Table of Contents

Preface....................................................................................................................................1
Conventions Used in This Guide........................................................................................1
Where to Find Information..................................................................................................1
Technical Support...............................................................................................................2
Feedback............................................................................................................................2

Chapter 1 – Introducing RTomo Interface...............................................................................3

Title Bar...............................................................................................................................3
Menu Bar............................................................................................................................4
File Menu........................................................................................................................4
Pre-Process Menu..........................................................................................................5
Topography Menu...........................................................................................................5
Inversion.........................................................................................................................5
Section Menu.................................................................................................................6
Curve Menu....................................................................................................................6
Window Menu.................................................................................................................7
Help Menu......................................................................................................................7
Toolbar................................................................................................................................7
Display Window..................................................................................................................8
Status Bar...........................................................................................................................8

Chapter 2 – Loading Data.......................................................................................................9

Loading Data......................................................................................................................9
Checking Data Information...............................................................................................11
Selecting Data to be Displayed........................................................................................12

Chapter 3 – Pre-Processing Data.........................................................................................14

Filtering Data....................................................................................................................14
Remote Correction...........................................................................................................17

Chapter 4 – Topographic Correction.....................................................................................18

Inputting Elevation............................................................................................................18
Applying Topographic Correction.....................................................................................20

Chapter 5 – Resistivity and IP Tomography.........................................................................22

Setting Tomography Parameters......................................................................................22
Running Tomography.......................................................................................................23
Reviewing Tomography Results.......................................................................................25

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section......................................................................26

Defining Grades................................................................................................................27
Setting the Display............................................................................................................29
Annotating Electrode Numbers........................................................................................31

Geogiga RTomo 6.0 User Guide i

 Showing Data Points........................................................................................................31
Showing Electrodes..........................................................................................................32
Plotting Well Data.............................................................................................................32

Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves................................................................................34

Choosing Curve to be Displayed......................................................................................35
Setting Curve Display.......................................................................................................36
Geometry......................................................................................................................36
Properties.....................................................................................................................39

Chapter 8 – Outputting Results............................................................................................41

Outputting to RViewer.......................................................................................................41
Exporting Results as XZV Format....................................................................................41
Printing Images.................................................................................................................42
Saving Images..................................................................................................................43

Appendix 1 – Sketch Maps of Arrays...................................................................................44

Geogiga RTomo 6.0 User Guide ii

 Chapter 1 – Introducing RTomo Interface
The RTomo interface has five parts as shown in figure 1-1:

➢ Title Bar

➢ Menu Bar

➢ Toolbar

➢ Display Window

➢ Status Bar

The following will explain these parts in detail.

Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar

Display Window

Status Bar

Figure 1-1:The RTomo interface

Title Bar
The Title Bar shows the data filename. When the data are changed, a “*” symbol will appear
at the end of the filename to remind you to save the data file.

Chapter 1 – Introducing RTomo Interface 3

Menu Bar
The Menu Bar has following menus:

➢ File Menu

➢ Pre-Process Menu

➢ Topography Menu

➢ Inversion Menu

➢ Section Menu

➢ Curve Menu

➢ Window Menu

➢ Help Menu

When you click one of the menu names, a drop-down submenu appears and displays a list of
related commands.

File Menu

The submenu under the File menu, as shown in figure 1-2, contains following commands:

➢ Open – Open a data file.

➢ Save – Save data file.

➢ Save As – Save data file with a new name.

➢ Export Data – Output data with XZV format.

➢ Data Selection – Choose the type of data to be

displayed.

➢ Data Information – Show the information of data

including geometry and array.

➢ Close – Close data file.

➢ Print – Print an image.

➢ Save Image – Save an image

Figure 1-2: The File submenu
➢ Exit – Exit RTomo.

Chapter 1 – Introducing RTomo Interface 4

 Pre-Process Menu

The submenu under the Pre-Process menu, as shown in figure 1-3, contains following
commands:

➢ Filter – Remove bad data points with median filter,

Alpha trim, or average filter.

➢ Edit Manually – Interactively edit data.

➢ Remote Correction – Reduce the effect of remote

electrodes for the pole-pole array.

➢ Undo – Erase changes done to data.

➢ Redo – Reverse the Undo. Figure 1-3: The Pre-Process submenu

Topography Menu

The submenu under the Topography menu, as shown in figure 1-4, contains commands
listed as follows:

➢ Input Elevation – Load elevation from a text

file or enter the information.

