Linux- Basic commands

Status check of instance

0/2 → hardware issues
1/2 → software issues
2/2 → all okay

Prompt :
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-81-230 ~]$

1. ec2-user → username → dynamic

2. @ → separation symbol

3. hostname → aws → private IP → static

4. ~(home directory of user)→ tild sign → present working directory

5. represent type of user → $ (local user) , #(root user)

Types of user in Linux

1. root user

2. local user

3. super-user

4. system user

Commands
su - root / sudo -i → switch user to root

pwd → to show present working directory

clear → to clear terminal

whoami → display username

logout → to exit from current terminal

Linux- Basic commands 1

 which <command_name> → which pwd → it shows path of the command file

forward slash → represent Directory

/ec2-user/data/
/home → 2 dir(/ , home)
/home/ec2-user/ → 3(/, home, ec2-user)

Basic commands
touch → to create files

echo → to print strings

mkdir → to create a directory

rm → to remove files

cd → to change directory

man → manual pages of commands

cat → to read files

ls → to list files in present working directory

rmdir/ rm -r → to remove directory

rmdir -p <full_path> → to remove full parental directory

rm -r <dir_name> → to remove full parental directory

rm -rf → remove files and directory forcefully

Copy + paste → cp
/ → home → ec2-user → shared
|
terminal.txt
syntax : cp <source-path-of-file> <destination-dir>

1. cp terminal.txt shared/ → copy files at destination directory

Linux- Basic commands 2

 2. cp fruits.txt shared/fruits1.txt → rename file while copying at destination

3. cp *.txt txt/ → copy all files ends with .txt

4. cp -r txt/ shared/ → to copy directory

cut + paste → mv
syntax : mv <source-path-of-file> <destination-dir>

1. mv ls.txt aws/ → to move files at destination directory

2. mv <old_file_name> <new_file_name> → to rename files/dir

3. mv /home/ec2-user/aws/ /home/ec2-user/cpp/ → to move compete dir with

it’s content (mention full path)

file filter operations

1. grep → to filter

- ls -ltr | grep "shared"

- cat cp.txt | grep "recursive"

1. locate → to search files

- sudo updatedb
-locate fruits.txt

Editors
1. vi → vim

2. nano

3. gedit

Vim editor
1. command mode → insert mode → press “i”

2. insert mode → command mode → press “ ecs”

3. visual mode

save + exit → :wq (w-write changes, q -quite)

without save + exit → :q!

Linux- Basic commands 3

 command mode
shift + g → jump from top to bottom

gg → jump from bottom to top

/word → to search word from top to bottom, press n for next

?word→ to search word from bottom to top, press n for next

:%s/old_word/new_word : replace the word

u → undo files

ctr + r → redo file

x → delete the character where cursor is present

r → replace single character

dd → to delete the line

:e! → to undo all the changes

v → to enter into visual mode → select data

shift + v and right arrow → to select single character

y → copy selected text

p → to paste the line below the cursor is present

shift + p → to paste the line above the cursor is present

cut + paste → (dd , p)

copy + paste → (y , p)

press 15 + dd

:set nu → set number

:set nonu → to remove number

:100

File hierarchy
/ → top-level directory/ main directory/ root-level directory

/bin → contains all the commands → local user

/sbin → contains all the commands → root user

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 /home → home directory of local user

/root → home directory of root user

/etc → all configuration file

/dev → device related files

/lib → 32 bit archi

/lib64 → 64 bit archi

/boot → booting files

/mnt → partition mount files

/sys → system related files

/usr/ → user related files

/srv → service related files

/var → log, mail, cron

/tmp → deleted files

/opt → optional files

/proc → all ps files

/run → all running files

/media → detachable devices files

Linux- Basic commands 5