Verilog Based Automated Retail System

2024 OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry 4.0 | 979-8-3503-7378-3/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/OTCON60325.2024.10687553

1stP. Ravikumar 2nd M.V.Ganeswara rao 3rdVamaraju Nikitha

Department of ECE Department of ECE Department of ECE
Shri vishnu engineering college for Shri vishnu engineering college for Shri vishnu engineering college for
women women women
Bhimavaram, India Bhimavaram, India Bhimavaram, India
Ravikumar_tnk@svecw.edu.in mgr_ganesh@svecw.edu.in nikithavamaraju@gmail.com

Abstract- This paper presents to development of an automated next transaction for further process. If the inserted amount and the
retail system that dispenses three products of different prices. It price of the product are the same then the machine dispenses the
uses Verilog HDL with the Xilinx ISE tool, providing precise product. Usually, the state machine consists of two types of
control over the circuitry. The vending machine has 24/7 machines: The mealy machine model and the Moore machine
availability, making it a convenient option for users. The system model.
accepts various coins, using a Finite State Machine (FSM) design to
increment its internal state accordingly. Once the system reaches
the correct state, it dispenses the selected product and returns the
change, if applicable. The system also has a stock management
feature to monitor inventory levels for each product. The design is
tested and debugged using simulation tools to ensure its reliability
and efficiency. Finally, we can implement the design into a physical
vending machine and test it under realworld conditions. The use of
Verilog HDL allows for a high level of control and flexibility in the
design of the system, making it possible to create a reliable and
efficient automated retail system.

Keywords:-Finite state machine, stock, Vending machine, Verilog Fig.1.1 Block diagram of Mealy State Machine Model
HDL, Xilinx ISE.

I. INTRODUCTION
Vending machines offer a convenient, cost-effective, and
accessible way for people to purchase products on the go, and
smart vending machines are becoming increasingly prevalent in
the retail industry. According to recent market research, the
automated retail machine grew at a CAGR of 9.4% from 2020 to
2025. These machines can provide valuable data for businesses,
such as
customer demographics and purchase trends. They also allow Fig.1.2 Block diagram of Moore State Machine Model
for interactive multimedia displays and social media connectivity, In our project, we use the Mealy state machine model because
providing a more engaging experience for the customer. the output is based on both the current state and input signal.
The basic idea of using vending machines is to provide II. RELATED WORK
products such as food, beverages, Chocolates, and so on instantly
when the consumer needs and pays without being assisted by • In the research paper titled "Design and Implementation of
anyone within a near distance. Also, it provides 24-hour service Vending Machine using Verilog HDL on FPGA,"[2] the
that ensures product availability, especially at night. With the authors present the model of a Finite State-based machine
ability to dispense three distinct products at varying prices, our utilizing the Mealy model. The implementation of the
vending machine offers a seamless and efficient experience for machine took place on the Spartan3 FPGA development
users seeking a diverse range of options. From snacks to board. The entire design underwent functional verification
beverages, our machine is designed to cater to your cravings, using Xilinx 9.2i and Modelsim 6.2a simulator. A vending
providing a convenient and hassle-free way to satisfy your machine is an automated device that dispenses items such as
preferences. Embrace the future of vending with our user- snacks, drinks, lotterynewspaper, and consumer products to
friendly and versatile system design. In this paper, we also used customers once they insert currency into the machine. The
the FSM to design a Vending machine with a return feature. The paper includes a comparative analysis of various aspects,
vending machine consists of 5,10,15 rupee coins. When we insert including timing and device utilization, between the
extra amount for the product then the machine returns the change.
proposed machine and a previously suggested machine.
Also, the machine checks if the inserted amount is sufficient or
Additionally, the paper explores the potential for future
not for the dispensation of the product, if not then it waits for the
improvements in comparison to existing vending machines.