➢ Correction – Reduce the elevation effect with

topographic correction.
Figure 1-4: The Topography submenu

Inversion

The submenu under the Inversion menu, as shown in figure 1-5, contains the commands
given below:

➢ Settings – Set tomography parameters.

➢ Start – Start the tomography.

➢ Pause – Pause or resume the tomography.

➢ Stop – Stop the tomography.

➢ Review – Review the tomography.

Figure 1-5: The Inversion submenu

Chapter 1 – Introducing RTomo Interface 5

 Section Menu

The submenu under the Section menu, as shown in figure 1-6, contains commands listed
as follows:

➢ Display – Plot data in 2D section.

➢ Grade – Define color grades.

➢ Display Settings – Customize the display of

section such as scale, label, and colorbar.

➢ Annotate Electrode Numbers – Annotate the

X axis in electrode numbers or coordinates.

➢ Show Data Points – Show or hide the display

of data points in 2D section.

➢ Show Electrodes – Show or hide the display

of electrodes when clicking the mouse button Figure 1-6: The Section submenu
on a 2D section.

➢ Display Wells – Display well data on a 2D

section.

Curve Menu

The submenu under the Curve menu as shown in figure 1-7 contains following commands:

➢ Display – Plot data in curves.

➢ Display Type – Choose to plot profile or

sounding curves, and select the curve visibility.

➢ Display Control – Customize the display of

curves such as scale, label, gridlines, and
background color.
Figure 1-7: The Curve submenu

Chapter 1 – Introducing RTomo Interface 6

 Window Menu

The submenu under the Window menu, as shown in figure 1-8, contains the following
commands:

➢ Toolbars – Toggle the visibility of the Toolbar.

➢ Statusbar – Toggle the visibility of the Status

Bar.

Figure 1-8: The Window submenu

Help Menu

The submenu under the Help menu as shown in figure 1-9 contains following commands:

➢ Manual – Open the RTomo User Guide.

➢ About – View the information related to RTomo and

the computer system memory.

Figure 1-9: The Help submenu

Toolbar
As shown in figure 1-10, the button icons on the Toolbar correspond to the commonly used
commands under the menus. To run a command, click its related button icon.

Figure 1-10: The button icons on the Toolbar

Chapter 1 – Introducing RTomo Interface 7

Display Window
The Display Window varies with the operating status. For example, during the inversion, the
left is the colorbar, the right top is the original or topo-corrected data section and the right
bottom is the inverse model.

To adjust the view sizes, drag the separator bar as shown in figure 1-11.

Figure 1-11: The Display Window in inversion state

Status Bar
On the Status Bar, you will see the information related to commands or data when moving
the mouse cursor over the RTomo interface.

Chapter 1 – Introducing RTomo Interface 8

 Chapter 2 – Loading Data
This chapter covers following topics:

➢ Loading data

➢ Checking data information

➢ Selecting data to be displayed

Loading Data
To load data, open the Load Data dialog box by clicking the Open command under the File
menu. On the dialog box as shown in figure 2-1:

(1) Select the data filename by clicking the left mouse button on the filename. After that,
the data format is automatically recognized and the corresponding parameters are
displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.

The supported data formats include ABEM, DUK, RT, and RTOMO.

(2) Check or modify the values in the following fields:

➢ Array — The supported array includes Wenner Alpha, Wenner Beta, Wenner
Gamma, Pole Pole, Pole Dipole, Schlumberger, Wenner Schlumberger, Dipole
Dipole, and other general arrays. The sketch maps of these arrays are described in
Appendix 1.

➢ # of Electrodes — Total number of electrodes.

➢ Spacing — The minimum spacing between two electrodes in meters.

➢ Starting Location — The coordinate of the 1st electrode in meters. The default value
is 0m.

➢ Separation Factor — The minimum(Min) and maximum(Max) separation factors.

➢ Wenner Schlumberger Factor — It is only valid for the Wenner Schlumberger array.

➢ Depth Scaling factor — The default value equals to 1.0.

The detected depth D is the product of electrode spacing a, separation factor n, and
depth scaling factor f, D = a·n·f.

Chapter 2 – Loading Data 9

 (3) Click the Open button to calculate the number of data points based on the number of
electrodes, separation factors, and type of array. The data will be loaded if the number
of data calculated equals to the number of data measured.

Figure 2-1: The Load Data dialog box

Note: If the data format is not the format of RTomo, a “~” will be appended to the original data
filename, and then the data be saved in the original filename with RTomo format.

