Strawberry
❑Climatic requirements:
➢Avocado grows best in sub-tropical, warm temperate,
and temperate areas.
➢ The optimum temperature range for its best growth
and development is 15-25 ℃.
➢The optimum temperature range for flowering and
ripening is 14-16 ℃.
➢It requires good sunshine and frost-free conditions.
➢Well-distributed rainfall of 3000-4000 mm is good.
➢They can be grown well in altitudes of a range 1500-
2500 MASL.
❑Soil Requirements:
➢It grows best in well-drained and fertile soil.
➢Deep soil rich in organic materials is favorable.
➢Soil pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is favorable.
➢It is susceptible to water logging conditions.
➢Sandy soil isn’t good.
❑Varieties/Cultivars:
➢Nyoho
➢Tiaga
➢Torrey
➢Missionary
➢Senga Sengana
❑Propagation methods:
➢Both seeds and vegetative methods are
used for propagation.
➢Commonly used methods include;
▪ Runners (most common)
▪ Suckers
▪ Micro-propagation or tissue culture
▪ Seeds
How are new plants produced from runners?
✓ Select healthy mother plants during the end of
Chaitra (April), apply fertilizers around the plant,
and it will send out runners.
✓ These runners can be trapped into plastic bags
filled with soil mixture or potted separately.
✓ After a few weeks, rooting will occurr.
✓ The baby plant can be separated from the
mother plant by cutting them about 2-3 cm from
the mother plant.
✓ The soil mixture of the pot is 1 part well
decomposed compost, 1 part rice bran/hull and I
part soil. Add some oil cake powder.
✓ Production of these new plants should be
completed from April to May/June (Baisak to
Jestha).
✓ These new plants in the same bag should be
kept for 3 months with adequate watering.
❑System of planting:
➢The land is prepared by ploughing the field 2-3
times and planking to make a fine pulverized,
weed-free field.
➢ An adequate amount of FYM is incorporated into
the field during field preparation.
➢Flat beds of 1 m width are made.
➢Healthy runners are planted in the double row
system spaced at 30cm plant to plant and 40cm
row to row.
➢Normally, 1500 plants/ropani will be adequate.
➢Seedlings/ saplings are transplanted during the
evening time.
➢Generally, planting season is 2nd week of Bhadra
to 1 week of Aswin (August-September). Runners
that come from newly planted plants should be
removed. Otherwise, fruits can't be harvested in
Magh-Falgun (January-February).
➢The other planting season is Magh-
Falgun. Soon after the establishment of these
plants, they start flowering. Remove these flowers
at once. When the plants spread on the bed like
mats, the flowering and fruiting will proceed to
occur.
❑ Manuring and fertilization:
➢Generally, the amount of manure and fertilizer
required varies on;
✓ edaphic (soil) conditions,
✓ Geography of field
✓ irrigation methods,
✓ variety,
✓ planting time,
✓ Type and source of fertilizers,
✓ Age of plant, etc.
➢Commonly used different sources of fertilizers
are given below:
✓ Urea (46%N)
✓ DAP ( 18%N, 46% P)
✓ MoP (60% K)
✓ Cow dung manure
✓ Poultry Manure
✓ FYM
✓ Oil cakes
FYM 1500 kg per ropani During field preparation
Urea 5 kg per ropani Basal dose
5 kg per ropani During flowering (Poush)
DAP 20 kg per ropani Basal dose
10 kg per ropani During flowering (Poush)
MoP 4 kg per ropani Basal dose
❑Irrigation:
➢Irrigation requirements depend upon the soil and
climatic conditions.
➢During the initial stage, frequent irrigation is required.
➢Irrigation is done at the interval of 4-5 days during
summer and 10-15 days during winter.
➢Drip irrigation is the best method.
➢Irrigation should be provided after each fertilizer
application.
Irrigation is essential in at least 3 stages;
➢ Before Flowering
➢After the fruit set
➢During Fruit development
❑Training and pruning:
➢Since it is a herb, no special training is required as
in perennial temperate fruits.
➢However, plants may be trained to:
(a) 1 stalk system (keep one original stalk and
remove all runners),
(b) 4 stalk system (keep 4 stalk spreading all
direction),
❑Training and pruning:
c) multi stalk system (keep several runners at 30-
35cm distance that come from the main stalk and
remove all other runners.)
➢ 3D ( Diseased, Dried, & Deformed) parts and
newer runners must be frequently pruned or
removed for better fruit growth.
❑Weed Management:
➢Weeds can be controlled manually or by applying
herbicides like Glyphosate or Paraquat.
➢Organic mulch or plastic mulch can be used
around the base of the plant to prevent weed
growth.
❑Netting:
❖ When strawberries start ripening, their sweet,
soft, and juicy fruit attracts not only man but also
birds, which can damage fruits considerably.
❖ Netting and bird scaring devices must be kept in
strawberry fields well before fruits reach the
maturity stage.
❑Diseases Management
❑Gray Mold:
▪ Causes fruit rot and fuzzy gray growth on berries.
▪ Apply bavistin.
❑powdery mildew :
❑Verticillium Wilt:
•Causes wilting and yellowing of leaves.
•Management: apply Bavistin.
❑Insect Pest Management
❑Aphids
❑Fruit Flies:
❑Strawberry Bud Weevils::
➢Female
: beetles lay a single egg in developing
flower buds of host plants and larvae develop
and feed internally
➢Control: Spray Emamectin Benzoate.
❑Harvesting and yield:
➢ They are non-climacteric fruit and are picked
when they are ripe.
➢Strawberries are typically ready for harvest when
they have developed a deep red color covering 50-
75% of the fruit surface.
➢Average yield is around 12-15 mton per ha.