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 It is important to note that a comprehensive understanding
of the research, including detailed methodologies.
• In the research paper titled "Finite State Machine based
Vending Machine Controller with Auto-Billing
Features,"[1] the authors detail the design of a multiselect
machine employing the Finite State Machine Model with
Auto-Billing Features. The four-stage process,
encompassing user selection, waiting for money to be
inserted, product delivering, and service, has been modeled
using the Mealy Machine Model. To validate the proposed
model, experimentation was conducted on a Spartan 3
development board, and its performance was subsequently
compared with that of a CMOS-based machine.
• In the paper titled "Design and Implementation of Vending
Machine using Verilog HDL,"[3] the authors introduce the
FPGA board VM, offering a selection of four products:
Coca-Cola,Ice cream, snacks, and chocolate. The design
emphasizes simplicity to enhance efficiency in product
delivery. The vending machine accepts only one rupee and
two rupees coins. It calculates and dispenses change based
on the amount of money inserted by the user, and a Cancel
button incorporated to return money to the user. The
simulation of the vending machine is conducted using
Xilinx, a State CAD tool.
III. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The design of the vending machine is inspired by the concept Fig.2.1 Flowchart
of a state machine, which is a computational model that can exist
at any given time in a finite number of states. This methodology TABLE 2.1 INPUTS/OUTPUTS WITH REMARKS
enables the vending machine to effectively manage various
scenarios, such as product unavailability, in a structured and Name Direction Description
predictable manner. The implementation of the vending machine
clk Input clock
is achieved by utilizing a hardware description language, such as
Verilog, to create behavioral models of the finite state machine rst Input Reset
(FSM)-based machine. This coding approach enables the vending Cancel Input Cancel
machine to appropriately handle various inputs, such as product money_in Input Inserted money
selection and currency insertion.
Select_productin Input Product selection
The vending machine is tested and validated using a series of extra_cash_in Input Extra amount
transactions, demonstrating its ability to dispense products and
handle situations when a product's availability runs out. This Paper_out Output Output paper
validation process is crucial to ensure that the vending machine Cadbury_out Output Output Cadbury
operates as expected and meets the specifications laid out before Juice_out Output Output Juice
the design.
Balance_out Output change
The vending machine is also equipped with a stock
management feature, which helps it monitor the availability of TABLE 2.1 INPUTS/OUTPUTS WITH REMARKS
each product in its inventory. If a particular product runs out, the
machine will refrain from dispensing it until it is restocked. This S.NO Product Price
feature ensures that customers are only offered products that are 1 News Paper Rs.5
currently in stock, avoiding situations where a customer selects an 2 Cadbury Rs.10
unavailable item. This vending Machine is built with the help of a 3 Juice Rs.15
state diagram, and it dispenses three different products news
Paper, Cadbury, and Juice. The vending machine takes three
types of currency: five-rupee coins, ten-rupee coins, and fifteen- First, the user selects a product from the available options.
rupee coins. Then, they insert coins into the machine equivalent to the price of
product. There are four possible outcomes for the transaction:

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 Case 1: If the product is available and the inserted money is IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
equal to the product price, then the machine will dispense the The Verilog code has been designed for an automated retail
product to the user. This means that the user will receive the system and a testbench has been created for three different
product they selected with no change. products: Newspaper, Cadbury chocolate, and Juice.
Case 2: If the product is available and the inserted money is The results are simulated in Xilinx Software as shown in fig:
greater than product price, then the machine will dispense the
product to the user along with the difference in change between 4.1 to 4.5.
the inserted money and the product price.
State Diagram of purchasing Newspaper

Fig.4.1 Simulation results of mac

State Diagram of purchasing Cadbury

Fig.4.2 Simulation results of machine

State Diagram of purchasing Juice

Fig.4.3 Simulation results of machine

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 TABLE 4.2 UTILIZATION REPORT HIERARCHY

Fig.4.4 Stock availability simulation result

VI. CONCLUSION
Fig.4.5 RTL results of vending machine
The Automated retail system was successfully designed and
Figure 4.1 portrays a scenario where a customer has opted for implemented to dispense three products - Newspaper, Cadbury
a newspaper product priced at Rs.5. The customer inserted a 5- chocolate, and Juice - at Rupees 5/-, Rupees 10/-, and Rupees 15/-
rupee coin and chose to cancel the transaction. In response, the respectively. The machine was equipped to return change
vending machine canceled the transaction and returned the entire whenever a higher denomination coin was inserted, making
sum of 5 rupees to the customer. transactions convenient for customers. Furthermore, the machine
returned the total amount of money in case of cancellation of the
Figure 4.2 depicts a situation where the customer has selected request, ensuring customer satisfaction. The stock monitoring
a newspaper product worth Rs.5 and inserted a 15-rupee coin into feature provided real-time information to the customers about the
the machine. Since the vending machine had a stack of 6 availability of each product, empowering them to make informed
newspapers available, the machine dispensed the newspaper choices. This innovative feature enhanced the overall efficiency
product and returned the change of 10 rupees to the customer. of the machine by reducing the waiting time for customers and
In Figure 4.3, the graph illustrates that the customer has improving the accuracy of the transactions. In conclusion, the
chosen a Cadbury chocolate product worth Rs.10. Initially, the automated retail system surpassed the initial requirements and
customer inserted a 5-rupee coin into the machine, but the proved to be a successful project, meeting the needs of both the
machine required an additional 5 rupees to complete the customers and the business.
transaction. The customer then inserted another 5-rupee coin,
completing the required amount of 10 rupees. Consequently, the VII. REFERENCES
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