Chapter 2 – Loading Data 10

Checking Data Information
To check the data information after loading data, open the Data Information dialog box by
clicking the Data Information command under the File menu.

On the Data Information dialog box as shown in figure 2-2, you can check the Number of
Electrodes, Separation Factor, and Array, or modify the following values:

➢ Spacing

➢ Starting Location

➢ Wenner Schlumberger Factor

➢ Depth Scaling factor

After the values are changed, click the Save button to save the parameters in data file.

Figure 2-2: The Data Information dialog box

Chapter 2 – Loading Data 11

Selecting Data to be Displayed
To select the data to be displayed, open the Data Selection dialog box by clicking the Data
Selection command under the File menu.

On the Data Selection dialog box as shown in figure 2-3, select the data source under the
Source list and choose the data type under the Data list.

➢ Data sources include original, topo-corrected, and inverse model.

There will be only original listed if the topographic correction and tomography are not
conducted.

➢ Data types include ρ, ρa, ρb, λa(ρa/ρb),λb(ρb/ρa),η,ηa,ηb.

Except the pole-dipole array, all other arrays only have two types of data: ρ (resistivity)
and η (IP). If the data file only contains resistivity, η will not be shown.

Figure 2-3: The Data Selection dialog box

Chapter 2 – Loading Data 12

The drop-down list box on the Toolbar as shown in figure 2-4 can also be used to select the
data source and the data type.

Figure 2-4: Select the data source and data type

Chapter 2 – Loading Data 13

 Chapter 3 – Pre-Processing Data
This chapter explains how to pre-process data by:

➢ Filtering

➢ Editing

➢ Remote Correction

For the pole-dipole array, the ρsa(ηsa) and ρsb(ηsb) must be pre-processed separately.

Filtering Data
To filter data, open the Filter dialog box as shown in figure 3-1 by clicking the Filter command
under the Pre-Process menu. On the dialog box,

(1) Select the type of filter by clicking the Median, Alpha-Trimmed, or Mean radio button.

(2) If the Median or Mean option is chosen, enter the smoothing radius in the X and Y
fields below the Smoother label. You can also change the radius by clicking the arrow
button next to the fields.

The smoothing radius is the number of data points used in the median or mean filter.

(3) If the Alpha-Trimmed option is chosen, enter the value of Alpha in the Alpha field

(4) Click the Apply button to filter data.

To check the effect of filter or tune the parameters, click the Undo and Redo command under
the Pre-Process menu.

Figure 3-1: The Filter dialog box

Chapter 3 – Pre-Processing Data 14

Editing Data

You can manually edit data in the display of color section or curves.

The Display Window are similar in figure 3-2 or figure 3-3 when the Edit Manually command
under the Pre-Process menu is clicked.

To edit data in the display of color section:

(1) Select a data point by clicking the left mouse button on the color section. After that,
the data value at the chosen data point is shown in the field on the Edit dialog box.

(2) On the Edit dialog box, enter a value in the field, and then click the Set button to
change the data value and update the display of color section.

The data point with a minimum or maximum data value can be located on a color section
when the Min or Max button on the Edit dialog box is clicked.

Figure 3-2: Editing data in the display of color section

Chapter 3 – Pre-Processing Data 15

To edit data in the display of curves:

(1) Select a data point by clicking the left mouse button on the curves. After that, the data
value at the chosen data point is shown in the field on the Edit dialog box.

(2) Vertically drag the chosen data point with left mouse button in the Display Window to
directly change the data value and update the display of curves.

Or enter a value in the field and then click the Set button on the Edit dialog box to
change the data value and update the display of curves.

Figure 3-3: Editing data in the display of curves

To check the effect of editing, click the Undo and Redo command on the Toolbar.

Chapter 3 – Pre-Processing Data 16

Remote Correction
This is only valid for the pole-pole array.

For the pole-pole array, the remote electrodes B and N are perpendicular to the survey line
and are normally placed in the opposite direction as far as possible. If the positions are not far
enough, the effect can be reduced with the Remote Correction command.

To reduce the effect of remote electrodes, open the Correction of Remote Electrodes dialog
box by clicking the Remote Correction command under the Pre-Process menu.

On the Correction of Remote Electrodes dialog box as shown in figure 3-4:

(1) Enter the X and Y coordinates of remote electrode B in the relevant fields below the
Electrode B label.

