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Programming Reviewer

The document provides an overview of key figures in computing, fundamental computer concepts, and various software categories. It discusses programming fundamentals, levels of programming languages, and highlights top programming languages along with their uses. Additionally, it offers exam preparation tips emphasizing understanding concepts and practical coding practice.

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6 views2 pages

Programming Reviewer

The document provides an overview of key figures in computing, fundamental computer concepts, and various software categories. It discusses programming fundamentals, levels of programming languages, and highlights top programming languages along with their uses. Additionally, it offers exam preparation tips emphasizing understanding concepts and practical coding practice.

Uploaded by

rysembry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer Programming

– Reviewer
1. Key Personalities in Computing
 Bill Gates: Co-founded Microsoft in 1975; helped bring personal computers to homes
and offices worldwide.
 Mark Zuckerberg: Co-founded Facebook (now Meta) in 2004, popularizing social
networking.
 Diosdado Banatao: Filipino engineer who designed the first 10-Mbit Ethernet chip and
early GUI accelerators.
 Onel De Guzman: Filipino student behind the 2000 ‘ILOVEYOU’ computer worm,
highlighting cybersecurity risks.

2. Fundamental Computer Concepts


 Computer System: Interrelated components centered on a computer that receive,
store, process, and transmit data.
 Major Components: CPU, main memory (RAM), secondary storage, input devices, and
output devices.
 CPU (“Heart”): Performs arithmetic and logical operations; contains fast-access
registers and controls program execution.
 Main Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for programs and data while the CPU works
on them; volatile.

3. Software Categories
 System Software: Manages hardware and basic operations (e.g., operating systems,
utility programs).
 Operating System: Core software that controls hardware, files, and runs other
programs.
 Utility Programs: Specialized tools such as virus scanners, backup tools, file
compressors.
 Application Software: Programs for everyday tasks—word processors, web browsers,
games.
 Software Development Tools: Compilers, interpreters, and environments used to
create and test software.

4. Programming Fundamentals
 Program: A set of instructions telling a computer what to do.
 Programming (Coding): Writing those instructions in a language the computer
understands.
 Algorithm vs Code: Algorithm = plan/recipe; Code = exact instructions that implement
the plan.
 Why Learn Programming?: Builds problem-solving skills, powers innovation, and
opens diverse career paths.

5. Levels of Programming Languages


 1st Gen: Machine Code: Binary 0s and 1s executed directly by the CPU.
 2nd Gen: Assembly: Mnemonic codes that map closely to machine instructions.
 3rd Gen: High-Level: English-like syntax; portable across hardware (e.g., Python, Java).
 4th Gen: Very High-Level: Domain-specific, concise (e.g., SQL, MATLAB, R).
 5th Gen: Natural/AI-Oriented: Focus on logic/constraints; common in AI and expert
systems.

6. Top Programming Languages (Uses Snapshot)


 Python: Versatile; dominant in data science, AI, and general software.
 Java: Portable; backbone of Android apps and large-scale systems.
 JavaScript: Runs in browsers; makes 97%+ of websites interactive.
 C/C++: High-performance; used in operating systems and embedded systems.
 C#: General-purpose; popular for Windows apps and game development (Unity).
 TypeScript: JavaScript with types; easier maintenance of large web apps.
 Perl: Text processing; system administration and legacy web apps.
 Ruby: Rapid web development; foundation of Rails framework.
 PHP: Server-side scripting; powers WordPress and many sites.
 Rust: Memory-safe systems programming; growing in web and game dev.

7. Quick Tips for Exam Prep


 Understand, Don’t Memorize: Focus on concepts like ‘algorithm’ vs ‘code’ rather than
rote facts.
 Practice Coding: Write small programs or pseudocode daily to strengthen logic.
 Relate to Real Life: Match concepts (e.g., ‘recipe’ = algorithm) to concrete analogies.
 Review Security Stories: Cases like the ILOVEYOU worm show real-world impact of
code.

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