[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
30 views1 page

Logic Intro

The document discusses the concept of logic, defining it as both a science and an art that involves correct thinking and reasoning. It outlines the material and formal objects of logic, as well as the different types of logic based on form, content, and the process of thinking. Additionally, it describes the divisions of logic related to mental processes and their corresponding external signs.

Uploaded by

biancajaninegolez.07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views1 page

Logic Intro

The document discusses the concept of logic, defining it as both a science and an art that involves correct thinking and reasoning. It outlines the material and formal objects of logic, as well as the different types of logic based on form, content, and the process of thinking. Additionally, it describes the divisions of logic related to mental processes and their corresponding external signs.

Uploaded by

biancajaninegolez.07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Supplemental Material for MC4: Logic

Prepared by JOHN C. MIRASOL, MMEM

Logic: the science and art of correct thinking

Logic came from the Greek term: λογικε ( logike ) which means a “THOUGHT” .Etymologically, logic means a “treatise
pertaining to thought.” Aristotle considered Logic as the “organon” or the tool or instrument of the sciences. Logic is
the instrument for gaining knowledge or the tool for correct thinking.

 As a Science
– a precise, systematized and certain knowledge of the principles governing correct thinking (Bacchuber)
– needs a body of data, adheres to a certain method/procedure in drawing out conclusions and aims to arrive at
the validity of every argument(Hinacay)

 As an Art
– involves and requires learned and practiced skill (Bacchuber/Hinacay)

Correct Thinking…
 Thinking does not include all mental processes.
 Thinking refers only to mental processes that involve: analysis, comparison, classification, definition and
logical division.
 Correct thinking – follows the principles of logic; one is able to distinguish right from wrong.

Material Objects of Logic


 Refers to the things that logic covers in its study.
 These are:
Terms
Propositions
Inference
Formal Object of Logic
 Refers to the special or specific view point that distinguishes one branch of study from another when
both are dealing with the same material object.
 What makes logic different and special is that it studies the technical aspect of correct thinking vis-a-vis
the human psyche.

Types of Logic
 Based on the Form and Content:
1. Formal Logic – concerned with the aspect of form, structure, correctness, sequence. (Is it in conformity with
the rules of logic?)

2. Material Logic – concerned with the subject matter, content or truth validity. (Is it in conformity with reality?)

 Based on the Process of Thinking:


1. Deductive logic – from universal to particular.

2. Inductive logic – from specific to general.

Divisions of Logic

Acts of the Mind Mental Product External Sign

Apprehension Idea Term


Judgment Enunciation Proposition
Reasoning Argument Syllogism

You might also like