(2) Enter the X and Y coordinates of remote electrode N in the relevant fields below the
Electrode N label.

(3) Click the OK button to run the remote correction.

Figure ３-4: The Correction of Remote Electrodes dialog box

To check the effect of remote correction, click the Undo and Redo command on the Toolbar.

Chapter 3 – Pre-Processing Data 17

 Chapter 4 – Topographic Correction
This chapter describes how to:

➢ Input and edit elevation

➢ Run topographic correction

The iterative finite element method is used in the topographic correction.

If the file contains both resistivity and IP, the correction will be automatically applied on both
types of data.

Inputting Elevation
To input elevation, open the Input Elevation dialog box by clicking the Input Elevation
command under the Topography menu.

Figure 4-1: The Input Elevation dialog box

Chapter 4 – Topographic Correction 18

On the Input Elevation dialog box as shown in figure 4-1:

(1) Turn on the Topography option.

(2) If the elevation data is based on electrode coordinates, select the Coordinates option.
By default, the elevation data uses electrode numbers.

(3) Input elevation from a text file by clicking the Load button.

The text file has two columns as shown below with the 1 st column for the electrode
number or coordinate and 2nd column for the elevation:

1, 0
10, 2.9
19, 2
25, 1.5
40, -11
50, -4.4
60, -5
…
If elevation data is not saved in a text file, go to step (2).

(4) Enter electrode numbers or coordinates and elevations in the text area below the
Electrode # (or X), Elevation label.

The input values are normally separated by a comma or space.

You can also use the Ctrl-C and Ctrl-V keys to copy and paste the elevation data from
other text editors or Windows Excel.

(5) Click the OK button to save elevation in the data file.

Next time when the data file is opened, the elevation will be automatically loaded.

Note: The electrode number always starts at 1 if the elevation data is based on electrode
numbers.

Chapter 4 – Topographic Correction 19

Applying Topographic Correction
To run topographic correction, open the Topographic Correction dialog box by clicking the
Correction command under the Topography menu.

On the Topographic Correction dialog box as shown in figure 4-2:

(1) Set the number of iterations by entering a value in the Maximum Iterations field, or
clicking the arrow button next to the field.

(2) Define the change of data range relative to the data average by entering values in the
Lower and Upper fields.

(3) Click the Start button to start topographic correction.

The Display Window is accordingly updated as shown in figure 4-3.

Figure 4-2: The Topographic Correction dialog box

Chapter 4 – Topographic Correction 20

 Figure 4-3: The Display Window during topographic correction.

After the topographic correction is started, a subdirectory is created under the data file path.
The subdirectory, named as the prefix of data filename + “_pd”, saves the corrected data.
The corrected data file has the same prefix of data filename but with an extension of “.mod”.

To only display the corrected data in the Display Window after topographic correction,
choose the Topo-Corrected option by clicking the list box on the Toolbar or clicking the Data
Selection command under the File menu.

The corrected data can also be loaded with the Open command under the File menu.

Chapter 4 – Topographic Correction 21

 Chapter 5 – Resistivity and IP Tomography
This chapter talks about how to:

➢ Set tomography parameters

➢ Run tomography

➢ Review tomography results

Setting Tomography Parameters

To set tomography parameters, open the Tomo Settings dialog box by clicking the Settings
command under the Inversion menu.

Figure 5-1: The Tomo Settings dialog box

On the Tomo Settings dialog box as shown in figure 5-1:

(1) Specify the number of iterations by entering a value in the Maximum Iterations field,
or clicking the arrow button next to the field.

(2) Set the limit of RMS fitting error by entering a value(%) in the RMS Convergence
Limit field.

Chapter 5 – Resistivity and IP Tomography 22

 (3) Choose whether to limit the model range by clicking the Limit Model Range check
box. If the Limit Model Range option is turned on, define the model range relative to
the data average by entering values in the Lower and Upper fields.

(4) Click the OK button to update tomography settings.

The Data Source is automatically determined. If there is variable surface, you must first run
topographic correction and then use the Topography Corrected data as the data source.

Running Tomography
To run tomography:

(1) Click the Start command under the Inversion menu. After that, you will see the Tomo
Settings dialog box on which the OK button is replaced by the Start button as shown
in figure 5-2.

Since the tomography is time consuming, the Tomo Settings dialog box reappears to
let you double check the settings before running the tomography.

(2) Check the parameter settings, and then click the Start button to start tomography.

