Types of English Texts
1. Procedure Text
Definition:
Procedure text is a type of text that explains how to do or make something step by step.
Purpose:
To provide instructions or directions to complete tasks or activities.
Generic Structure:
- Goal
- Materials
- Steps
Conclusion:
Procedure text helps readers complete tasks by following step-by-step instructions.
2. Narrative Text
Definition:
Narrative text tells a story with a series of events that can be imaginary or real.
Purpose:
To entertain, inform, or teach a lesson through storytelling.
Generic Structure:
- Orientation
- Complication
- Resolution
- Re-orientation (optional)
Conclusion:
Narrative texts are used to tell stories and convey moral or emotional messages.
3. News Item Text
Definition:
News item text provides information about important or newsworthy events.
Purpose:
To inform the audience about daily or current events.
Generic Structure:
- Newsworthy Event
- Background Event
- Source
Conclusion:
News item texts are essential for informing the public about significant events.
4. Descriptive Text
Definition:
Descriptive text describes a person, place, or object in detail.
Purpose:
To create a vivid image of the subject for the reader.
Generic Structure:
- Identification
- Description
Conclusion:
Descriptive texts help readers visualize what is being described clearly.
5. Report Text
Definition:
Report text presents information about something based on systematic observation or
analysis.
Purpose:
To classify and describe general phenomena or subjects.
Generic Structure:
- General Classification
- Description
Conclusion:
Report texts are useful in conveying factual and structured information.
6. Recount Text
Definition:
Recount text retells past events or experiences in chronological order.
Purpose:
To share experiences and events for informative or entertaining purposes.
Generic Structure:
- Orientation
- Events
- Re-orientation
Conclusion:
Recount texts help people reflect on and share their past experiences.
7. Review Text
Definition:
Review text evaluates a work or performance such as a book, movie, or product.
Purpose:
To assess and express an opinion on a work to guide others.
Generic Structure:
- Introduction
- Evaluation
- Interpretation
- Summary
Conclusion:
Review texts offer critiques and help others decide whether to engage with the work
reviewed.
Final Conclusion
Understanding various English text types such as Procedure, Narrative, News Item,
Descriptive, Report, Recount, and Review helps in developing comprehensive language
skills. Each text type has its unique purpose, structure, and language features, which are
essential in both academic and daily communication.
References
1. Gerot, L., & Wignell, P. (1994). Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Gerd
Stabler.
2. Anderson, M., & Anderson, K. (1997). Text Types in English 1 & 2. MacMillan Education
Australia.
3. Emilia, E. (2011). Pendekatan Genre-Based dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris: Petunjuk
untuk Guru. Rizqi Press.
