old,
most of them cannot impacts through the child starts to
move their hands reflexes (sucking when independently explore
sophisticatedly so their teeth are being what they can or
they tend to grasp brushed, etc.) cannot do, thus shaping
the object with their 2. Babies repeatedly their autonomy. If they
whole hand do actions that have are allowed to explore
(Children’s Hospital pleasurable impacts on by the caretaker, they
of Richmond at them (wiggling are likely to form
VCU n.d). fingers, kicking, etc.). confidence and
- The child's sensory These are intentional independence. If their
development is (Primary Circular mistakes are shamed or
developed. The Reactions). doubted, they will be
ability to see and 3. Secondary Circular afraid to explore.
recognize color Reactions: Actions
differences, as well with pleasurable
Preschool The child can Pre-operational stage Erikson’s Stages of For Kohlberg (as This stage is a As many children start
(2-7 years conduct most of the (Piaget, as cited in Social development (as cited in Mcleod, crucial preschool at this
old) activities that Mcleod, 2023) cited in Mcleod, 2023): 2023), at this developmental stage, the teachers
demand gross motor - The child starts to - From 3-6 years old: developmental milestone as the should be aware of the
skills, such as describe the world the child wants to take stage, the child is child grows fast; following:
walking, running, with language and initiation in some still in pre- most of the motor - Behaviorism
riding tricycles, mental images instead activities, but starts to conventional skills are fully approach and
dancing, etc. of relying on the feel guilty when morality stage (see developed toward experimentation are
Their fine-motor concrete objects. realizing boundaries above). the end of the stage preferable, especially
skills start to - The child develops are crossed. so they are ready for in teaching math and
develop as well towards achieving - Children needs a wider range of language. Direct
through tracing lines conserving, which playtime to explore tasks. The cognitive modelling and
and holding pencils. allows them to themselves and how development has repetition of simple
These skills will be comprehend that the they fit in with others, important transitions tasks are more useful
more fine-tuned quantity of a group promoting between concrete than lecturing.
towards the end of conserves even when interpersonal skills. thinking and abstract - Play and peer
the stage. (Centers the parts appear - They begins to take thinking, especially interactions are
for Disease Control different. control through when they start to important for the child
and Prevention, - They start to think activities planning, task form mental imagery to learn and develop
2023) symbolically, which completement and and understand the social roles.
prepares them for challenges overcome. concept of - Task should be
literacy and numeracy. - They learn social conservation. They adjusted based on
- The child still interactions through also start to develop what the child can and
struggles with trial and errors. If they a sense of self and cannot comprehen
problem-solving are guilt or scolded by experiment with cognitively and
thinking. caretakers too much for their own social physically at this
The child can classify being curious and roles through stage.
basically, but struggle crossing boundaries, interaction with - The child should be
with further their self-esteem might others. allowed to develop
classification into be diminished and thus motor skills through
subsets. prevent them from physical activities, art
interacting with others. and craft.
- The child should be
allowed to initiate
some activities at this
stage.
Elementary Both motor skills are Concrete operational Erikson’s Stages of For Kohlberg (as At this stage, Students can do a
(7-10 years fully developed stage (Piaget, as cited Social development (as cited in Mcleod, students possess variety of physical
old) towards the end of in Mcleod, 2023). cited in Mcleod, 2023): 2023), when mental and physical tasks, so playing
the stage. The child - The child starts to - From 7 – 11 years reaching the age of abilities to perform sports or performing
can now ready to think in a logical old: Self-esteem is 8, the child is still more challenging complex dance moves
perform more manner on concrete developed when the in pre-conventional tasks and operate are supportive
complex movements events. child achieve the ‘can- morality stage (see effectively in towards furthering the
such as riding - They start to do’ senses, and feel above). academic settings. development of their
bicycles (as it understand inferior when they fail. When the child is Their social circles body coordination.
requires maintaining conservation: things - This is also the 9-13 years old, they are also being Their cognitive ability
balance), writing may change, but critical period for the reach the second enlarged with less allows them to fulfill
fasters and more certain attributes are child to learn basic stage called focus on themselves, basic literacy and
accurately (Centers the same. literacy and numeracy. Conventional but rather a numeracy
for Disease Control - The child can Mistakes will happen Morality. They start consideration for requirements;
and Prevention, mentally reverse frequently, but they accepting social others. A ‘can-do’ therefore, through
2023). things back to original tend to conflict with rules and the social attitude is important reading and using
shapes, i.e. the stretch the child’s need for expectations for the child’s mathematics daily
rubber band or spring approval. (represent through confidence. help them realize their
to their original shapes Discouragements from the social groups Children now have real-world
even without modify caretakers and they are in). an idea of following applications.
the concrete objects especially peers will They tend to obey the rules. Encouragement and
for experimentation. likely to give the child authoritative fine-tuned challenges,
a sense of interior, figures without frequent feedback and
leadind to self-doubts much questioning differentiation prevent
and inconfidence the their infalliabilty. students from being
the later periods. discouraged by
comparing themselves
to others.