The Display Window is accordingly updated as shown in figure 5-3.

Figure 5-2: Starting tomography on the Tomo Settings dialog box

Chapter 5 – Resistivity and IP Tomography 23

 Figure 5-3: The Display Window during inversion

When the tomography is started, a subdirectory is created under the current data file path.
The subdirectory, named as the prefix of data filename + “_pd”, saves the inverse models.
The file of model has the same prefix of data filename but with an extension of “.inv”.

After starting tomography, you may click the Pause or Stop button icon on the Toolbar to
pause/resume or stop the inversion at any time.

The tomography will be stopped if any of these following conditions appears:

➢ The current iteration number is larger than the Maximum Iterations.

➢ The current RMS fitting error is smaller than the RMS Convergence Limit.

➢ The inversion does not converge.

If the data file contains both resistivity and IP, the tomography will be automatically applied on
both types of data.

Chapter 5 – Resistivity and IP Tomography 24

Reviewing Tomography Results
To review the results after the tomography is finished, open the Inversion Review dialog box
by clicking the Review command under the Inversion menu. On the dialog box as shown in
figure 5-4:

Click the name in the Iteration list box to review the tomography results. Here, the name
shows the iteration number followed by the average fitting error in percentage.

If the Iteration list box is empty (normally after you exit the RTomo), click the Load button to
update the list.

Figure 5-4: The Inversion Review dialog box

To display the inverse model in the Display Window at the chosen iteration after the review,
choose the Inverse option by clicking the drop-down list box on the Toolbar as shown in
figure 5-5 or clicking the Data Selection command under the File menu.

Figure 5-5: Selecting the inverse model to be displayed

The inverse model can also be loaded with the Open command under the File menu.

Chapter 5 – Resistivity and IP Tomography 25

 Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section
To display data in color section as shown in figure 6-1, click the Display command under the
Section menu.

Figure 6-1: Displaying data in color section

The following talks about how to:

➢ Define grades including values, colors, contours, and lithologic symbols.

➢ Set the display including scale, annotation, colorbar, fonts, and title.

➢ Annotate electrode numbers on the X axis.

➢ Show data points on color section.

➢ Demonstrate the survey array by showing electrodes on color section.

➢ Plot well data on color section.

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section 26

Defining Grades
To define the grades including values, colors, contours, and lithologic symbols, open the
Section Grade Definition dialog box by clicking the Grade command under the Section
menu. On the dialog box as shown in figure 6-2:

(1) Select the Mapping Mode by clicking the Linear or Logarithm radio button.

(2) Change the number of grades by clicking the Insert, Append, or Remove button.

(3) Enter the grade values in the cells at the Value column.

For reference, the original and the mapping data ranges are shown above the table.
When the grade values are changed, the mapping range will be updated accordingly.

To interpolate the grade values based on two cells, select a block of cells by dragging
the left mouse button over the relevant cells or clicking the left mouse button on the
first and last cells of the block while holding the Shift key (clicking the Value header
will select all cells), and then click the Value button under the Interpolate label.

(4) To plot sections with colors, turn on the Color option and then change a grade color
by double clicking the cell filled with the color under the Color column.

To interpolate the grade colors based on two cells, select a block of cells by dragging
the left mouse button over the relevant cells or clicking the left mouse button on the
first and last cells of the block while holding the Shift key (clicking the Color header
will select all cells), and then click the Color button under the Interpolate label.

To reverse the color map, click the Reverse button next to the Color check box.

(5) To plot sections with symbols, turn on the Symbol option and then set a grade symbol
by double clicking a cell under the Symbol column then selecting a symbol from the
drop-down list box in that cell.

The >> button next to the Symbol check box is to edit predefined symbols.

(6) To plot sections with contours, turn on the Contour option, and then select whether to
label the contours by clicking the Label check box, finally choose the contours to be
plotted by clicking the check boxes under the Contour column.

To plot all contours, click the On button next to the All label. To cancel all contours,
click the Off button next to the On button.

(7) Click the Apply button to update the display with the defined settings.

After defining the values, colors, and symbols, you can save the settings in a file by clicking
the Save button. The file can be loaded anytime with the Load button.

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section 27

 Figure 6-2: The Section Grade Definition dialog box

To edit predefined symbols, click the >> button to open the Symbol Editor dialog box as
shown in figure 6-3, and then:

➢ Edit a symbol by selecting a symbol name from the Symbol List box, then clicking or
dragging the left mouse button to draw or the right mouse button to erase on the grids
in the Edit panel, and finally clicking the Update button.

