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Environment GK Notes

This document provides essential environmental knowledge for the Data Entry Operator Grade-II Exam, covering definitions, functions of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), types of pollution, waste management, biodiversity conservation, environmental laws, climate change, and global issues. Key topics include air and water pollution, solid waste management, and sustainable development concepts. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding environmental science and regulations in India.

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82 views2 pages

Environment GK Notes

This document provides essential environmental knowledge for the Data Entry Operator Grade-II Exam, covering definitions, functions of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), types of pollution, waste management, biodiversity conservation, environmental laws, climate change, and global issues. Key topics include air and water pollution, solid waste management, and sustainable development concepts. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding environmental science and regulations in India.

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aaravsharma3015
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ENVIRONMENTAL GK & SCIENCE NOTES FOR DATA ENTRY OPERATOR GRADE-II EXAM (CPCB)

1. BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL DEFINITIONS

• Environment: The sum total of all living and non-living components that surround an organism.
• Ecology: The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their
environment.
• Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
• Biodiversity: The variety of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or the entire Earth.
• Pollution: The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment.

2. FUNCTIONS OF CPCB (CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD)

• Advises the Central Government on environmental issues.


• Coordinates activities of State Pollution Control Boards.
• Lays down standards for air and water quality.
• Conducts research and investigation into environmental problems.
• Organizes training programs for personnel involved in pollution control.
• Collects, compiles and publishes technical and statistical data.

3. AIR & NOISE POLLUTION

• Air Pollutants: CO, NOx, SO2, Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10)


• Effects: Respiratory diseases, acid rain, smog.
• Noise Pollution: Measured in decibels (dB), sources include traffic, industries, loudspeakers.
• Permissible Limits: Residential: 55 dB (Day), 45 dB (Night)

4. WATER & WASTEWATER

• Water Pollution Sources: Industrial effluents, sewage, chemical runoff.


• Parameters: BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), pH, TDS.
• Wastewater Treatment: Primary (physical), Secondary (biological), Tertiary (chemical/advanced)

5. SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE

• Municipal Solid Waste: Household waste, food waste, packaging.


• Hazardous Waste: Toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive (e.g. pesticides, solvents).
• Management: Segregation at source, recycling, incineration, landfill.

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6. BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION

• Hotspots in India: Himalayas, Western Ghats, Indo-Burma, Sundaland.


• Conservation Methods:
• In-situ: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries
• Ex-situ: Zoos, Botanical gardens, Seed banks

7. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

• Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974


• Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
• Environment Protection Act, 1986
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
• Forest Conservation Act, 1980

8. CLIMATE CHANGE

• Causes: Greenhouse gases – CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs


• Effects: Global warming, melting glaciers, sea-level rise
• Agreements: Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol, UNFCCC

9. GLOBAL & REGIONAL ISSUES

• Global Warming: Rise in average global temperature


• Ozone Layer Depletion: Caused by CFCs; protected by Montreal Protocol
• Desertification: Loss of land productivity due to overgrazing, deforestation

10. OTHER IMPORTANT TERMS

• Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of present without compromising
future generations.
• Carbon Footprint: Total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an individual or
activity.
• Green Economy: Economy that aims for sustainable development without degrading the
environment.

For updates, refer: https://cpcb.nic.in/

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