Rules should be
clearly established
and enforced, with the
students involved in
rule-making
decisions.
Middle Puberty with Students reach the As cited in Mcleod, Since 8 years old, This age marks the To help the child get
years increased muscle final stage of cognitive (2023), Erikson the child is at transition to the most out of
(10-14 mass and bone development, which is believed teenagers at conventional moral secondary school, in education at this
years old) density. Some the formal operational this stage struggle with stage according to which more stage, the teacher
visible physical stage (Piaget, as cited ‘identity vs. doubt’ Kohlberg’s academic challenges needs to perform a
changes include in Mcleod, 2023) in while they are framework are presented for the variety of duties:
growing breasts in this period. They can navigating to (Mcleod, 2023). child. With subjects helping the child learn
females and hair in form logical thoughts understand themselves They understand advancing in their how to be stable
males. The on visible situations, through some social norms difficulty and during moodswing
reproduction organs start to converse, do experimentation and or universal truths abtraction, students occasions; scaffolding
are more developed, mental reversion, and role development. and can reason need to be able to the lesson so it helps
and sex drives start care more about right or wrong hone their cognitive students who are
happening in both others’ thoughts and based on them. abilities to perform struggling with
boys and girls feelings. increasingly more development can
(HealthLink BC, abstract tasks. catch up.
n.d.) Furthermore, as the Furthermore,
motor skills are fully empathizing with the
developed, they can need of being
fully take part and recognized and to be a
achieve more from part of a group is very
different activities important to build a
like sports or crafts, trustworthy
given the right relationship with
training. Regarding them. Finally,
the social aspect, as encouraging the
the students are students to read can
trying to fit in, they help with both
need recognitions furthering their
from the social cognitive abilities, but
circles they have, at the same time are
especially with their introduced to different
peers. Finally, the authors as universal
stage of moral truth.
development starts
to give them
opportunities to
explore the views of
existing
Adolescence Most teens will Students have now They are still After the previous As most of the When teaching at this
(14-19 experience hormonal been able to solve developing at the phase, the child students’ physical level, teachers need to
years old) shifts that change complex tasks as they earlier stage mentioned reaches Adulthood and mental changes empathize and help
their moods and can fully function with until 18 years old and (Kohlberg, as cited have been through, the students make the
their bodies. Mood their developed is ready to transit to the in Mcleod, 2023). they are quite similar right life-long
swings happens cognition. next stage of Early Now, the adult has to adults at this decisions. At the same
frequently, as well as adulthood, Erikson (as his/her own stage. However, time, respect for the
the acne problems cited in Mcleod, 2023) personal choice of hormonal and brain student’s need to
start to be more stated that the main ethics and beliefs to development is still establish intimate
visible with the struggle is to establish follow, and uses preventing them to relationships, as well
appearance of being close relationships with them to make moral make mindful and as their own personal
in monthly period in others. decisions. long-term decisions; choice of beliefs is
girls, voice changes they tend to be eager crucial to building a
in boys, and pubic to solve the positive and lasting
hair in both problems in front of relationship with him
(Stanford Medicine them. or her, supporting in
Children’s Health, guiding them to make
n.d.). the best long-term
choice, for example,
career and
relationships.
References:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, June 6). CDC’s Developmental Milestones. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html
Fine Motor Skills: Birth to 2 years. Fine motor skills: birth to 2 years | Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU. (n.d.).
https://www.chrichmond.org/services/therapy-services/developmental-milestones/fine-motor-skills-birth-to-2-years
HealthLink BC. (n.d.). Physical Development, Ages 11 to 14 Years. https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/pregnancy-parenting/parenting-teens-12-18-years/teen-
growth-and-development/physical-development
Mcleod, S. (2023, May 14). Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/sensorimotor.html
Mcleod, S. (2023b, June 9). Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development & theory. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
Sensory development - your baby’s first year milestones. Infantino UK. (n.d.). https://uk.infantino.com/blogs/news/sensory-development-your-baby-s-first-year-
milestones
Smith, P. K., & Hart, C. H. (2014). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development. Wiley-Blackwell.
Stanford Medicine Children’s health. The Growing Child- Teenager (13 to 18 Years). (n.d.). https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=the-
growing-child-adolescent-13-to-18-years-90-P02175