➢ Design the filling pattern of a symbol, as shown in the Sample panel, by selecting a
symbol name from the Symbol List box, then selecting the Shift or Skip option, and
finally clicking the Update button.

➢ Rename a symbol by selecting a symbol name from the Symbol List box, and then
changing the name in the Name field, finally clicking the Update button.

➢ Add a symbol by clicking the Add button and then editing the symbol.

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section 28

 ➢ Delete a symbol by selecting a symbol name from the Symbol List box and then
clicking the Remove button.

➢ Click the Save button to save the symbols in the g3symbols.sym file under the
C:\Users\<username>\.geogiga directory. These symbols are shared by all applications
in Geogiga RImager and Seismic Pro.

Figure 6-3: Editing symbols on the Symbol Editor dialog box

Setting the Display

To set the display parameters including scales, annotations, colorbar, fonts, and title, open the
Section Display Settings dialog box by clicking the Display Settings command under the
Section menu. On the dialog box as shown in figure 6-4:

➢ Set the display scale under the Scale label by turning off the Auto option and then
entering values in the X and Y fields.

The image size, shown in the relevant non-editable fields, is updated accordingly. When
the image size is larger than the Display Window size, the scrollbar will appear.

➢ Change the annotations of axes under the X Axis or Y Axis label by turning off the Auto
option and then entering values in the relevant Major and Minor fields.

To modify the starting coordinate of annotations, enter a value in the relevant Start field.

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section 29

 To define the decimal places of annotations, enter a value in the relevant Decimal
Places field or click the arrow button next to the field.

➢ To reverse the color section, turn on the Reverse option.

➢ Specify the type of tick mark by clicking the Tick Mark combo box and then selecting an
option among the None, Inside, Outside, and Cross options from the drop-down list.

➢ Toggle the visibility of colorbar by clicking the Colorbar check box.

If the Colorbar option is selected, click the Vertical check box to display the colorbar
vertically or horizontally. If the sections are filled with colors and symbols, click the
Value check box to annotate the colorbar with data values or symbol names.

To specify the decimal places of annotations for colorbar, enter a value in the Decimal
Places field under the Colorbar check box or click the arrow button next to the field.

➢ Display the title by turning on the Title option and then entering the name in the field
next to the option.

➢ To update the display with the defined settings, click the Apply button. To change the
fonts of annotations, click the Font Button.

Figure 6-4: The Section Display Settings dialog box

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section 30

Annotating Electrode Numbers
Usually, the X axis is annotated with electrode coordinates.

To annotate the X axis with electrode numbers as shown in figure 6-5, click the Annotate
Electrode Numbers command under the Section menu. The annotation will be switched
back to coordinates if the Annotate Electrode Numbers command is re-clicked.

Figure 6-5: Annotate electrode numbers on the X axis in color section

Showing Data Points

The data points are usually plotted on the color section.

To hide the data points on color section as shown in figure 6-6, click the Show Data Points
command under the Section menu. The data points will be displayed if the Show Data
Points command is re-clicked.

Figure 6-6: Hiding data pointing on color section

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section 31

Showing Electrodes
To demonstrate the survey array on color section, click the Show Electrodes command
under the Section menu.

If the Show Electrodes option is selected, the electrodes will be plotted on the X axis as
shown in figure 6-7 when you click the left mouse button on any data point.

Figure 6-7: Demonstrating the survey array by showing electrodes on X axis

Plotting Well Data

Well data can be plotted on a color section as shown in figure 6-8.

Figure 6-8: Plotting well data on color section

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section 32

To display well data, click the Display Wells command under the Section menu to open the
Input Well Data dialog box. On the dialog box as shown in figure 6-9:

(1) Click the Add button, and then input the well name under the Name column in the
Well List.

(2) Enter the well location and the starting depth of the well in the Location and Starting
Depth fields.

Note: The depth of a color section always starts at n·a·f, where n is the minimum of
separation factor, a is the electrode spacing, and f is the depth scaling factor. To match
the plotting of color section, the starting depth of the well should be -n·a·f, otherwise,
all the depths of well data need to subtract n·a·f.

(3) Input the depths of well data under the Depth column and select the lithologic symbol
from the Lithologic Symbols list to describe the layers.

(4) Repeat steps (1)~ (3) to add more wells.

