BASIC SCIENCE 1
Anatomy physiology, general and clinical pharmacology.
1) Which of the following terms describes the body's ability to maintain its normal state?
(A) Anabolism
(B) Catabolism
(C) Tolerance
(D) Homeostasis
(E) Metabolism
2) Which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs?
(A) Aorta
(B) Esophagus
(C) Heart
(D) Pancreas
(E) Trachea
3. Which of the following closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing?
(A) Alveoli
(B) Epiglottis
(C) Larynx
(D) Uvula
(E) Vocal cords
4. Which of the following is located beneath the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the
abdominal cavity?
(A) Appendix
(B) Duodenum
(C) Gallbladder
(D) Pancreas
(E) Spleen
5 Which of the following is the point at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to
another neuron?
(A) Dendrite
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(B) Glial cell
(C) Nerve center
(D) Synapse
(E) Terminal plate
6. Which of the following cranial nerves is related to the sense of smell?
(A) Abducens
(B) Hypoglossal
(C) Olfactory
(D) Trochlear
(E) Vagus
7.) Where is the sinoatrial node located?
(A) Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
(B) Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
(C) In the interventricular septum
(D) In the upper wall of the left ventricle
(E) In the upper wall of the right atrium
8. Which of the following substances is found in greater quantity in exhaled air?
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Carbon monoxide
(C) Nitrogen
(D) Oxygen
(E) Ozone
9 Which of the following structures is part of the small intestine?
(A) Ascending colon
(B) Cecum
(C) Ileum
(D) Sigmoid colon
(E) Transverse colon
10. Which of the following organs removes bilirubin from the blood, manufactures plasma
proteins, and is involved with the production of prothrombin and fibrinogen?
(A) Gallbladder
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(B) Kidney
(C) Liver
(D) Spleen
(E) Stomach
11. Which of the following is an accessory organ of the gastrointestinal system that is
responsible for secreting insulin?
(A) Adrenal gland
(B) Gallbladder
(C) Liver
(D) Pancreas
(E) Spleen
12. ) In men, specimens for gonococcal cultures are most commonly obtained from which of
the following structures?
(A) Anus
(B) Bladder
(C) Skin
(D) Testicle
(E) Urethra
13. Which of the following describes the cluster of blood capillaries found in each nephron in
the kidney?
(A) Afferent arteriole
(B) Glomerulus
(C) Loop of Henle
(D) Renal pelvis
(E) Renal tubule
14. Male hormones are produced by which of the following?
(A) Glans penis
(B) Prepuce
(C) Prostate
(D) Testes
(E) Vas deferens
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15. ) Fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon occurs in which of the following structures?
(A) Cervix
(B) Fallopian tube
(C) Ovary
(D) Uterus
(E) Vagina
16. Calcium, potassium, and sodium are classified as which of the following?
(A) Androgens
(B) Catecholamines
(C) Electrolytes
(D) Estrogens
(E) Prostaglandins
17. . Which of the following is called white part of the human eye?
a. Uvea
b. Tunic
c. Sclera
d. None of these
18. . Juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidney secretes?
a. Vasopressin
b. Renin
c. Secretin
d. Glomerulin
19. Which of the following system dilates the trachea, bronchi, and lungs?
a. Sympathetic system
b. Parasympathetic system
c. Either of them
d. None of these
20. Which cells in the blood do not have a nucleus?
(A) Lymphocyte
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(B) Monocyte
(C) Erythrocyte
(D) Basophil
(E) Neutrophil
21. Which law subsidizes drug companies for the production of medications to treat rare
disorders?
A. Harrison's Drug act
B. Orphan Drug act
C. Rare Drug Act
D. Comprehensive Drug act
22. The most common angle for intramuscular injection is;
A. 45 degrees
B. 60 degrees
C. 90 degrees
D. 10 degrees
23. A semiconscious patient is brought into the emergency room complaining of nausea and
vomiting. The route of choice for the ordered medication would be:
A. Oral (PO)
B. Sublingual
C. Via nasogastric tube
D. Rectally
24. A 2-year-old patient must receive an injection. The nurse knows that the IM site of
choice for this patient would be:
A. Dorsogluteal
B. Ventragluteal
C. Vastrus Lateralis
D. Deltiod
25. The pH value is calculated mathematically
as the
(a) Log of the hydroxyl ion (OH–) concentration
(b) Negative log of the OH– concentration
(c) Log of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration
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(d) Negative log of the H+ concentration
(e) Ratio of H+/OH– concentration
26. Which tissue has the greatest capacity to
bio-transform drugs? (a) Brain b) Kidney
(c) Liver (d) Lung
(e) Skin
27. This drug has activity against many strains of Pseudomomas aeruginosa. However,
when it is used alone, resistance has emerged during the course of treatment.
The drug should not be used in penicillinallergic patients. Its activity against
gramnegative rods is enhanced if it is given in combination with tazobactam
a) Amoxicillin (b) Aztreonam(c) Imipenem
(d) Piperacillin (e) Vancomycin
28. In peptic ulcer, antacids are now primarily
used for
(a) Prompt pain relief
(b) Ulcer healing
(c) Preventing ulcer relapse
(d) Control of bleeding from the ulcer
29. Which one of the following drugs is not useful in dysmenorrhea?
(a) Aspirin b) Colchicine c) Ibuprofen
(d) Rofecoxib (e) Naproxen
30. Current criteria used in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) include all of the
following symptoms except
(a) Fasting hyperglycemia
(b) Polyuria
(c) Polydipsia
(d) Tinnitus
(e) Weight loss
Section B: 30marks
1. Define anatomy and physiology. 2mks
2. what do you understand by a joint. 2mks
3. clearly explain the difference between external and internal respiration. 10mks
4. explain the cardiac conduction system. 10mks
5. list 6 hormones and give their functions. 6mks
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SECTION C: 40 MARKS
1. A 5 years old boy is rushed to the hospital with 3 episodes of convulsion, fever and neck
stiffness. Laboratory tests were done and a diagnosis of meningitis was made and the patient
was started on antibiotics.
a. what is meningitis.
b. what is meninges? list the layers of the meninges.
C. classify antibiotics and give one example of drug for each class. 20mks
2) A 60 year old man is rushed to the hospital because of acute urinary retention. A urinary
catheter is placed to relieve the urine.
a. list the structures that make up the male urinary system.
B. describe the process of urine formation. 20mks
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