Komar University of Science and Technology

Understanding Computer Networks Through Open-Source

Literature

Course Name: Professional Communication

Student Name: [Lalo Samal]
Student ID: [F220241]
Faculty of Engineering

Spring 2025 Semester

Final Assessment Report
 Abstract

This report provides a detailed understanding of the foundational principles of computer

networks, using the open-source book Computer Networking: Principles, Protocols and Practice
by Olivier Bonaventure as a primary resource. Computer networks are fundamental to modern
digital communication, allowing data to move seamlessly between devices across local and
global platforms. The report explores key components such as the layered model of networking,
the structure and function of protocols like TCP/IP, addressing, and routing mechanisms. It
further highlights the real-world significance of networking in applications such as cloud
computing, streaming, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The objective is to deliver a well-
rounded educational perspective on computer networking tailored for students in the computer
engineering field.

Introduction

The digital revolution we live in is powered by computer networks. They are everywhere: in our
homes, schools, businesses, and even embedded in the systems we use daily like smartphones,
smart TVs, and cloud platforms. Understanding how these networks function is crucial for
anyone studying computer engineering. Without networks, devices would be isolated and unable
to communicate, rendering many of our technologies ineffective.

This report is based on Olivier Bonaventure’s comprehensive open-source textbook, Computer

Networking: Principles, Protocols and Practice, which is freely accessible online and designed
to help students grasp the essential concepts of networking clearly and practically. The topics
discussed in this report include the layered model of network communication, the different types
of network protocols, IP addressing, and routing. The goal is to build a solid foundation that will
support further studies and real-world applications in computer engineering.
 The Importance of Computer Networks

Computer networks are critical to almost every digital activity today. From sending emails to
conducting video calls or accessing remote servers, everything requires a stable and secure
network. The primary goal of computer networks is to enable communication and data sharing
between multiple devices. This is done using a combination of hardware like routers, switches,
and cables, along with software protocols that define how data is transmitted.

As highlighted by Bonaventure, a well-designed network must support scalability (ability to

grow), reliability (consistency in delivering data), and efficiency (using resources wisely).
Networks are used in various fields such as education, finance, helthcare, and entertainment. In
essence, they allow organizations and individuals to be more productive, connected, and
innovative.

The Layered Network Architecture

To understand how data travels from one device to another, we use the concept of network
layers. These layers separate the networking process into different steps. Each layer has specific
roles, and they all work together to send and receive data efficiently.

The OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection) includes seven layers:

1. Physical

2. Data Link
3. Network

4. Transport

5. Session

6. Presentation

7. Application

The TCP/IP Model, which is more commonly used in real-world networks, consists of four
layers:

1. Link

2. Internet

3. Transport
4. Application
Each layer communicates with the layer above and below it. For example, the transport layer
ensures that the data is delivered without errors, while the internet layer is responsible for
addressing and routing.

This structure helps engineers troubleshoot problems, design new technologies, and improve
communication systems. By separating responsibilities into layers, network design becomes
more flexible and efficient.

Routing and Addressing in Networks

Routing and addressing are key to making sure data reaches the correct destination. Every device
on a network has a unique IP address (like a phone number for computers). When one device
wants to send data to another, it uses that address to locate the destination.

Routers are special devices that guide data along the best path from sender to receiver. They look
at IP addresses and decide where to send the data next. This process is called routing. There are
different routing protocols, such as:

• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): used within large organizations.

• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): used to route data between different networks (such
as between countries or continents).

Olivier Bonaventure’s book explains how these protocols work in detail, including how routers
update their paths and respond to network failures. Understanding routing and addressing is
crucial for building secure and efficient networks.

Network Protocols and Their Functions

Protocols are like languages that computers use to communicate. They define how data is
packaged, sent, received, and checkd for errors. Some of the most important protocols include:

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Ensures data is delivered correctly and in the
right order. It checks for errors and resends data if necessary.

• IP (Internet Protocol): Handles addressing and routing. Every packet of data gets an IP
address to show where it’s going.

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used by web browsers to access websites.

• DNS (Domain Name System): Translates website names (like www.google.com) into IP
addresses.
These protocols work together to provide a seamless experience for users. For example, when
you open a website, your computer uses DNS to find the IP address, then uses TCP/IP to request
the page and receive the content securely.

Real-World Applications of Networking

Networking technology is applied in many areas:

• Cloud computing: Services like Google Drive and Microsoft Azure rely on fast and
secure networks to store and deliver data.

• E-commerce: Websites like Amazon use networks to handle customer orders and secure
payments.
• Online streaming: Netflix and YouTube deliver videos through content delivery
networks (CDNs).

• Telemedicine: Hospitals use networks for video consultations and remote diagnostics.

• Internet of Things (IoT): Smart devices in homes, cars, and industries are connected
through networks to collect and share data.

Bonaventure’s book provides case studies and diagrams that help readers understand how these
systems work in real life. Networking is no longer just about connecting computers it’s about
creating systems that improve everyday life.
 Conclusion

Computer networks are essential to modern life. They connect people, devices, and systems
across the globe. As future engineers, students must understand how networks are built and how
they operate. This report, based on the freely available book Computer Networking: Principles,
Protocols and Practice, has introduced the core concepts of networking: layered architecture,
addressing, routing, and protocols.

With this knowledge, students can explore advanced topics like network security, cloud
infrastructure, or wireless communication. Open-source resources like Bonaventure’s book make
it easier for everyone to learn these complex subjects in a clear and affordable way.

References

1. Bonaventure, O. (2021). Computer Networking: Principles, Protocols and Practice (3rd

ed.).

2. Kurose, J. F., & Ross, K. W. (2017). Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th
ed.). Pearson Education.

3. Tanenbaum, A. S., & Wetherall, D. J. (2011). Computer Networks (5th ed.). Pearson.