To remove a well from the well list, click the Remove button. To save the input of well
data in a text file, click the Save button. The well data can be loaded from the text file
by clicking the Load button.

(5) Click the Apply button to plot well data in color section.

To cancel the display of well data, deselect the Show option. To specify the width for
the display of wells, enter a value in the Width field or click the arrow button next to
the field.

Figure 6-9: Inputting Well Data

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in Color Section 33

 Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves
To display data in curves as shown in figure 7-1, click the Display command under the Curve
menu.

Figure 7-1: Displaying Data in Curves

The following talks about how to:

➢ Select curves to be displayed.

➢ Set the display including scale, annotation, gridlines, background, fonts and title.

Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves 34

Choosing Curve to be Displayed
To choose the curves to be displayed, open the Curve Options dialog box by clicking the
Display Type command under the Curve menu. On the dialog box as shown in figure 7-2:

➢ Select the type of data by clicking the Resistivity, Ratio, or Polarizability radio button
and then turning on the relevant check boxes.

The data types include ρ, ρa, ρb, λa(ρa/ρb),λb(ρb/ρa),η,ηa,ηb. Except the

pole-dipole array, all other arrays only have two types of data: ρ (resistivity) and η (IP). If
the data file only contains resistivity, η will be disabled.

➢ Choose the type of curves by clicking the Profile or Sounding Curve radio button.

If the Profile option is chosen, select the curves to be displayed by clicking the numbers
in the Visibility list while holding the Ctrl or Shift key.

➢ Select the mode of display by clicking the Separate, Separate Uniform, or Together
radio button.

The Separate option makes all curves individually displayed with different scales; the
Separate Uniform option makes all curves are individually displayed with a same
scale; the Together option makes all curves displayed together with a same scale.

Figure 7-2: The Curve Options dialog box

Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves 35

Setting Curve Display
To set the curve display, open the Curve Display dialog box by clicking the Display Settings
command under the Curve menu. On the dialog box as shown in figure 7-3, the settings are
grouped under two tabs:

➢ Geometry – Change the plot settings related to axes and annotations.

➢ Properties – Define the style and color of gridlines, background color, and title.

The following talks about the settings under these tabs.

Figure 7-3: The Curve Display dialog box

Geometry

On the Curve Display dialog box, click the Geometry tab.

Under the Geometry tab as shown in figure 7-4, the settings are grouped by axes:

➢ X – horizontal axis

➢ Y – vertical axis

Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves 36

 Figure 7-4: Geometry tab on the Curve Display dialog box

Under the X or Y, following options are available:

➢ Plotting Range – includes the Lower and the Upper.

The Lower, the starting coordinate on X or Y, corresponds with the left or the bottom of
the display window. The Upper, the ending coordinate on X or Y, consists with the right
or the top of the display window.

You can reverse the curve plotting by setting the Lower bigger than the Upper. To set
the Lower or the Upper, enter a value in the relative field and click the Apply button.

➢ Plotting Size – involves the Scale and the Autofit.

The Scale defines the relative plotting size. The Autofit option fits the curve plotting in
the display window in the X or Y direction.

To change the Scale, deselect the relevant Autofit check box, and then enter a value in
the relevant Scale field , finally click the Apply button.

Another way to change the scale is to hold down the Shift key while dragging the left
mouse button on any side of X or Y or at any corner as shown in figure 7-5. To cancel
the change, click the Reset button at the bottom of the Curve Display dialog box.

Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves 37

 Figure 7-5: Changing the plotting scale with Shift + left mouse button

➢ Gridlines – contains the Gridlines, the Major and the Minor.

The Major or Minor defines the distance between two nearest major or minor gridlines
on X or Y. The Minor is always smaller than the Major.

Click the related Gridlines check box to toggle the visibility of the Major and the Minor
gridlines in the X or Y direction.

To change the Major or the Minor interval, enter a value in the relevant field and click
the Apply button.

➢ Annotation – Gives options to annotate X at the Top or Bottom, and to annotate Y at

the Left or Right.

Toggle these options by clicking the relevant check boxes, then click the Apply button
to update the annotations.

Under the Geometry tab, the plotting range, plotting size, gridlines, and annotations have
been discussed. Next, you will see the other settings related to the curve plotting under the
Properties tab.

Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves 38

 Properties

On the Curve Display dialog box, click the Properties tab.

Figure 7-6: Properties tab on the Curve Display dialog box

Under the Properties tab as shown in figure 7-6, following settings are available:

➢ Gridlines – Select the Style and Color to plot the Major or Minor gridlines.

The style includes Solid, Dash, and Dot. To change the style of gridlines, select a name
from the drop-down list under the Style label, and click the Apply button.

To change the color of gridlines, click the button filled with the current color of Major or
Minor gridlines next to the Color label.

➢ Decimal Places – Set the decimal places of annotations on the X or Y axis by entering
a value in the X or Y field .

➢ Tick Mark – Specify the type of tick mark by clicking the Tick Mark combo box and
then selecting an option among the None, Inside, Outside, and Cross options from the
drop-down list.

Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves 39

 ➢ Foreground – Change the color of foreground by clicking the button filled with the
current foreground color next to the Foreground label.

➢ Background – Change the color of background color by clicking the button filled with
the current background color next to the Background label.

➢ Font – Define annotation fonts for the Axis and the Title. To change the annotation
font, click the Font button.

➢ Axis Title – Enter the title of X or Y axis in the X or Y field under the Axis Title label
and then click the Apply button.

➢ Title – Change the visibility of chart title by clicking the Chart Title check box. If the
Chart Title option is turned on, input a name in the text field next to this check box and
then click the Apply button.

In addition, the Full Window option is to toggle the visibility of axes.

Chapter 7 – Displaying Data in Curves 40

 Chapter 8 – Outputting Results
There are several ways to output results:

➢ Combine and output results in RViewer

➢ Export results to a file with XZV format

➢ Print Images

➢ Save Images

Outputting to RViewer
The data file processed by RTomo can be directly opened in RViewer without any conversion.

Exporting Results as XZV Format

To export results to a file with the XZV text format:

(1) Select the data to be exported by clicking the drop-down list box on the Toolbar.

(2) Open the Select Data File Name dialog box by clicking the Export Data command
under the File menu. On the dialog box as shown in figure 8-1, enter the output file
name in the File name field and then click the Save button.

Figure 8-1: The Select Data File Name dialog box

Chapter 8 – Outputting Results 41

Printing Images
To print an image:

(1) Select the data to be displayed by clicking the drop-down list box on the Toolbar.

(2) Open the Print dialog box by clicking the Print command under the File menu.

(3) On the Print dialog box as shown in figure 8-2,

➢ Define the Margins by entering values in the Left and Top fields, and then click the
Refresh button to update the plotting in the Preview area.

➢ Click the Printer Setup button to change the printer settings, such as the paper size,
layout, and number of copies.

➢ Click the Print button to print the data image plotted in the Display Window.

Note: The size of output image depends on the size of image plotted in the Display Window.
To modify the size of output image, adjust the size of image plotted in the Display Window,
and then click the Refresh button to update the plotting in the Preview area.

Figure 8-2: Printing an image with the Print dialog box

Chapter 8 – Outputting Results 42

Saving Images
To save an image:

(1) Select the data to be displayed by clicking the drop-down list box on the Toolbar.

(2) Open the Save Image dialog box by clicking the Save Image command under the
File menu.

(3) On the Save image dialog box as shown in figure 8-3, enter a name in the File name
field and click the Save button to save the image as PNG or BMP format.

Note: The size of output image depends on the size of image plotted in the Display Window.
To modify the size of output image, adjust the size of image plotted in the Display Window,
and then click the Refresh button to update the plotting in the Preview area.

Figure 8-3: Saving an image with the Save Image dialog box

Chapter 8 – Outputting Results 43

 Appendix 1 – Sketch Maps of Arrays
1．Wenner Alpha: AM=MN=NB

2．Wenner Beta: AB=BM=MN, a special case of dipole-dipole

3．Wenner Gamma: AM=MB=BN

4．Pole-Pole: AM

Appendix 1 – Sketch Maps of Arrays 44

5．Pole-Dipole: AM(BN)=MN

6．Rolling Pole-Dipole: NMA(BNM)

7．Bidirectional Pole-Dipole: AMN(MNB)

8．Schlumberger 1: AMNB (MN spacing is fixed)

Appendix 1 – Sketch Maps of Arrays 45

9．Schlumberger 2: AMNB (MN spacing is fixed)

10．Wenner Schlumberger 1: AMNB (MN spacing varies with the Separator Factor)

11．Wenner Schlumberger 2: AMNB (MN spacing varies with the Separator Factor)

12．Pole-Pole Sounding: AM

Appendix 1 – Sketch Maps of Arrays 46